Targeting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in ß-amyloid-stimulated microglial cells: A possible mechanism that oxysophoridine exerts anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease.

ß-amyloid (Aß) accumulation is a major neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and serves as an inflammatory stimulus for microglial cells. Oxysophoridine has multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In view of this, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of oxysophoridine on Aß-induced activation of microglial BV-2 cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that oxysophoridine concentration-dependently attenuated Aß-induced viability reduction of BV-2 cells. Aß stimulation reduced the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) content in BV-2 cells, but these effects were attenuated by oxysophoridine. Oxysophoridine abolished Aß-induced increase of mRNA expression, secretion, and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) in BV-2 cells. Additionally, western blot suggested that oxysophoridine inhibited Aß-induced activation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways in BV-2 cells. Inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway by TAK-242 enhanced the effects of oxysophoridine on Aß-induced viability reduction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in BV-2 cells. Taken together, oxysophoridine suppressed Aß-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in BV-2 cells by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

High plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide are associated with poor outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: As a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the clinical outcomes and plasma TMAO concentrations in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: From January 2019 to October 2019, we prospectively enrolled intracerebral hemorrhage patients diagnosed within 6 h of symptoms onset. Plasma TMAO levels was measured for all patients within 24 h after admission. The primary outcome was functional outcome at 3 months. Patients were dichotomized as good (modified Rankin scale 0-3) and poor (modified Rankin scale 4-6). Secondary outcome included early neurological deterioration (END) and hematoma enlargement (HE). RESULTS: There were 307 patients (57.7% male) with a mean age of 66.8 years included in the study. The median TMAO levels was 3.2 µmol/L. END, HE, and 3-month poor outcome were detected in 59 (19.2%), 54 (17.6%), and 139 (45.3%) patients, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio for the highest quartile of TMAO compared with the lowest quartile was 3.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.43-9.30) for 3-month poor outcome. Furthermore, multiple-adjusted spline regression model showed a linear association between TMAO levels and poor outcome at 3 months (P = 0.013 for linearity). Similar significant findings were observed when functional outcome was analyzed by continuous mRS score. No association was found between TMAO levels and END and HE. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that increased TMAO levels were independently correlated with 3-month function outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Di-functional luminescent sensors based on Y3+ doped Eu3+ and Tb3+ coordination polymers: fast response and visible detection of Cr3+, Fe3+ ions in aqueous solutions and acetone.

With the careful modulation of the relative ratio of Y3+/Eu3+and Y3+/Tb3+, two series of bimetallic RE-CPs (Eu x Y1- x and Tb x Y1- x ) were successfully obtained through the isomorphous substitution method. Interestingly, the introduction of Y3+ ions does not change the fluorescence characteristic peak of 1-Eu and 1-Tb, but enhances its fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield. Experimental and theoretical simulation results show the co-doping process changes the intramolecular energy transfer process and reduces the non-radiative transition resulting from concentration quenching. Eu0.1Y0.9 and Tb0.1Y0.9 with the largest luminescence lifetime were selected as the representative research objects, their potential application for the detection of toxic metal ions and organic molecules was further investigated. Interestingly, Eu0.1Y0.9 and Tb0.1Y0.9 demonstrate high sensitivity and good selectivity towards Fe3+, Cr3+ and acetone. Besides, fine fluorescence visibility provides the necessary conditions for the preparation of simple and fast response fluorescent test papers in order to achieve real-time and convenient detection of these toxic materials.

A series of two-dimensional lanthanide coordination polymers: synthesis, structures, magnetism and selective luminescence detection for heavy metal ions and toxic solvents.

A series of two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers (CPs), namely poly[[bis(µ-acetato)diaqua(µ6-biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylato)bis(N,N-dimethylacetamide)digadolinium(III)] N,N-dimethylacetamide monosolvate], {[Gd2(C16H6O8)(C2H3O2)2(C4H9NO)2(H2O)2]·C4H9NO}n (CP1), poly[[bis(µ-acetato)diaqua(µ6-biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylato)bis(N,N-dimethylacetamide)didysprosium(III)] N,N-dimethylacetamide monosolvate], {[Dy2(C16H6O8)(C2H3O2)2(C4H9NO)2(H2O)2]·C4H9NO}n (CP2), poly[bis(µ-acetato)diaqua(µ6-biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylato)bis(N,N-dimethylacetamide)dineodymium(III)], [Nd2(C16H6O8)(C2H3O2)2(C4H9NO)2(H2O)2]n (CP3), poly[bis(µ-acetato)diaqua(µ6-biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylato)bis(N,N-dimethylacetamide)disamarium(III)], [Sm2(C16H6O8)(C2H3O2)2(C4H9NO)2(H2O)2]n (CP4), has been synthesized from rigid biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylic acid under solvothermal conditions. Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectra, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses, and CP1-CP4 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n. CP1-CP4 are isomorphous and feature similar 2D double layers, which are further extended via interlayer hydrogen-bonding interactions into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure. Hydrogen-bonding interactions between N,N-dimethylacetamide molecules and carboxylate O atoms strengthen the packing of the layers. The organic ligands interconnect with metal ions to generate 2D layered structures with a (4,4)-connected net having {44.62} topology. CP1 has been investigated for its magnetic properties and magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out in the range 2.0-300 K. The results of the magnetic measurements show weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the GdIII ions in CP1. Moreover, the strong luminescence of CP2 and CP4 can be selectively quenched by the Fe3+ ion and toxic solvents (e.g. acetone).

Two novel lanthanide(III) organic frameworks based on a biphenyltetracarboxylate ligand: synthesis, structure and magnetic and luminescence properties.

Two new two-dimensional lanthanide coordination polymers, namely poly[[tetra-µ2-acetato-tetraaquabis(µ4-biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylato)tetrakis(dimethylacetamide)tetraterbium(III)] pentahydrate], {[Tb4(C16H6O8)2(C2H3O2)4(C4H9NO)4(H2O)4]·5H2O}n, (1), and poly[[tetra-µ2-acetato-tetraaquabis(µ5-biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylato)tetrakis(dimethylacetamide)tetraeuropium(III)] tetrahydrate], {[Eu4(C16H6O8)2(C2H3O2)4(C4H9NO)4(H2O)4]·4H2O}n, (2), have been synthesized from biphenyl-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylic acid (H4bpt) and Ln(NO3)3·6H2O (Ln = Tb and Eu) under solvothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis shows that the two compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n space group. The crystal structures are constructed from bpt4- ligands (as linkers) and {Ln2(µ2-CH3COO)2} building units (as nodes), which topological analysis shows to be a (4,6)-connected network with sql topology. Compounds (1) and (2) have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and fluorescence analysis in the solid state. In addition, a magnetic investigation shows the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions in compound (1).

Solution-processed single crystal microsheets of a novel dimeric phthalocyanine-involved triple-decker for high-performance ambipolar organic field effect transistors.

Well-defined single crystal microsheets of a novel dimeric phthalocyanine involved sandwich-type triple-decker complex [Pc(SC6H13)8]2Eu2[BiPc(SC6H13)12]Eu2[Pc(SC6H13)8]2 (1) are successfully prepared via a facile solution process. High-performance single crystal OFETs with a hole mobility of 18 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an electron mobility of 0.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 are obtained.

Dysprosium Heteroleptic Corrole-Phthalocyanine Triple-Decker Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrochemical and Magnetic Properties.

Two triple-decker dinuclear sandwich dysprosium complexes, which are represented as Dy2[Pc(OC5H11)8]2[Cor(FPh)3] (1) and Dy2[Pc(OC5H11)8]2[Cor(ClPh)3] (2), were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods in nonaqueous media. Their electronic structures were also investigated on the basis of TD-DFT calculations. The sandwich triple-decker nature with the molecular conformation of [Pc(OC5H11)8]Dy[Cor(FPh)3]Dy[Pc(OC5H11)8] for compound 1 was unambiguously revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and showed each dyprosium ion to be octacoordinated by the isoindole and pyrrole nitrogen atoms of an outer phthalocyanine ring and the central corrole ring, respectively. In addition, the magnetic properties of both compounds have also been characterized for exploring the functionalities of these types of triple-decker complexes.

Porphyrin-Alkaline Earth MOFs with the Highest Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue.

A series of four porphyrin-alkaline earth metal- organic frameworks [Mg(HDCPP)2 (DMF)2 ]n ⋅(H2 O)7 n (1), [Ca(HDCPP)2 (H2 O)2 ]n (DMF)1.5 n (2), [Sr(DCPP)(H2 O)(DMA)]n (3), and [Ba(DCPP)(H2 O)(DMA)]n (4) was isolated for the first time from solvothermal reaction between metal-free 5,15-di(4- carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2 DCPP) and alkaline earth ions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals the 2D and 3D supramolecular network with periodic nanosized porosity for 1/2 and 3/4, respectively. The whole series of MOFs, in particular, compounds 1 and 2 with intrinsic low molecular formula weight, exhibit superior adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB) with excellent capture capacity as represented by the thus far highest adsorption amount of 952 mg g(-1) for 2 and good selectivity, opening a new way for the potential application of the main group metal-based MOFs.

Crystal structure of bis-(µ-2,3,4,5-tetra-fluoro-benzoato-κ(2) O:O')bis-[(1,10-phen-anthroline-κ(2) N:N')(2,3,4,5-tetra-fluoro-benzoato-κO)copper(II)] dihydrate.

In the title compound, [Cu2(C7HF4O2)4(C12H8N2)2]·2H2O, the Cu(II) ion has a square-pyramidal coordination sphere. The basal plane consists of two N atoms [Cu-N = 2.008 (3) and 2.032 (3) Å] from the phenanthroline ligand, and of two carboxyl-ate O atoms [Cu-O = 1.942 (3) and 1.948 (3) Å] from two 2,3,4,5-tetra-fluoro-benzoate anions. Another 2,3,4,5-tetra-fluoro-benzoate anion provides the apical carboxyl-ate O atom [Cu-O = 2.262 (3) Å] and bridges two Cu(II) ions into a binuclear centrosymmetric dimer. Intra-molecular π-π inter-actions between one of the tetra-fluoro-benzene rings and the middle of the phenenanthroline rings [3.617 (3) Å] stabilize the mol-ecular configuration. O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the lattice water mol-ecules and the unbound carboxyl-ate O atoms of the metal complexes leads to the formation of a chain structure parallel to [100].

Crystal structure of tri-aqua-(1,10-phen-anthroline-κ(2) N,N')(2,4,5-tri-fluoro-3-meth-oxy-benzoato-κO (1))cobalt(II) 2,4,5-tri-fluoro-3-meth-oxy-benzoate.

The title salt, [Co(C8H4F3O3)(C12H8N2)(H2O)3](C8H4F3O3), was obtained under solvothermal conditions by the reaction of 2,4,5-tri-fluoro-3-meth-oxy-benzoic acid with CoCl2 in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). The Co(II) ion is octa-hedrally coordinated by two N atoms [Co-N = 2.165 (2) and 2.129 (2) Å] from the phen ligand, by one carboxyl-ate O atom [Co-O = 2.107 (1) Å] and by three O atoms from water mol-ecules [Co-O = 2.093 (1), 2.102 (1) and 2.114 (1) Å]. The equatorial positions of the slightly distorted octa-hedron are occupied by the N atoms, the carboxyl-ate O and one water O atom. An intra- and inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding network between the water-containing complex cation and the organic anion leads to the formation of ribbons parallel to [010].

Porphyrin-POSS molecular hybrids.

Porphyrin-POSS hybrid: Porphyrin-POSS molecular hybrid composites (see scheme; POSS = polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes) were synthesized and structurally characterized, allowing the realization of truly homogenous dispersion of basic functional building blocks between organic and inorganic components at the molecular level. These materials allow the optimization of aggregation/association behavior and thus the functional optical properties of the porphyrinato zinc compounds.

Bis(2,2'-bipyrid-yl)bromidocopper(II) bromide bromo-acetic acid hemihydrate.

In the title compound, [CuBr(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)]Br·BrCH(2)COOH·0.5H(2)O, the Cu(II) ion is coordinated by four N atoms [Cu-N = 1.985 (6)-2.125 (7) Å] from two 2,2'-bipyridine ligand mol-ecules and a bromide anion [Cu-Br = 2.471 (2) Å] in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. Short centroid-centroid distances [3.762 (5) and 3.867 (5) Å] between the aromatic rings of neighbouring cations suggest the existence of π-π inter-actions. Inter-molecular O-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Br inter-actions consolidate the crystal packing.

Bis(3,4-dimethoxy-benzoato-κO,O')(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')copper(II).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cu(C(9)H(9)O(4))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))], contains one half-mol-ecule, the complete mol-ecule being generated by a twofold rotation axis. The Cu(II) atom exhibits a six-coordinated distorted octa-hedral geometry with two N atoms from the phenanthroline ligand [Cu-N 2.007 (2) Å] and four O atoms from two 3,4-dimethoxy-benzoate ligands [Cu-O 1.950 (1) and 2.524 (1) Å]. The difference in Cu-O bond distances indicates a strong Jahn-Teller effect. In the crystal, C-H⋯π inter-actions result in chains of mol-ecules along the c axis.

Aqua-bis(2-iodo-acetato-κO)(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')copper(II).

In the title compound, [Cu(C(2)H(2)IO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)], the Cu(II) ion is coordinated by two N atoms [Cu-N = 2.013 (4) and 2.024 (4) Å] from a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and three O atoms [Cu-O = 1.940 (4)-2.261 (4) Å] from two carboxyl ligands and a water mol-ecule in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. One iodo-acetate O atom [Cu-O = 2.775 (4) Å] completes the coordination to form a distorted octa-hedron. Inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers, which are further packed by π-π inter-actions between the 1,10-phenanthroline ligands into layers parallel to the ab plane. The crystal packing also exhibits short inter-molecular I⋯I contacts of 3.6772 (9) Šand weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Bis(2-bromo-acetato-κO,O')(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')copper(II).

The two halves of the title compound, [Cu(C(2)H(2)BrO(2))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))], are related by twofold symmetry along the b axis through the central Cu(II) ion. The Cu(II) ion is coordinated by two symmetry-related N atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and four O atoms from two 2-bromo-acetate ligands, showing a distorted octahedral geometry. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions link neighbouring mol-ecules.

1,5-Bis[(E)-cyclo-pentyl-idene]thio-carbono-hydrazide.

In the title mol-ecule, C(11)H(18)N(4)S, an intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond [N⋯N = 2.558 (3)Å] is observed. The two cyclo-pentyl rings are disordered between two conformations in 1:1 and 2:1 ratios. In the crystal structure, weak inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds [N⋯S = 3.547 (3) Å] link pairs of mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers.

Bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-κN,N')(nitrato-κO,O')(trifluoro-acetato-κO)cadmium(II).

In the title complex, [Cd(C(2)F(3)O(2))(NO(3))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)], the Cd(II) ion is hepta-coordinated by two chelating 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands [Cd⋯N 2.370 (6)-2.416 (6) Å], one carboxyl-ate O atom [Cd⋯O 2.290 (6) Å] from the trifluoro-acetate ligand and two O atoms [Cd⋯O 2.386 (6), 2.633 (6) Å] from a chelating nitrate anion. The trifluoro-methyl fragment is rotationally disordered between two orientations in a 0.640 (7):0.360 (7) ratio. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the crystal packing stability.

Aqua-(furan-2-carboxyl-ato-κO)(furan-2-carboxyl-ato-κO,O')(1,10-phenanthroline-κN,N')copper(II) methanol hemisolvate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cu(C(5)H(3)O(3))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)]·0.5CH(3)OH, contains two Cu(II) complex mol-ecules and one methanol solvent mol-ecule with the metal centres in strongly distorted octahedral coordination. The coordinated water mol-ecule is involved in inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which links the complex mol-ecules into chains propagating along the c axis. Neighbouring chains inter-act further via π-π inter-actions between the aromatic rings of 1,10-phenanthroline fragments [centroid-centroid distances = 3.726 (4) and 3.750 (4) Å].

Design and synthesis of planar chiral heterocyclic carbene precursors derived from [2.2]paracyclophane.

A unique family of planar chiral symmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene precursors with restricted flexibility derived from [2.2]paracyclopane were obtained by a new synthetic route. The resolution of 4-amino-13-bromo[2.2]paracyclophane was achieved with relatively high efficiency. Starting from (4 S p,13 R p)-4-amino-13-bromo[2.2]paracyclophane, the planar chiral pseudogem-disubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanyl dihydroimidazoliums were prepared in a four-step sequence with good yields. The resulting dihydroimidazolium salts were fully characterized with a series of methods including single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique.