Mg(Al, Fe, Mn, REE)2O4 Spinel Prepared from Pelagic REE-Rich Clays and Application as Magnesium-Ion-Battery Cathodes.

The oxidation and lattice distortion of spinel oxides used for magnesium-ion battery (MIB) cathodes lead to poor stability and cycling performance. Herein, the highly inverted spinel oxide Mg(Al, Fe, Mn, REE)2O4 of i = 0.62 with incorporated rare-earth elements (REE) and decent specific surface area was prepared by utilizing leachate of the pelagic rare-earth-rich clays via a foamed sol-gel/calcination method. Measurements of specific capacity, cycling performance, and multiplicity performance showed that the foamed spinel exhibited distinguished electrochemical performance of MIB. At the current density of 100 mA h-1, the initial discharge and charge specific capacity were 125.7 mAh g-1 and 139.7 mAh g-1, and the reversible discharge and charge specific capacities were maintained as 96.7 mAh g-1 and 102.4 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles of charging-discharging. The Mg-ion diffusion rate for MAFMRO was 1.08 × 10-5 cm2 s-1, which was significantly improved, compared to traditional magnesium spinel anodes. This work highlights an approach for modification of spinel-type cathode materials and the high-value utilization of pelagic clay resources.

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of gastrointestinal cancer liver metastases and drug resistance.

Distant metastases and drug resistance account for poor survival of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies such as gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. GI cancers most commonly metastasize to the liver, which provides a unique immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment to support the development of a premetastatic niche for tumor cell colonization and metastatic outgrowth. Metastatic tumors often exhibit greater resistance to drugs than primary tumors, posing extra challenges in treatment. The liver metastases and drug resistance of GI cancers are regulated by complex, intertwined, and tumor-dependent cellular and molecular mechanisms that influence tumor cell behavior (e.g. epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, or EMT), tumor microenvironment (TME) (e.g. the extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells), tumor cell-TME interactions (e.g. through cytokines and exosomes), liver microenvironment (e.g. hepatic stellate cells and macrophages), and the route and mechanism of tumor cell dissemination (e.g. circulating tumor cells). This review provides an overview of recent advances in the research on cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate liver metastases and drug resistance of GI cancers. We also discuss recent advances in the development of mechanism-based therapy for these GI cancers. Targeting these cellular and molecular mechanisms, either alone or in combination, may potentially provide novel approaches to treat metastatic GI malignancies.

Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic and asymptomatic children from South of Zhejiang province in China.

Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal pathogen that is found globally. Children are more susceptible and often suffer severe consequences after infection. Despite this, the health effects of this pathogen continue to be poorly understood and neglected. In Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China, stool samples were obtained from 1032 children who were admitted to Yuying Children's Hospital. Out of these, 684 presented with diarrhea, while 348 were asymptomatic. The stool samples were screened for G. duodenali by targeting the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Subtypes of G. duodenalis were identified via amplification of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes in samples positive for the G. duodenalis. The findings indicated the presence of G. duodenalis in 0.9 % (9/1032) of the samples, with 9/684 (1.3 %) of the samples originating from children with diarrhea and none from the asymptomatic samples. All 9 samples that tested positive for G. duodenalis were determined to be of assemblage A. Of these, 6 samples were effectively genotyped at all 3 loci, resulting in the identification of 3 distinct MLGs: MLG-AII1 (n = 1), MLG-AII2 (n = 4), and MLG-AII2 (n = 1), all belonging to G. duodenalis assemblage AII. This was the first study that confirmed G. duodenalis infections in children residing in southern Zhejiang, China, with comparatively low rates of infection. The detection of G. duodenalis assemblage AII indicates a possibility of transfer from one human to another. The parasite's effect on the health of young children requires special attention and consideration.

Cross-species transmission of Cryptosporidium in wild rodents from the southern region of Zhejiang Province of China and its possible impact on public health.

Wild rodents serve as reservoirs for Cryptosporidium and are overpopulated globally. However, genetic data regarding Cryptosporidium in these animals from China are limited. Here, we have determined the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium among 370 wild rodents captured from three distinct locations in the southern region of Zhejiang Province, China. Fresh feces were collected from the rectum of each rodent, and DNA was extracted from them. The rodent species was identified by PCR amplifying the vertebrate cytochrome b gene. Cryptosporidium was detected by PCR amplification and amplicon sequencing the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene. Positive samples of C. viatorum and C. parvum were further subtyped by analyzing the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene. A positive Cryptosporidium result was found in 7% (26/370) of samples, involving five rodent species: Apodemus agrarius (36), Niviventer niviventer (75), Rattus losea (18), R. norvegicus (155), and R. tanezumi (86). Their respective Cryptosporidium positive rates were 8.3%, 5.3%, 11.1%, 7.1%, and 7.0%. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of three Cryptosporidium species: C. parvum (4), C. viatorum (1), and C. muris (1), and two genotypes: Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (16) and C. mortiferum-like (4). Additionally, two subtypes of C. parvum (IIdA15G1 and IIpA19) and one subtype of C. viatorum (XVdA3) were detected. These results demonstrate that various wild rodent species in Zhejiang were concurrently infected with rodent-adapted and zoonotic species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium, indicating that these rodents can play a role in maintaining and dispersing this parasite into the environment and other hosts, including humans.

Title: Transmission interspécifique de Cryptosporidium chez les rongeurs sauvages de la région sud de la province chinoise du Zhejiang et son impact possible sur la santé publique. Abstract: Les rongeurs sauvages servent de réservoirs à Cryptosporidium et ont des grandes populations à l'échelle mondiale. Cependant, les données génétiques concernant Cryptosporidium chez ces animaux en Chine sont limitées. Ici, nous avons déterminé la prévalence et les caractéristiques génétiques de Cryptosporidium parmi 370 rongeurs sauvages capturés dans trois endroits distincts de la région sud de la province du Zhejiang, en Chine. Des excréments frais ont été collectés dans le rectum de chaque rongeur et l'ADN en a été extrait. L'espèce de rongeur a été identifiée par amplification par PCR du gène du cytochrome b des vertébrés. Cryptosporidium a été détecté par amplification PCR et séquençage d'amplicons de la petite sous-unité du gène de l'ARN ribosomal. Les échantillons positifs de C. viatorum et C. parvum ont ensuite été sous-typés en analysant le gène de la glycoprotéine de 60 kDa. Un résultat positif pour Cryptosporidium a été trouvé dans 7 % (26/370) des échantillons, impliquant cinq espèces de rongeurs : Apodemus agrarius (36), Niviventer niviventer (75), Rattus losea (18), R. norvegicus (155) et R. tanezumi (86). Leurs taux respectifs de positivité pour Cryptosporidium étaient de 8,3 %, 5,3 %, 11,1 %, 7,1 % et 7,0 %. L'analyse des séquences a confirmé la présence de trois espèces de Cryptosporidium : C. parvum (4), C. viatorum (1) et C. muris (1), et de deux génotypes : Cryptosporidium génotype IV de rat (16) et C. mortiferum-like (4). De plus, deux sous-types de C. parvum (IIdA15G1 et IIpA19) et un sous-type de C. viatorum (XVdA3) ont été détectés. Ces résultats démontrent que diverses espèces de rongeurs sauvages du Zhejiang sont simultanément infectées par des espèces/génotypes de Cryptosporidium zoonotiques et adaptés aux rongeurs, ce qui indique que ces rongeurs peuvent jouer un rôle dans le maintien et la dispersion de ce parasite dans l'environnement et d'autres hôtes, y compris les humains.

Safflower Yellow Combined with Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis After Orthopaedic Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Literature Review.

Objective: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) refers to a clot in a deep vein caused by various reasons. If such a clot becomes dislodged, it can return to the vein and lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), which can cause death in severe cases. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Safflower yellow combined with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of DVT after orthopedic surgery. Methods: A comprehensive search of randomized controlled studies (RCTs) of Safflower yellow combined with LMWH for the prevention of DVT after orthopedic surgery was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases from January 2000 to June 2021. Data were extracted for quality evaluation and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 8 RCTs including 624 patients were included. The combination treatment reduced the incidence of DVT compared with the control group; the combination treatment improved the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects. Conclusion: Safflower yellow combined with LMWH can reduce postoperative blood hypercoagulability and prevent DVT formation in lower extremities in orthopedic patients, and achieves better outcomes than LMWH alone in terms of postoperative bleeding tendency.

Genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. from children with or without diarrhea in Wenzhou, China: high probability of zoonotic transmission.

BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidium is a highly pathogenic parasite responsible for diarrhea in children worldwide. Here, the epidemiological status and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium in children with or without diarrhea were investigated with tracking of potential sources in Wenzhou City, China. METHODS: A total of 1032 children were recruited, 684 of whom had diarrhea and 348 without, from Yuying Children's Hospital in Wenzhou, China. Samples of stool were collected from each participant, followed by extraction of DNA, genotyping, and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species and subtypes. RESULTS: Twenty-two of the 1032 (2.1%) children were infected with Cryptosporidium spp. with 2.5% (17/684) and 1.4% (5/348) in diarrhoeic and asymptomatic children, respectively. Four Cryptosporidium species were identified, including C. parvum (68.2%; 15/22), C. felis (13.6%; 3/22), C. viatorum (9.1%; 2/22), and C. baileyi (9.1%; 2/22). Two C. parvum subtypes named IIdA19G1 (n = 14) and IInA10 (n = 1), and one each of C. felis (XIXa) and C. viatorum (XVaA3g) subtype was found as well. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first research that identified Cryptosporidium in children of Wenzhou, China, using PCR. Identification of zoonotic C. parvum, C. felis, C. viatorum, and their subtypes indicate potential cross-species transmission of Cryptosporidium between children and animals. Additionally, the presence of C. baileyi in children suggests that this species has a wider host range than previously believed and that it possesses the capacity to infect humans.

Molecular prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. among children who have diarrheia or are asymptomatic in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Blastocystis sp., a significant zoonotic parasite with a global distribution, was the focus of this study, which aimed to investigate its prevalence and genetic diversity among diarrheic and asymptomatic children in Wenzhou, China. We collected 1,032 fecal samples from Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China, comprising 684 from children with diarrhea and 348 from asymptomatic children. Genomic DNA extracted from these samples was used to detect Blastocystis spp. by PCR, targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was constructed, applying the maximum likelihood method. Blastocystis spp. were detected in 67 (6.5%) of the fecal samples. The prevalence rate of Blastocystis spp. in diarrheic children (8.8%; 60/684) was significantly higher than that in asymptomatic children (2.0%; 7/348) (χ 2 = 17.3, p < 0.001). Sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA gene identified five known Blastocystis spp. subtypes, ST1 (n = 12), ST2 (n = 5), ST3 (n = 35), ST4 (n = 12), and ST7 (n = 3). ST1 and ST3 were present in both diarrheic and asymptomatic children, while ST2, ST4, and ST7 were exclusive to diarrheic children. Intra-subtype genetic polymorphisms were identified, comprising four variations in ST1 (ST1-1 to ST1-4), five in ST3 (ST3-1 to ST3-5), two in ST4 (ST4-1 and ST4-2), and two in ST7 (ST7-1 and ST7-2). Notably, ST1-2 to ST1-4, ST3-3 to ST3-5, and ST7-1 and ST7-2 represent newly identified variations. The composition and genetic characteristics of subtypes among children in this region suggest various sources of infection, including human-to-human and animal-to-human transmission.

Title: Prévalence moléculaire et distribution des sous-types de Blastocystis spp. parmi les enfants diarrhéiques et asymptomatiques à Wenzhou, Province du Zhejiang, Chine. Abstract: Blastocystis sp., un parasite zoonotique important avec une distribution mondiale, était au centre de cette étude, qui visait à étudier sa prévalence et sa diversité génétique parmi les enfants diarrhéiques et asymptomatiques de Wenzhou, en Chine. Nous avons collecté 1 032 échantillons fécaux à l'hôpital pour enfants Yuying de Wenzhou, en Chine, dont 684 provenant d'enfants souffrant de diarrhée et 348 d'enfants asymptomatiques. L'ADN génomique extrait de ces échantillons a été utilisé pour détecter Blastocystis sp. par PCR, ciblant le gène de la petite sous-unité de l'ARN ribosomal. Par la suite, un arbre phylogénétique a été construit, en appliquant la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance. Blastocystis sp. a été détecté dans 67 (6,5 %) des échantillons fécaux. Le taux de prévalence de Blastocystis spp. chez les enfants diarrhéiques (8,8 % ; 60 / 684) était significativement plus élevé que chez les enfants asymptomatiques (2,0 % ; 7 / 348) (χ2 = 17,3, p < 0,001). L'analyse de la séquence du gène de l'ARNr SSU a identifié cinq sous-types de Blastocystis spp., ST1 (n = 12), ST2 (n = 5), ST3 (n = 35), ST4 (n = 12) et ST7 (n = 3). Les sous-types ST1 et ST3 étaient présents chez les enfants diarrhéiques et asymptomatiques, tandis que ST2, ST4 et ST7 étaient exclusifs aux enfants diarrhéiques. Des polymorphismes génétiques intra-sous-types ont été identifiés, comprenant quatre variations dans ST1 (ST1-1 à ST1-4), cinq dans ST3 (ST3-1 à ST3-5), deux dans ST4 (ST4-1 et ST4-2) et deux dans ST7 (ST7-1 et ST7-2). Notamment, ST1-2 à ST1-4, ST3-3 à ST3-5, ST7-1 et ST7-2 représentent des variations nouvellement identifiées. La composition et les caractéristiques génétiques des sous-types chez les enfants de cette région suggèrent diverses sources d'infection, notamment la transmission interhumaine et animale.

Physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanin in acquired tolerance to salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Anthocyanin is an important pigment that prevents oxidative stress and mediates adaptation of plants to salt stress. Peanuts with dark red and black testa are rich in anthocyanin. However, correlation between salt tolerance and anthocyanin content in black and dark red testa peanuts is unknown. In this study, three peanut cultivars namely YZ9102 (pink testa), JHR1 (red testa) and JHB1 (black testa) were subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress. The plant growth, ion uptake, anthocyanin accumulation, oxidation resistance and photosynthetic traits were comparatively analyzed. We observed that the plant height, leaf area and biomass under salt stress was highly inhibited in pink color testa (YZ9102) as compare to black color testa (JHB1). JHB1, a black testa colored peanut was identified as the most salt-tolerance cultivar, followed by red (JHR1) and pink(YZ9102). During salt stress, JHB1 exhibited significantly higher levels of anthocyanin and flavonoid accumulation compared to JHR1 and YZ9102, along with increased relative activities of antioxidant protection and photosynthetic efficiency. However, the K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ were consistently decreased among three cultivars under salt stress, suggesting that the salt tolerance of black testa peanut may not be related to ion absorption. Therefore, we predicted that salt tolerance of JHB1 may be attributed to the accumulation of the anthocyanin and flavonoids, which activated antioxidant protection against the oxidative damage to maintain the higher photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth. These findings will be useful for improving salt tolerance of peanuts.

Molecular mechanism of drought resistance in soybean roots revealed using physiological and multi-omics analyses.

Soybeans are one of the most cultivated crops worldwide and drought can seriously affect their growth and development. Many studies have elucidated the mechanisms through which soybean leaves respond to drought; however, little is known about these mechanisms in roots. We used two soybean varieties with different drought tolerances to study the morphological, physiological, and molecular response mechanisms of the root system to drought stress in seedlings. We found that drought stress led to a significant decrease in the root traits and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in the two varieties. Drought-resistant varieties accumulate large amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids at the metabolic level, which causes variations in drought resistance. Additionally, differences in gene expression and drought-resistance pathways between the two varieties were clarified using transcriptome analysis. Through a multi-omics joint analysis, phenylpropanoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis were identified as the core drought resistance pathways in soybean roots. Candidate genes and marker metabolites affecting drought resistance were identified. The phenylpropanoid pathway confers drought tolerance to roots by maintaining a high level of POD activity and mediates the biosynthesis of various secondary drought-resistant metabolites to resist drought stress. This study provides useful data for investigating plant root drought responses and offers theoretical support for plant breeding for drought resistance.

Quantification and Distribution of Thiols in Fermented Grains of Sauce-Aroma Baijiu Production Process.

Five volatile thiol compounds (methanethiol, ethanethiol, 2-mercapto-1-ethanol, 2-furfurylthiol, and 2-methyl-3-furanethiol) in fermented grains of sauce-aroma baijiu were determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were pre-treated using a modified QuEChERS method. 4,4'-Dithiodipyridine (DTDP) derivatization reaction improved the detectability and stability of volatile thiol compounds. From the end of the first round to the end of the seventh round of fermentation and different fermentation states from the fifth round of fermented grains of the sauce-aroma baijiu production process were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of methanethiol (67.64-205.37 µg/kg), ethanethiol (1.22-1.76 µg/kg), 2-furfurylthiol (0.51-3.03 µg/kg), and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol (1.70-12.74 µg/kg) were increased with the number of fermentation rounds. Methanethiol, 2-furfurylthiol, and 2-methyl-3-furanthiol increased during fermentation and distillation in the fifth round. Fermentation and distillation were important stages for their widespread production. After distillation, there were still a large number of volatile thiol compounds in the fermented grains. The thermal reaction was of great significance in the formation of these thiols.

[Reform and practice of Biopharmaceutical Technology Comprehensive Experiments in higher vocational colleges in the context of skills competition].

Comprehensive experiments course is a bridge for higher vocational students to integrate theoretical knowledge with production practice. The article introduces that our biological pharmacy department is committed to the principles of "promotion of teaching, learning and construction through skills competition so as to integrate education and training". By taking penicillin fermentation process as an example, reform has been made in several aspects including teaching objectives, teaching content and teaching methods. We integrate the practical operation of fermentation equipment with virtual simulation software to develop a two-way interactive course. By reducing the subjective dependence, the quantitative management and evaluation of fermentation process parameter control were put into place, which efficiently integrated the skills competition with practical teaching. Improved teaching performance has been achieved over recent years, which may facilitate the reform and practice of similar courses based on skills competition.

LncRNA EBLN3P attributes methotrexate resistance in osteosarcoma cells through miR-200a-3p/O-GlcNAc transferase pathway.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is highly malignant. The migration, invasion, and chemoresistance contribute to poor prognosis of osteosarcoma. Research reported that endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein 3 pseudogene (EBLN3P) promotes the progression of osteosarcoma. METHODS: In this study, the expression of EBLN3P in osteosarcoma tissue with different methotrexate (MTX) treatment responses was measured. Osteosarcoma cell lines with MTX resistance were constructed, and bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore the potential involved targets and pathways. RESULTS: Higher EBLN3P was associated with MTX resistance. Downregulation of LncEBLN3P decreased the MTX resistance of osteosarcoma cells by sponging miR-200a-3p, an important microRNA that affects epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The decreased miR-200a-3p resulted in the upregulation of its target gene O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which in turn promoted the EMT process of osteosarcoma cells. Further analysis confirmed that the loss of OGT and over-expression of miR-200a-3p could partly abolish the MTX resistance induced by LncEBLN3P. CONCLUSION: LncEBLN3P is upregulated in osteosarcoma and increases the MTX resistance in osteosarcoma cells through downregulating miR-200a-3p, which in turn promoted the EMT process of osteosarcoma cells by increasing the OGT.

Pseudocatalytic Hydrogels with Intrinsic Antibacterial and Photothermal Activities for Local Treatment of Subcutaneous Abscesses and Breast Tumors.

The intimate relationship between bacteria and tumors has triggered a lot of activities in the development and design of bioactive materials to concurrently respond to antitumor and antibacterial demands. Herein, a pseudocatalytic hydrogel (AM-I@Agar) with intrinsic antibacterial and photothermal activities, synthesized by incorporating prefabricated amylose-iodine nanoparticles into low-melting-point agarose hydrogel, is explored as a bioactive agent for local treatment of subcutaneous abscesses and breast tumors. The AM-I@Agar hydrogel depicts the ability of pseudocatalytic O2 generation from H2 O2 to alleviate hypoxia. Meanwhile, the AM-I@Agar hydrogel exhibits temperature self-regulation features, beneficial for avoiding thermal injury during photothermal therapy owing to thermochromic properties. Upon local injection into a subcutaneous abscess, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is effectively eliminated by the AM-I@Agar hydrogel, and complete skin recovery is achieved in 8 d, demonstrating much better antibacterial effects compared with penicillin, a small-molecule antibiotic. AM-I/5-FU@Agar hydrogel, obtained after loading 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), significantly inhibits tumors in both normal 4T1 tumor-bearing mice and MRSA-infected 4T1 tumor-bearing mice models via a synergistic photothermal-chemo effect, and shows treatment efficiency superior to that achieved with photothermal therapy or 5-FU alone. This work provides a concept for the design and development of bioactive agents for potential management of bacteria-associated cancer.

Deep eutectic solvents coupled with (NH4)3H6CoMo6O24 trigger aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid.

An Anderson-type polyoxometalate (NH4)3H6CoMo6O24 in deep eutectic solvents exhibited outstanding catalytic performance for the selective aerobic oxidation of HMF to FFCA. It is potentially a promising and highly environmentally friendly approach for biomass conversion.

CEA-Ki-67- Pathologic Subtype: An Adjunct Factor for Refining Prognosis in Stage I Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: The prognosis for stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma is generally good. However, some patients with stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma have an unexpectedly poor outcome. This warrants consideration of adjunct markers. In this study, we analyze carcinoembryonic antigen, Ki-67, and a pathologic subtype in combination for prognostic evaluation of stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma. These factors were selected for study as they have been shown to be individually associated with prognosis in many studies. Methods: A total of 650 patients with stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma were investigated retrospectively. Each patient was re-staged using standard TNM criteria. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values were obtained from preoperative blood samples, and Ki-67 was evaluated with tumor tissue immunohistochemistry. Patient clinicopathologic characteristics, survival status, and date of death were obtained from medical records and telephone follow-up. Results: CEA > 4.4 ng/ml, Ki-67 > 13%, and a solid-micropapillary tumor growth pattern were each independent adverse prognostic markers for 5-year disease specific survival in stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, in combination, these 3 factors yielded a prognostic value (designated "CEA-Ki-67-pathologic subtype" value). Stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma of low-risk CEA-Ki-67-pathologic subtype (CKP) value show biologic behavior similar to TNM stage IA1 tumors, while stage I tumors of high-risk CKP value are similar in prognosis to TNM stage II. Conclusion: The CKP value may be used as an adjunct to the TNM classification, which may yield a more accurately defined prognosis for cases of stage I pulmonary adenocarcinoma. CKP value may identify patients at higher risk who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Conversely, lower risk CKP values may support avoidance of chemotherapy.

Sevoflurane preconditioning prevents acute renal injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion in mice via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Oxidative stress, caused by renal ischemia reperfusion (IR)/hypoperfusion, is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane (SEV) protects organs from the damage caused by oxidative stress. In the present study, mice were randomly assigned to a sham operation group (Sham), IR-vehicle group (IR+ vehicle), IR + SEV low-dose preconditioning group and an IR + SEV high-dose preconditioning group. The effect of SEV on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulatory protein of the endogenous antioxidant defense system and, consequently oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis-related factors, were all quantified using commercial kits or by western blotting. SEV preconditioning was demonstrated to ameliorate kidney injury as a result of decreased blood urine nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, activated Nrf2 expression in the kidney and decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory index levels an AKI mouse model. SEV preconditioning also protected injured kidney via the downregulation of caspase-3 protein expression levels. In addition, using the Nrf2 inhibitor, Brusatol, significantly abolished the SEV preconditioning renal protective effect. Using an in vitro HK-2 cell model of hypoxia/reoxygenation, it was also demonstrated that Nrf2 pathway activation was necessary for SEV to exert its beneficial effect for tubular cell injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation. These results indicated that SEV may protect against renal injury caused by IR via Nrf2 upregulation.

Relationship Between Leaflets and Root in Normal Aortic Valve Based on Computed Tomography Imaging: Implication for Aortic Valve Repair.

Objective: By assessing the normal dimensions and the relationship between the aortic root and leaflets in Chinese population, the objective of this three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT)-based study was to establish a matching reference for leaflets and aortic root for aortic valve (AV) repair. Method: Electrocardiogram-gated multi-detector CT was performed on 168 Chinese participants with a normal aortic valve. Measurements of the aortic annuli and leaflets were obtained. The correlations between and the ratios of the specific root and leaflet measurements were analyzed. The references for the leaflet and root dimensions were suggested based on geometric height (gH) using a linear regression equation. The utility of the ratios was tested with CT images of 15 patients who underwent aortic valve repair. Result: The mean annulus diameter (AD), sino-tubular junction (STJ) diameter, geometric height (gH), effective height (eH), free margin length (FML), commissural height (ComH), inter-commissural distance (ICD), and coaptation height (CH) were 22.4 ± 1.7 mm, 27.3 ± 2, 0.4 mm, 15.5 ± 1.7 mm, 8.9 ± 1.2 mm, 32.0 ± 3.4 mm, 17.9 ± 1.9 mm, 23.1 ± 2.3 mm, and 3.1 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The gH/AD, FML/ICD, and eH/ComH ratios were 0.69 ± 0.07, 1.38 ± 0.08, and 0.50 ± 0.07, respectively. The gH correlated with all other leaflet and root measurements (P < 0.01), whereas the FML demonstrated a better correlation with ICD compared with gH (R2 = 0.75, and R2 = 0.37, respectively). The FML/ICD and eH/ComH ratios might be used to assess leaflet-root mismatch and post-repair leaflet billowing. Conclusion: The normal aortic valve measurements based on 3DCT revealed a specific relationship between the root and leaflets; and this will guide the development of an objective method of aortic valve repair.

[A new phenolic acid ester from solid culture of Colletotrichum capsici, an endophytic fungus from Paeonia lactiflora].

A new phenolic acid ester, 4'-hydroxyphenylethyl 4,8(R)-dihydroxyphenylpropionate(1), was isolated from an endophytic fungus Colletotrichum capsici of Paeonia lactiflora roots, along with eight known phenolic derivatives, tyrosol(2), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl acetate(3), methyl p-hydroxyphenylacetate(4), methyl m-hydroxyphenylacetate(5), 4-(4-hydroxyphene-thoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid(6), 4-hydroxyphenethyl methyl succinate(7), trichodenol B(8) and 4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate(9). Their structures were identified by a combination of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet(UV) spectroscopy and electronic circular dichroism(ECD) spectroscopy. Compounds 2-9 were isolated from this fungus for the first time.

Thermochromic Polyvinyl Alcohol-Iodine Hydrogels with Safe Threshold Temperature for Infectious Wound Healing.

Iodophor (povidone-iodine) has been widely used for antibacterial applications in the clinic. Yet, limited progress in the field of iodine-based bactericides has been achieved since the invention of iodophor. Herein, a blue polyvinyl alcohol-iodine (PAI) complex-based antibacterial hydrogel is explored as a new generation of biocompatible iodine-based bactericides. The obtained PAI hydrogel maintains laser triggered liquefaction, thermochromic, and photothermal features for highly efficient elimination of bacteria. In vitro antibacterial test reveals that the relative bacteria viabilities of Escherichia coli (E.coli) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incubated with PAI hydrogel are only 8% and 3.8%, respectively. Upon single injection of the PAI hydrogel, MRSA-infected open wounds can be efficiently healed in only 5 days, and the healing speed is further accelerated by laser irradiation due to the dynamic interaction between iodine and polyvinyl alcohol, causing up to ∼29% of wound area being closed on day 1. In addition, a safe threshold temperature of skin scald (∼45 °C) emerges for PAI hydrogels because of thermochromic properties, avoiding thermal injuries during irradiation. In addition, no observed toxicity or skin irritation is observed for the PAI hydrogel. This work expands the category of iodine-based bactericides for safe and controllable management of infected wounds.

Cryptobiosis-inspired assembly of "AND" logic gate platform for potential tumor-specific drug delivery.

Developing tumor-specific drug delivery systems with minimized off-target cargo leakage remains an enduring challenge. In this study, inspired from the natural cryptobiosis explored by certain organisms and stimuli-responsive polyphenol‒metal coordination chemistry, doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated gelatin nanoparticles with protective shells formed by complex of tannic acid and FeIII (DG@TA-FeIII NPs) were successfully developed as an "AND" logic gate platform for tumor-targeted DOX delivery. Moreover, benefiting from the well-reported photothermal conversion ability of TA-FeIII complex, a synergistic tumor inhibition effect was confirmed by treating 4T1 tumor-bearing mice with DG@TA-FeIII NPs and localized near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. As a proof of concept study, this work present a simple strategy for developing "AND" logic gate platforms by coating enzyme-degradable drug conjugates with detachable polyphenol‒metal shells.