A case of severe paraquat poisoning treated by continuous hemodiafiltration without sequelae.

Background: In a suicide attempt, a 49-year-old male ingested pesticides. He arrived at the hospital restless and vomiting blue liquid. Case Presentation: The patient was diagnosed with paraquat poisoning at a lethal dose and experienced renal dysfunction during treatment. He underwent continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF). Hemodialysis was temporarily initiated and found to improve renal function. He was discharged on day 36 in good condition. He remains well with only mild renal impairment and no pulmonary fibrosis, 240 days after the incident. The fatality rate of paraquat poisoning is approximately 80%, regardless of the treatment. Early hemodialysis combined with CHDF within 4 h has been reported to be effective. In this case, CHDF was initiated approximately 3 h after paraquat administration and showed a successful outcome. Conclusion: CHDF should be performed as soon as possible to treat paraquat poisoning.

[Giant cell arteritis diagnosed by a temporal artery biopsy without abnormal imaging and physical findings in an elderly patient presenting with fever].

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is considered in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in the elderly. We describe the case of an 83-year-old man with GCA diagnosed by temporal artery biopsy (TBA), who did not exhibit abnormal physical and imaging findings. The patient had fever and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), which had persisted for two months. He was examined and treated with antibiotics and antipyretic analgesics in a local clinic, but they had little effect. He was referred to us. He showed no abnormal physical findings. Image examinations, including ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and PET-CT, showed no abnormal findings. We performed TBA. The histological examination of the artery showed inflammatory cell invasion and rupture of the internal elastic membrane, indicating GCA. We initiated oral corticosteroid treatment. The patient's fever quickly disappeared and his CRP level returned to normal. TBA has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of GCA. However, TBA is an invasive procedure and the sensitivity depends on the operator's skill level. Recently, imaging examinations have frequently been used for the diagnosis of GCA. The sensitivity of imaging examinations is similar to that of TBA. However, our case did not show any abnormal imaging findings and was only diagnosed by TBA. This case suggested that TBA remains a useful examination for elderly patients with fever that persists for a long time.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case Report From Japan.

This study reports a case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Although MIS-C is currently not widespread in Japan, it is important to consider this syndrome, particularly when the patient is younger than 21 years and presents with fever and shock symptoms associated with COVID-19. According to the latest statistics updated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in early 2021, the total number of MIS-C patients is only 1659 and there have been no reports from Japan. Therefore, information to accurately diagnose MIS-C is needed. This study is the first case report of MIS-C in Japan, and it proposes information to identify this serious syndrome.

Effectiveness of cadaver-based educational seminar for trauma surgery: skills retention after half-year follow-up.

Aim: In Japan, trauma surgery training remains insufficient, and on-the-job training has become increasingly difficult because of the decreasing number of severe trauma patients and the development of non-operative management. Therefore, we assessed whether a 1-day cadaver-based seminar is effective for trauma surgery training. Methods: Data were collected from 11 seminars carried out from January 2013 to March 2014, including a 10-point self-assessment of confidence levels (SACL) for 21 surgical skills and an evaluation of the contents before, just after, and a half-year after the seminar. Statistical analysis was undertaken using the paired t-test at P < 0.0167. Results: A total of 135 participants were divided into three groups based on experience and clinical careers. The SACL improved in all skills between before and just after the seminar, however, they decreased between just after and a half-year after the seminar. The SACL did not change significantly in all skills between just after and a half-year after the seminar in highly experienced and experienced group members belonging to an emergency center. Conclusions: A cadaver-based seminar provided more self-confidence just after the seminar for participants at all experience levels. This effect was not maintained after a half-year, except in participants who can practice the skills at an emergency center. Practicing and participating in the seminar repeatedly is suggested to be effective for skills retention in trauma surgery.

Characteristics and trends of emergency patients with drug overdose in Osaka.

Aim: Drug overdose is an important issue in emergency medicine. However, studies covering overdose patients transported by ambulance have not been sufficiently carried out. We attempted to clarify problems of suspected drug overdose patients transported by ambulance. Methods: This is a prospective population-based cohort study. Data were collected by emergency medical service crews in Osaka City, Japan, between January 1998 and December 2010. Results: Drug overdose cases increased annually from 1,136 in 1998 to 1,822 in 2010 (P < 0.0001 for trend). In these cases, the dominant age range was between 16 and 40 years and the age distribution did not change over time. The age of non-overdose cases increased (P < 0.0001 for trend), with patients aged ≥66 years becoming most common in recent years, reflecting the aging of society. Males comprised most non-overdose patients, but the percentage of females increased annually (P < 0.0001 in trend). Females comprised approximately 70% in overdose cases annually throughout the study period. The duration from the emergency call to the arrival at the hospital for overdose patients has increased markedly in recent years. It also takes more time to obtain acceptance from hospitals to care for patients of suspected overdose. Conclusion: The characteristics of drug overdose patients are clearly different from those of non-overdose patients. Recent trends of drug overdose patients indicate the accelerated burden on emergency medical services system.

Saturated salt solution method: a useful cadaver embalming for surgical skills training.

This article evaluates the suitability of cadavers embalmed by the saturated salt solution (SSS) method for surgical skills training (SST). SST courses using cadavers have been performed to advance a surgeon's techniques without any risk to patients. One important factor for improving SST is the suitability of specimens, which depends on the embalming method. In addition, the infectious risk and cost involved in using cadavers are problems that need to be solved. Six cadavers were embalmed by 3 methods: formalin solution, Thiel solution (TS), and SSS methods. Bacterial and fungal culture tests and measurement of ranges of motion were conducted for each cadaver. Fourteen surgeons evaluated the 3 embalming methods and 9 SST instructors (7 trauma surgeons and 2 orthopedists) operated the cadavers by 21 procedures. In addition, ultrasonography, central venous catheterization, and incision with cauterization followed by autosuture stapling were performed in some cadavers. The SSS method had a sufficient antibiotic effect and produced cadavers with flexible joints and a high tissue quality suitable for SST. The surgeons evaluated the cadavers embalmed by the SSS method to be highly equal to those embalmed by the TS method. Ultrasound images were clear in the cadavers embalmed by both the methods. Central venous catheterization could be performed in a cadaver embalmed by the SSS method and then be affirmed by x-ray. Lungs and intestines could be incised with cauterization and autosuture stapling in the cadavers embalmed by TS and SSS methods. Cadavers embalmed by the SSS method are sufficiently useful for SST. This method is simple, carries a low infectious risk, and is relatively of low cost, enabling a wider use of cadavers for SST.

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus based on culture and PCR in inpatients at a tertiary care center in Tokyo, Japan.

We investigated active screening for colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on admission and weekly follow-up surveillance after admission to a tertiary care center (TCC) between June 2007 and 31 December 2007. Eleven percent (30/267) of patients were found to be positive for MRSA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or culture on admission; 5% (12/267) became positive during the TCC stay. The major primary diagnoses in MRSA-positive patients were pneumonia and cerebrovascular diseases. Twenty-two (52%) of 42 patients were found to be MRSA positive by both PCR and culture, compared with 19 (45%) of 42 who were PCR positive and culture negative. These findings suggest that active surveillance with PCR is highly sensitive and useful for the detection of MRSA colonization. To our knowledge, this is the first report of active surveillance of MRSA by PCR and bacterial culture in critically ill inpatients in Japan.

Successful kidney transplantation from donation after cardiac death using a load-distributing-band chest compression device during long warm ischemic time.

Donation after cardiac death (DCD) is increasing in importance as a potential source of vital organs for clinical transplantation. In Japan, the method of kidney procurement from DCD is one of the critical factors in successful deceased renal transplantation. The efforts to shorten the warm ischemic time (WIT), which is defined as the time from cardiac arrest to initiation of cooling in situ, or maintaining adequate renal blood flow during WIT by consistent chest compression are essential. We experienced one case of successful kidney transplantation using a non-invasive load-distributing-band chest compression device using AutoPulse (ZOLL Circulation, Sunnyvale, California), which is designed for use as an adjunct to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to maintain adequate aortic pressure. This is the first report of our experiences of successful kidney transplantation from DCD using a load-distributing-band chest compression device for maintaining renal blood flow during long WIT. We can speculate that this mechanical CPR device can become a bridge to deceased organ transplantation.