RESUMEN
The present study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of polysaccharide isolated from Ganoderma atrum (PSG-1) on liver function in type 2 diabetic rats. Results showed that PSG-1 decreased the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while increasing hepatic glycogen levels. PSG-1 also exerted strong antioxidant activities, together with upregulated mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) in the liver of diabetic rats. Moreover, the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were significantly higher in the liver, serum, and faeces of diabetic rats after treating with PSG-1 for 4 weeks. These results suggest that the improvement of PSG-1 on liver function in type 2 diabetic rats may be due to its antioxidant effects, SCFA excretion in the colon from PSG-1, and regulation of hepatic glucose uptake by inducing GLUT4 translocation through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Ganoderma/química , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/fisiopatología , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/sangre , Heces/química , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/genética , Glucógeno/análisis , Hígado/química , Masculino , PPAR gamma/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/fisiología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/fisiología , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to identify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the different flower development stages of Cananga odorata for the evaluation of floral volatile polymorphism as a basis to determine the best time of harvest. Electronic nose results, coupled with discriminant factor analysis, suggested that emitted odors varied in different C. odorata flower development stages, including the bud, display-petal, initial-flowering, full-flowering, end-flowering, wilted-flower, and dried flower stages. The first two discriminant factors explained 97.52% of total system variance. Ninety-two compounds were detected over the flower life, and the mean Bray-Curtis similarity value was 52.45% among different flower development stages. A high level of volatile polymorphism was observed during flower development. The VOCs were largely grouped as hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, acids, ketones, and ethers, and the main compound was ß-caryophyllene (15.05%-33.30%). Other identified compounds were ß-cubebene, D-germacrene, benzyl benzoate, and α-cubebene. Moreover, large numbers of VOCs were detected at intermediate times of flower development, and more hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols were identified in the full-flowering stage. The full-flowering stage may be the most suitable period for C. odorata flower harvest.
Asunto(s)
Cananga/metabolismo , Flores/metabolismo , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo , Cananga/crecimiento & desarrollo , Flores/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Odorantes/análisis , Análisis de Componente Principal , Microextracción en Fase Sólida , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisisRESUMEN
Chemical component of Hainan green coffee beans was analyzed with solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the discrepancy between two green coffee beans was differentiated through the spectrum database retrieval and retention index of compound characterization. The experimental results show that: the chemical composition of Wanning coffee beans and Chengmai coffee beans is basically the same. The quantity of analyzed compound in Wanning area coffee is 91, and in Chengmai area coffee is 106, the quantity of the same compound is 66, and the percent of the same component is 75.52%. The same compounds accounted for 89.86% of the total content of Wanning area coffee, and accounted for 85.70% of the total content of Chengmai area coffee.
Asunto(s)
Café/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , China , Microextracción en Fase Sólida/métodosRESUMEN
A novel degraded sesquiterpene, named aquilarin B (1), together with two known compounds (2 and 3), was isolated from the EtOH extract of the fresh stem of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR (HMQC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMBC, and ROESY). The cytotoxic activities of the three compounds against three human tumor cell lines K562, SMMC-7721, and SGC-7901 were evaluated, and compound 3 exhibited obvious cytotoxic activity.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Thymelaeaceae/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Humanos , Células K562 , Estructura Molecular , Tallos de la Planta/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Chemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the fresh stem of Aquilaria sinensis collected in Hainan Province of China resulted in the isolation of a new benzenoid, named aquilarin A (1), together with two known compounds balanophonin (2) and (+)-lariciresinol (3). Their structures were elucidated by a study of their physical and spectral data. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 and SMMC-7721 cell lines.
