Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for schizophrenia: a systematic review.

Background: The efficacy and safety of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) as an intervention for schizophrenia remain unclear. This systematic review examined the efficacy and safety of dTMS for schizophrenia. Methods: A systematic search of Chinese (WanFang and Chinese Journal Net) and English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library) were conducted. Results: Three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comprising 80 patients were included in the analyses. Active dTMS was comparable to the sham treatment in improving total psychopathology, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and auditory hallucinations measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and the Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS), respectively. Only one RCT reported the effects on neurocognitive function measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), suggesting that dTMS may only improve one Stockings of Cambridge measure (i.e., subsequent times for five move problems). All three studies reported overall discontinuation rates, which ranged from 16.7% to 44.4%. Adverse events were reported in only one RCT, the most common being tingling/twitching (30.0%, 3/10), head/facial discomfort (30.0%, 3/10), and back pain (20.0%, 2/10). Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that dTMS does not reduce psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia, but it shows potential for improving executive functions. Future RCTs with larger sample sizes focusing on the effects of dTMS on psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive function in schizophrenia are warranted to further explore these findings.

Historical trends of breast cancer burden attributable to metabolic factors among Chinese women, 1990-2019: A population-based epidemiological study.

BACKGROUND:  This study aims to analyze breast cancer burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in China from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used for attributable burden, and age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period and birth cohort. RESULTS: In 2019, the age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of breast cancer attributable to high BMI were 1.107 (95% UI: 0.311, 2.327) and 29.990 (8.384, 60.713) per 100 000, and mortality and DALY rates attributable to high FPG were 0.519 (0.095, 1.226) and 13.662 (2.482, 32.425) per 100 000. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of breast cancer attributable to high BMI increased by 1.192% and 1.180%, and the trends of high FPG were not statistically significant. The APC results showed that the age effects of high BMI and high FPG-mortality and DALY rates increased, with the highest rates in the age group over 80 years. The birth cohort effects of high BMI showed "inverted V" shapes, while high FPG showed downward trends. CONCLUSIONS: Age was the main reason for the increase of attributable burden, and postmenopausal women were the high-risk groups. Therefore, targeted prevention measures should be developed to improve postmenopausal women's awareness and effectively reduce the prevalence of obesity and diabetes, thereby reducing the breast cancer burden caused by metabolic factors in China.

[Value of transesophageal atrial pacing in neonates with tachyarrhythmia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of transesophageal atrial pacing (TEAP) in neonates with tachyarrhythmia. METHODS: The clinical data of 26 neonates with tachyarrhythmia who underwent TEAP electrophysiological examination or cardioversion were collected. RESULTS: Of the 26 neonates, 15(58%) were diagnosed with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, 3(12%) were diagnosed with sinus tachycardia, 3(12%) were diagnosed with ventricular tachycardia, 2(8%) were diagnosed with fast/slow atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, 2(8%) were diagnosed with atrial tachycardia, and 1(4%) was diagnosed with sinus tachycardia with ventricular preexcitation. Overdrive suppression was performed for 22 neonates, among whom 18 achieved successful cardioversion, and 2 with atrial tachycardia and 2 with ventricular tachycardia failed to restore sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: TEAP is helpful to the diagnosis of tachyarrhythmia in neonates and can bring about a high rate of cardioversion success.