[The markers of dysfunction of endothelium and cytokine profile in patients with metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity.]

The publications of Russian and foreign researcher are described the alterations of cellular and humoral chain of immunity under obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the presented facts are in many ways contradictory. The data concerning the level of markers of dysfunction of endothelium and indices of immune status in patients with isolated abdominal obesity is absent in available literature. At the same time, exactly abdominal obesity is an obligatory criterion of metabolic syndrome and adipokinins synthesized in visceral adipose tissue, induce homeostasis disorders and maintain sub-clinical chronic inflammation concomitant to metabolic syndrome. The article presents the results of study of markers of dysfunction of endothelium and cytokine profile in young patients of both gender with metabolic syndrome and isolated abdominal obesity. It is established that in patients with isolated abdominal obesity the level of markers of dysfunction of endothelium (angiotensin II, endothelin I-21, inhibitor of activator of plasminogen type I, inhibitor of tissue factor path, homocysteine) and cytokine profile (interleukin 1ß, 2, 4, 6,8, 10, monocytic chemo-attractive protein type I) have no differences with indices of healthy people. However, content of markers of dysfunction of endothelium is associated with level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (the level of inhibitor of tissue factor path correlates with concentration of interleukin-6, r= -0.964). in patients with metabolic syndrome it was established increasing of concentration of angiotensin II, inhibitor of activator of plasminogen type I, inhibitor of tissue factor path, monocytic chemo-attractive protein type I and interleukin-10. The content of angiotensin II and endothelin I-21 correlates with level of interleukin-6 (r=0.416 and 0.445 correspondingly) and concentration of homocysteine with content of interleukin-8 (r=0.0459).

Antioxidant Effect of Erythropoietin during Experimental Chronic Renal Failure.

The effects of erythropoietin (Epokrin, 900 U/kg) on the parameters of free radical oxidation in the plasma and lymphocytes of peripheral blood were studied in rats with chronic renal failure. We observed accumulation of primary (diene conjugates) and secondary (ketodienes, and conjugated trienes) LPO products in the heptane and isopropanol fractions of blood plasma and a decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in blood plasma. In lymphocytes, the concentration of primary, secondary and end-products (Schiff bases) of LPO increased in the isopropanol fraction of lipid extract. Treatment with erythropoietin was followed by a decrease in the level of primary and end-products of LPO in the isopropanol fraction of lipid extract of the plasma and lymphocytes and an increase in of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the plasma. The content of primary LPO products in the isopropanol fraction of the plasma progressively decreased with increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the plasma.

Effect of Erythropoietin on Lymphocytes Apoptosis in Experimental Chronic Renal Failure.

Recombinant human erythropoietin was injected intraperitoneally in a total dose of 900 U/kg to rats with experimental chronic renal failure. Suspension of lymphocytes from animals with chronic renal failure was used in vitro, erythropoietin was used in concentrations of 30, 15, 7.5, 3.75, and 1.88 U/liter. Intact cells (Annexin-5-FITC(-)/7-AAD(-)), cells with early signs of apoptosis (Annexin-5-FITC(+)/7-AAD(-)), cells with late signs of apoptosis and partially necrotic cells (Annexin-5-FITC(+)/7-AAD(+)), as well as cells with early signs of necrosis (Annexin-5-FITC(-)/7-AAD(+)) were differentiated by fl ow cytometry. It was found that the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes with early and late signs of apoptosis and necrosis increased in chronic renal failure. Erythropoietin at a total dose of 900 U/kg reduced the number of blood lymphocytes with signs of apoptosis and necrosis and thus elevated the number of intact lymphocytes. Erythropoietin in concentrations ranging from 1.88 to 30.0 U/liter dose dependently lowered the number of lymphocytes with early signs of apoptosis and the number of lymphocytes with the signs of late apoptosis and necrosis in vitro.

Effect of local application of epidermal growth factor on innate immunity and cell composition of destruction focus in experimental thermal injury.

The effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on innate immunity and cellular composition of the destruction focus in the third-degree (IIIA) burn (skin contact with an object heated to 100°C; 4% body surface) was studied in experiments on outbred albino rats. On days 7-28 after burn, blood count of phagocytes and their absorbing capacity and oxygen-dependent metabolism increased, which correlated with the increase in serum IL-1ß level and neutrophil count in the destruction focus. Local application of rhEGF led to earlier (on day 14) normalization of the count and functional activity of blood phagocytes and decrease in serum IL-1ß level and accelerated neutrophil and lymphocyte replacement with fibroblasts in the focus of injury.

[Effect of occupational factors on the immunological system condition of medical practitioners of clinical and laboratorial services].

Labor conditions, health and immune status of employees of clinicodiagnostic (biochemical and bacteriological) laboratories of medicoprophylactic institutions are studied. Syndromes of immunodeficiency are revealed, labor conditions and general and chronic morbidity rate among laboratories employees are interrelated.

[Cytokine status of cervical mucus in women with transitory and persistent course of papillomavirus infection].

AIM: Study the levels of cytokines in cervical mucus of women with transitory and persistent course of papillomavirus infection (PVI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Material from 122 women was studied: 32 patients in control group, 68 patients with transitory course of PVI and 52 women with persistent course of PVI. The presence or absence of high risk HPV DNA was confirmed by real time PCR. High risk HPV DNA was determined in scrapes of epithelial cells of cervical canal. Quantitative determination of cytokines (IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, receptor antagonist IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10, TNFalpha in cervical mucus was performed by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Transitory course of PVI was characterized by an increase of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, persistent course of PIV--by a decrease of IFN-alpha, IL-2 level was increased in both groups of patients with PVI. CONCLUSION: The outcome of PVI is controlled by interferon component of the immunity. Because of this during observation of patients with PVI the determination of IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma content in cervical mucus is an appropriate diagnostic procedure in clinical practice for the prognosis of risk of development of high risk PIV persistency.

[Immunological and microbiological aspects of low intensity laser effect on the factors of local immunity of the reproductive tract in women with chlamydia infection].

Assessment of immunological and microbiological efficacy of Chlamydia cervicitis management was made by a complex method with a low intensity laser. The total number of leukocytes, percentage of viable cells and the number of neutrophils were detected in cervical secrets. Functional status of neutrophils was studied by a content of lysosomes on the ground of spontaneous and induced by latex HCT-reducing capacity, phagocytic activity. A system of cytokines was studied by interleukine level (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-8) and IFN-gamma content in cervical mucus. Positive clinical effect of the local use of the low intensity laser for Chlamydia cervicitis treatment was accompanied by positive changes in immunological indices of cervical secret, normal concentration of cytokines in cervical secret, restoration of the number and functions of neutrophils. Local use of the low intensity laser contributed to decreased number of opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms and their associations, and restored local flora.

[Immunological indices in differential diagnosis of active and inactive chronic endocervicitis].

A total of 132 patients were examined for chronical endocervicitis by clinical, immunological and morphological methods. According to the results obtained the patients were subdivided into several groups. The first group covered 77 females with an active clinical somatic form of the disease. The second group included 55 patients with chronical inactive endocervicitis. Controls included 25 practically healthy females. No differences were found between immunological indices of peripheral blood in groups of patients with active and inactive forms of chronic endocervicitis. Immunological tests on cervical mucus in patients with chronic endocervicitis revealed differences in the total number of leukocytes, content of living cells, functional activity of neutrophils, concentration of immunoglobulins and proinflammatory cytokines. This study may contribute to the development of immunological criteria for diagnosis of inflammatory process activity as well as a diagnostic model.

[Anti-inflammatory cytokines of cervical secretions and the blood serum in women with genital infections]. / Protivovospalitel'nye tsitotoksiny tservikal'nogo sekreta i syvorotki krovi u zhenshchin s genital'noi infektsiei.

In cervical secretions of healthy non-pregnant women of the reproductive age high concentrations of ant-inflammatory cytokines, greatly exceeding those in blood serum, were detected. During pregnancy the level of TNF-alpha in cervical secretions dropped. The inflammation of the uterus neck was accompanied by a drop in the levels of IL-alpha and IL-1beta and a rise in the level of IL-8 in cervical secretions in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Similar changes in the cytokine profile occurred also in the blood serum, but they were less pronounced and could be observed only in non-pregnant women. The threat of the interruption of pregnancy, developing simultaneously with cervicitis, was accompanied not only by changes in the levels of cytokines in cervical secretions, but also by a perceptible increase in the content of IL-1alpha in the blood serum.

[Neutrophils and antioxidant activity of cervical secretion in women with the acute inflammation in the upper section of the reproductive tract]. / Neitrofily i antioksidantnaia aktivnost' tservikal'nogo sekreta u zhenshchin s ostrym vospaleniiem verkhnego otdela genitalii.

The functional activity of neutrophils, peroxidation products and antioxidative activity of cervical secretion in women with the acute inflammatory process in the upper section of the reproductive tract were under study. The most pronounced changes in the function of neutrophils were observed in women with the low antioxidative activity of cervical slime.

[Functional activity of phagocytizing cells of the female reproductive tract in inflammation of the upper part of genitalia]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' fagotsitiruiushchikh kletok reproduktivnogo trakta zhenshchin pri vospalenii verkhnego otdela genitalii.

66 women of reproductive age with different course of the inflammatory process in the upper section of the reproductive tract (endometritis and salpingo-oophoritis) were examined. The cell composition, viability and functional activity of the phagocytizing cells of cervical and endometrial secretions, as well as peritoneal exudate, were studied. The study revealed that these characteristics of the phagocytizing cells of the reproductive tract in women with the inflammatory process differed from similar characteristics in healthy women. Different changes in the functional activity of neutrophils and macrophages in the biological fluids under study in different course of the inflammatory process were detected.

[Local anti-infective protection of the reproductive tract in women of different ages]. / Mestnaia protivoinfektsionnaia zashchita reproduktivnogo trakta zhenshchin razlichnogo vozrasta.

Healthy girls and women of the reproductive age, as well as women immediately before and after menopause, were examined. Neutrophils and immunoglobulins of cervical and vaginal secretions were studied and, as a result, age-dependent differences in the activity of the anti-infectious protection of the reproductive tract of women were found.

[The local immunity of the genital system in pregnant women with a genital infection]. / Mestnyi immunitet polovoi sistemy u beremennykh s genital'noi infektsiei.

In 101 healthy pregnant women and 132 pregnant women with genital infection (colpitis, endocervicitis, cervicitis) the characteristics of the anti-infectious protection of cervical mucus were studied. In pregnant women with inflammatory diseases of the vagina and cervix uteri disturbances in the local immunity of the sex system were detected. The study showed that in genital infections local immunodeficiency depended to a greater extent on the localization and spread of the process rather than on the etiological factor of the disease.

[Changes in the antioxidative activity of blood serum in inflammation]. / Izmeneniia antiokislitel'noi aktivnosti syvorotki krovi pri vospalitel'noi patologii.

Local inflammatory process is associated with enhancement of blood sera antioxidative activity (BSAA). The latter phenomenon was demonstrated in rats exposed to burn injury and in man with chronic prostatitis (HP). BSAA increment seems to be intended for limiting of necrosogenic process in inflammatory focus. Adaptive character of BSAA increase is illustrated by results of separate experimental series which proved antiinflammatory and antihypoxic activity of central blood plasma antioxidant-caeruloplasmin.

[The differentiated correction of the local immunity of the reproductive tract by using lysozyme and immunoglobulins in pregnant women with a genital infection]. / Differentsirovannaia korrektsiia mestnogo immuniteta reproduktivnogo trakta s pomoshch'iu lizotsima i immunoglobulinov u beremennykh s genital'noi infektsiei.

Pregnant women with genital infection were locally treated with lysozyme and immunoglobulins. The use of these preparations was found to normalize the characteristics of local immunity, to influence the composition of the genital microflora and to lead to the disappearance of the clinical symptoms of the disease and to a decrease in the frequency of relapses of the inflammatory process.