Single-cell profiling reveals inflammatory polarization of human carotid versus femoral plaque leukocytes.

Femoral atherosclerotic plaques are less inflammatory than carotid plaques histologically, but limited cell-level data exist regarding comparative immune landscapes and polarization at these sites. We investigated intraplaque leukocyte phenotypes and transcriptional polarization in 49 patients undergoing femoral (n = 23) or carotid (n = 26) endarterectomy using single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq; n = 13), flow cytometry (n = 24), and IHC (n = 12). Comparative scRNA-Seq of CD45+-selected leukocytes from femoral (n = 9; 35,265 cells) and carotid (n = 4; 30,655 cells) plaque revealed distinct transcriptional profiles. Inflammatory foam cell-like macrophages and monocytes comprised higher proportions of myeloid cells in carotid plaques, whereas noninflammatory foam cell-like macrophages and LYVE1-overexpressing macrophages comprised higher proportions of myeloid cells in femoral plaque (P < 0.001 for all). A significant comparative excess of CCR2+ macrophages in carotid versus plaque was observed by flow cytometry in a separate validation cohort. B cells were more prevalent and exhibited a comparatively antiinflammatory profile in femoral plaque, whereas cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were more prevalent in carotid plaque. In conclusion, human femoral plaques exhibit distinct macrophage phenotypic and transcriptional profiles as well as diminished CD8+ T cell populations compared with human carotid plaques.

Check dam storage capacity calculation based on high-resolution topogrammetry: Case study of the Cutou Gully, Wenchuan County, China.

Debris flows are a common natural trigger of disasters in mountainous areas, and check dams are standard structural measures for controlling debris flows. Despite their prevalence in debris flow-prone areas worldwide, the capacity of check dams is still calculated using empirical formulas, which lead to large calculation errors. This paper proposes a new method that uses GIS to calculating the design storage capacity of a check dam in the debris flow-prone Cutou Gully in Wenchuan County, China. Large-scale digital surface models derived from unmanned aerial vehicle imagery and ground surveys identify local topographic changes in the debris flow path and develop appropriate maintenance plans for check dams. The measured storage capacity of the check dam is determined by analyzing the DEM differences. This study uses the newly proposed method to calculate the design storage capacity of the check dam. The accuracy of the calculation results was evaluated using the checkpoint method, and the results showed that the design and measured siltation surface errors ranged from -1.16-2.96 m, with a root mean square error of 0.93 m. The design capacity of the check dam is 33.6× 104 m3, and the actual capacity is 36.7× 104 m3, with an absolute error of 3.1× 104 m3 and relative error of 8.6%. The results prove the validity of the proposed calculation method; moreover, this study shows that the new method is accurate, easy to operate, and highly efficient for visualizing the spatial distribution of the siltation depth behind the check dam. This work will help improve future engineering decisions, design strategies, and find optimal design solutions to minimize the risk of debris flow hazards.

[Document: Chlamydia trachomatis: fundamentals of the importance of screening in the public health system]. / Documento: Chlamydia trachomatis: fundamentos de la importancia del cribado en el sistema público de salud.

The sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis has a high prevalence in Chile and other latitudes and is associated with serious risks to the reproductive health of those who become infected. Screening with self- collected samples and detection by amplification of nucleic acids is the most effective form of sanitary control. Until now, in Chile, the diagnosis and epidemiological management of C. trachomatis is not carried out in public health. The Ministry of Health of Chile is making important progress to start this implementation. The Medical Societies are committed to participate in this process to achieve effective control of this infection in our population.

Documento: Chlamydia trachomatis: fundamentos de la importancia del cribado en el sistema público de salud / Document: Chlamydia trachomatis: fundamentals of the importance of screening in the public health system

Resumen La infección de transmisión sexual por Chlamydia trachomatis, tiene una alta prevalencia en Chile y otras latitudes, y se asocia a graves riesgos para la salud reproductiva de quienes se infectan. El cribado con autotoma de la muestra y detección mediante amplificación de ácidos nucleicos es la forma más eficaz de control sanitario. Hasta ahora, en Chile, el diagnóstico y manejo epidemiológico de C. trachomatis no se realiza en la salud pública. El Ministerio de Salud de Chile está haciendo importantes avances para iniciar esta implementación. La Sociedades Médicas se comprometen a participar en este proceso para lograr el eficaz control de esta infección en nuestra población.

The sexually transmitted infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis has a high prevalence in Chile and other latitudes and is associated with serious risks to the reproductive health of those who become infected. Screening with self- collected samples and detection by amplification of nucleic acids is the most effective form of sanitary control. Until now, in Chile, the diagnosis and epidemiological management of C. trachomatis is not carried out in public health. The Ministry of Health of Chile is making important progress to start this implementation. The Medical Societies are committed to participate in this process to achieve effective control of this infection in our population.

Recanalization of a discrete atretic right pulmonary artery segment with a new radiofrequency system.

We describe a case in which a discrete atretic segment of the right pulmonary artery (due to a Blalock-Taussig shunt) was reconstructed using a new radiofrequency system, balloon dilation, and stent implantation in an 18-month-old patient. The shunt was coil-occluded. The technique and applications of this novel approach are discussed.

Reacción acrosómica e hipercolesterolemia: análisis de un modelo experimental / Acrosome reaction and hipercholesterolaemia: analysis of an experimental model

Se estudiaron los niveles lipídicos y proteícos del fluido uterino y oviductal de conejas blancas de Nueva Zelandia NZW hipercolesterolémicas y su relación con la capacidad fecundante de espermatozoides homólogos. Hembras hipercolesterolémicas en estro presentaron nivele aumentados de colesterol tanto en fluido uterino como oviductal, mientras los niveles de fosfolípidos aumentaron solo en fluido uterino, en fluido oviductal hubo aumento en la relación colesterol: fosfolípidos. Las proteínas totales no mostraron variación a lo largo del ciclo y del tratamiento. La cinética de la reacción acrosómica de espermatozoides controles, en medio capacitante para conejos fue la misma que cuando se utilizó fluido uterino u oviductal de hembras controles o hipercolesterolémicas como medio capacitante in vitro. El aumento de colesterol observado en fluido uterino y oviductal de las hembras tratadas, aunque fue estadísticamente significativo, respecto a los controles, probablemente no es suficiente para modificar el flujo de colesterol desde los gametos al medio y modificar así la cinética de la reacción acrosómica