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Background This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the temporal trends, predictors, and impact of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on outcomes among septicemic patients using a nationally representative database. Methods We derived data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the years 2008-2017 for adult hospitalizations due to sepsis. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and discharge to facility. The Cochran-Armitage test and multivariable survey logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results Out of 12,820,000 hospitalizations due to sepsis, 153,181 (1.18%) were complicated by DIC. The incidence of DIC decreased from 2008 to 2017. In multivariable regression analysis, demographics and comorbidities were associated with higher odds of DIC. During the study period, in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis decreased, but the attributable risk percent of in-hospital mortality due to DIC increased. We observed similar trends for discharge to facility; however, the adjusted odds of discharge to facility due to DIC remained stable over the study period. Conclusion Although the incidence of sepsis complicated by DIC decreased, the attributable in-hospital mortality rate due to DIC increased during the study period. We identified several predictors associated with the development of DIC in sepsis, some of which are potentially modifiable.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) are most important interventions for patients with severe CAP associated with respiratory failure. We analysed utilization trends and predictors of non-invasive and invasive ventilation in patients hospitalized with CAP. METHODS: Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data for years 2008-2017 were analysed. Adult hospitalizations due to CAP were identified by previously validated International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. We then utilized the Cochran-Armitage trend test and multivariate survey logistic regression models to analyse temporal incidence trends, predictors, and outcomes. We used SAS 9.4 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) for analysing data. RESULTS: Out of a total of 8,385,861 hospitalizations due to CAP, ventilation assistance was required in 552,395 (6.6%). The overall ventilation use increased slightly; however, IMV utilization decreased, while NIV utilization increased. In multivariable regression analysis, males, Asian/others and weekend admissions were associated with higher odds of any ventilation utilization. Concurrent diagnoses of septicemia, congestive heart failure, alcoholism, chronic lung diseases, pulmonary circulatory diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer were associated with increased odds of requiring ventilation assistance. Ventilation requirement was associated with high odds of in-hospital mortality and discharge to facility. CONCLUSION: The use of NIV among CAP patients has increased while IMV use has decreased over the years. We observed numerous factors linked with a higher use of ventilation support. The requirement of ventilation support is also associated with very high chances of mortality and morbidity.
