RESUMEN
Adipocyte-derived leptin enters the brain to exert its anorexigenic action, yet its transport mechanism is poorly understood. Here we report that LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1) mediates the transport of leptin across the blood-CSF barrier in Foxj1 expressing cells highly enriched at the choroid plexus (ChP), coupled with the short-form leptin receptor, and LRP1 deletion from ependymocytes and ChP cells leads to leptin resistance and hyperphagia, causing obesity. Thus, LRP1 in epithelial cells is a principal regulator of leptin transport in the brain.
RESUMEN
At the present time, no viable treatment exists for cognitive and olfactory deficits in Down syndrome (DS). We show in a DS model (Ts65Dn mice) that these progressive nonreproductive neurological symptoms closely parallel a postpubertal decrease in hypothalamic as well as extrahypothalamic expression of a master molecule that controls reproduction-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-and appear related to an imbalance in a microRNA-gene network known to regulate GnRH neuron maturation together with altered hippocampal synaptic transmission. Epigenetic, cellular, chemogenetic, and pharmacological interventions that restore physiological GnRH levels abolish olfactory and cognitive defects in Ts65Dn mice, whereas pulsatile GnRH therapy improves cognition and brain connectivity in adult DS patients. GnRH thus plays a crucial role in olfaction and cognition, and pulsatile GnRH therapy holds promise to improve cognitive deficits in DS.
Asunto(s)
Cognición , Disfunción Cognitiva , Síndrome de Down , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina , Trastornos del Olfato , Adulto , Animales , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Cognición/fisiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Síndrome de Down/complicaciones , Síndrome de Down/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Down/psicología , Femenino , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/farmacología , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/fisiología , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Hipotálamo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos del Olfato/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Olfato/etiología , Transmisión Sináptica/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reproductive and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age. PCOS has a strong heritable component, but its pathogenesis has been unclear. Here, we performed RNA sequencing and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of ovarian tissue from control and third-generation PCOS-like mice. We found that DNA hypomethylation regulates key genes associated with PCOS and that several of the differentially methylated genes are also altered in blood samples from women with PCOS compared with healthy controls. Based on this insight, we treated the PCOS mouse model with the methyl group donor S-adenosylmethionine and found that it corrected their transcriptomic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic defects. These findings show that the transmission of PCOS traits to future generations occurs via an altered landscape of DNA methylation and propose methylome markers as a possible diagnostic landmark for the condition, while also identifying potential candidates for epigenetic-based therapy.
