[Role of superoxide dismutase in acute pancreatitis: from antioxidant protection to gene regulation]. / Rol' superoksiddismutazy pri razvitii ostrogo pankreatita: ot antioksidantnoi zashchity do regulyatsii aktivnosti genov.

We present modern data on the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in antioxidant protection and gene regulation in acute pancreatitis. Antioxidant enzymes are essential in pathogenesis of numerous diseases. SOD is one of the key enzymes of antioxidant system. In this review, we analyzed activity of this enzyme depending on various factors, mechanisms and role in physiological and pathological processes, in particular, acute pancreatitis. SOD is significantly less active in patients with severe acute pancreatitis accompanied by renal failure, severe circulatory disorders and high mortality. There are some SOD gene polymorphisms, in particular, acute destructive pancreatitis R213G, contributing to acute inflammation. Thus, SOD is not only one of the key antioxidant enzymes, but also potential transcription factor regulating activity of signaling pathways. These aspects can underlie new therapies for diseases.

Antitumor effect of arabinogalactan and platinum complex.

The article presents the results of investigation of antitumor properties of platinum-arabinogalactan complex. We showed the ability of the complex to inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. It is found that the distribution of the platinum-arabinogalactan complex is not specific only for tumor cells in mice. The complex was found in all tissues and organs examined (ascites cells, embryonic cells, kidney, and liver). The mechanism of action of the arabinogalactan-platinum complex may be similar to cisplatin as the complex is able to accumulate in tumor cells.

[THE SPIRIT CHOLESTEROL, BIOLOGICA L ROLE AT STAGES OF PHYLOGENESIS, MECHANISMS OF INHIBITION OF SYNTHESIS OF STEROL BY STATINS, FACTORS OF PHARMACOGENOMICS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CHOLESTEROL OF LIPOPROTEINS OF LOW DENSITY].

The hypolipidemic effect of statins is realized by inhibition of synthesis of local pool of cholesterol spirit in endoplasmic net of hepatocytes. The cholesterol spirit covers all hydrophobic medium of triglycerides with polar mono layer of phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol spirit prior to secretion of lipoproteins of very low density into hydrophilic medium. The lesser mono layer between lipase enzyme and triglycerides substrate contains of cholesterol spirit the higher are the parameters of hydrolysis of palmitic and oleic lipoproteins of very low density. The sequence of effect of statins is as follows: blocking of synthesis in hepatocytes and decreasing of content of unesterified cholesterol spirit in blood plasma; activation of hydrolysis of triglycerides in palmitic and oleic lipoproteins of very low density; formation of ligand lipoproteins of very low density and their absorption by cells by force of apoB-100 endocytosis; decreasing in blood of content of polyenoic fatty acids, equimolar esterified by cholesterol spirit, polyethers of cholesterol spirit and decreasing of level of cholesterol spirit-lipoproteins of very low density. There is no way to eliminate aphysiological effect of disordered biological function of trophology (nutrition) on metabolism of fatty acids in population by means of pharmaceuticals intake. It is necessary to eliminate aphysiological effect of environment. To decrease rate of diseases of cardiovascular system one has to decrease in food content of saturated fatty acids and in the first instance palmitic saturated fatty acid, trans-form fatty acid, palmitoleic fatty acids up to physiological values and increase to the same degree the content of polyenoic fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids block absorption of polyenoic fatty acids by cells. The atherosclerosis is a deficiency of polyenoic fatty acids under surplus of palmitic saturated fatty acid.

The relationship between the pro-oxidant and antioxidant system status of patients with multiple myeloma and the disease stage.

Disturbances of the erythrocyte antioxidant system presented by LPO intensification were detected in patients with multiple myeloma. Plasma concentrations of MDA in these patients were close to normal due to effective work of the nonenzymatic antioxidant system. Activities of antioxidant enzymes in the plasma were reduced, while catalase activity was high, and ceruloplasmin content did not differ from the control, this indicating suppression of the enzymatic component of the antioxidant system. In erythrocytes, the level of reduced glutathione was low, especially at stage III of the disease. Changes in SOD and catalase activities were similar to those in the plasma, while activities of glutathione-dependent enzymes were comparable to those in normal human erythrocytes.

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in erythrocytes of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

For evaluation lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status of red blood cells, 150 patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma were examined. The content of conjugated dienes, MDA, and reduced glutathione and activities of SOD, catalase, and glutathione metabolism enzymes were determined. It was found that the balance between pro- and anti-oxidants in patients with kidney cancer differed significantly from that of healthy people and little changed during the observation.

Effect of magnetic fields on antioxidant system enzymes in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.

The combination of weak steady-state and weak low-frequency alternating magnetic fields activates SOD in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and catalase in liver cells by 3.7 and 1.3 times, respectively (p<0.05), which can result from enhanced production of ROS induced by combined exposure to magnetic fields with the specified parameters.

Lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes of women with benign and malignant neoplasms of the endometrium.

The content of primary and secondary products of membrane peroxidation, total cholesterol concentration, and relative microviscosity of erythrocyte membranes were measured in women with endometrial cancer and uterine leiomyoma. The content of conjugated dienes in erythrocytes was highest in female patients with malignant tumors of the endometrium. The relative microviscosity of erythrocyte membranes in patients with uterine leiomyoma and endometrial cancer was elevated in the zone of lipid--lipid and protein--lipid contacts.

Changes in the content of protein and lipid oxidative modification products in tumor tissue at different stages of lung cancer.

The content of LPO products (conjugated dienes, MDA) and products of oxidative modification of proteins (protein carbonyl derivatives) is reduced in tumor tissue in comparison with normal tissue and varies depending on the disease stage.

[Amplification of therapeutic effect after inclusion of hyperbaric oxygenation into complex conservative management of patients with recurrent pain syndrome following microdiskectomy].

Comparative analysis of results of conservative treatment of pain syndrome after diskectomy was performed. Analyzed patients were divide into 2 groups (main and control). In the first group barotherapy was used along with the standard conservative treatment. Preliminary results of comparative analysis of 2 groups demonstrated significant advantages of this method. Excellent and good results dominated in the main group over control group with difference 8.9% (p = 0.046). Oxidative status of organism was studied to verify our results. We relied on changes in parameters of peroxide oxidation lipids--antioxidation system to indicate effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation. Calculation of quantitative index of inflammatory activity was suggested to predict results of surgical treatment. Finally, the authors made a conclusion that barotherapy combined with standard conservative treatment is effective and pathogenetically reasonable method for treating patients with recurrent radicular pain after microdiskectomy.

Anthropogenic effects on changing Q fever epidemiology in Russia.

In the northwestern region of Russia (Leningrad province) cattle is proved to be the main source of C. burnetii infection in humans, both in menaced professionals and in formally nonmenaced groups. Liquidation of specialized cattle-breeding complexes (with their well-organized veterinary surveillance) and broadening of the circle of non-professionals that contact with agriculture or domestic animals infected with C. burnetii provide the prerequisites to Q fever spreading among various groups of population.

[Lymphocyte metabolism in patients with acute pancreatitis with different genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes].

In this study, we have investigated correlation between enzymatic activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases of lymphocytes and polymorphic variants of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) genes in the group of unrelated patients with acute pancreatitis in comparison with healthy Russians from Krasnoyarsk. Thus, genotype GSTM1 0/0 is the marker of predisposition to the acute pancreatitis, wheras polymorphism of the GSTT1 gene is not involved in the development of the pancreatitis, at least in our group. The bioluminescence analysis showed statistically significant decrease of the levels of G3PD, NAD(+)MDH and the increase of NADH(+)LDH, NAD(+)GDH, NADH(+)GDH in lymphocytes of pancreatic group. Development of pancreatitis in patients with different genotypes GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes showed the rearrangement of the basic intracellular processes: dominance of a plastic metabolism in the patients with GSTM1--deletions and predominance of energetic processes at GSTT1 0 - pancreatitis.

[The contents of ascorbic acid and its oxidized forms at the aging of red blood cells produced in conditions of the normal and intense of erythropoesis].

Levels of ascoroic acid, its oxidized forms, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and diketogulonic aci (DKGA), and the sum of all forms of ascorbic acid (SAA) were investigated in aging red blood cells produced under physiological and stress conditions (massive hemorrhage) Aging of red blood cells o intact animals is accompanied by accumulation of DKGA and decrease of AA, DHA and SAA concentrations. Comparison of these parameters between young and old red blood cells produced befor and after hemorrhage revealed decrease of AA concentration (52%) and accumulation of DKGA (27%) on the 7th day. On the 7th, 20th, 30th days after hemorrhage red blood cells are characterize by increased concentrations of DHA, DKGA, SAA with simultaneously decreased contents of the AA as compared with red blood cells of intact animals. Similar changes were the most pronounced o the 7th day; on the 20th day they decreased and on the 30th day they returned to control levels.

[Lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte membrane permeability in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i pronitsaemost' membran éritrotsitov u detei i podrostkov s sakharnym diabetom tipa 1.

The content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in erythrocytes and blood plasma as well as the specificity of erythrocyte membrane permeability (EMP) was studied in case of children and teenagers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with respect to a duration and compensation degree of the disease. Eighty-seven children and teenagers with IDDM, aged 7 to 16, and 23 age-matching healthy children and teenagers were examined. The MDA content in erythrocytes and plasma of sick children was found to be increasing yet at the disease onset and did not depend on a duration and compensation degree of diabetes. Erythrocytes of sick children had a lower resistance to the hemolytic action of urea and a higher permeability. As the disease duration was increasing, there was a higher EMP observed at earlier diabetes stages and its decrease with the progressing of diabetes.

Oxidative stress monitoring in biological samples by bioluminescent method.

The integral bioluminescent biotest with lyophilized fluorescent bacteria was used for monitoring of LPO processes in tissue extracts and serum of rats exposed to stress. A relationship between the content of MDA (LPO indicator) and fluorescence of bacteria was observed in all biological samples.

Effect of alcoholic intoxication on water content and activity of Na,K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase in rat brain.

We studied the effect of 2-week alcohol intoxication on water exchange and activity of Na,K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase in rat brain. Alcohol intoxication increased water content in the brain due to cell hyperhydration. It is assumed that hyperhydration results from increased Na+ content in cells due to inhibition Na,K-ATPase activity, which in turn is caused by activation of lipid peroxidation under the effect of ethanol. A possible mechanism of Na,K-ATPase inhibition.

[Plasma cortisol levels in the newborn infants with hypoxic and traumatic injuries of the spinal cord]. / Soderzhanie kortizola v plazme u novorozhdennykh s gipoksicheskim i travmaticheskim povrezhdeniem spinnogo mozga.

Adrenal glucocorticoid function was studied in 56 newborns with natal injuries of the cervical section of the spine and the contribution of the hypoxic factor to such injuries defined. The babies were examined by the cliniconeurologic and electron-neuromyographic methods in order to specify the level of the injury. Blood serum and umbilical blood hydrocortisone levels were radioimmunoassayed immediately at birth and on days 5-7 of life. Spinal injury at the C1-C4 level was associated with low hydrocortisone levels, that may be regarded as an additional criterion for the differentiation of the level of injury in traumas of the cervical portion of the spine in the newborns.