Isolation and characterization of native antagonistic rhizobacteria against Fusarium wilt of chilli to promote plant growth.

In the eastern coastal regions of Odisha, wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.capsici is an extremely damaging disease in chilli. This disease is very difficult to manage with chemical fungicides since it is soil-borne in nature. The natural rhizosphere soil of the chilli plant was used to isolate and test bacterial antagonists for their effectiveness and ability to promote plant growth. Out of the fifty-five isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy chilli plants, five isolates, namely Iso 01, Iso 17, Iso 23, Iso 24, and Iso 32, showed their highly antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici under in vitro. In a dual culture, Iso 32 (73.3%) and Iso 24 (71.5%) caused the highest level of pathogen inhibition. In greenhouse trials, artificially inoculated chilli plants treated with Iso 32 (8.8%) and Iso 24 (10.2%) had decreased percent disease incidence (PDI), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.3%, respectively. Iso 32 and Iso 24 treated chilli seeds have shown higher seed vigor index of 973.7 and 948.8, respectively, as compared to untreated control 636.5. Furthermore, both the isolates significantly increased plant height as well as the fresh and dry weight of chilli plants under the rolled paper towel method. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization identified Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MH491049) as the key antagonist. This study demonstrates that rhizobacteria, specifically Iso 32 and Iso 24, can effectively protect chilli plants against Fusarium wilt while promoting overall plant development. These findings hold promise for sustainable and eco-friendly management of Fusarium wilt in chilli cultivation.

Postharvest quality and ripening behaviour of un-explored genotypes of Himalayan plain mango diversity.

India is renowned for its mango diversity, with more than 1000 genotypes reported. However, the Himalayan plains bear some elite genotypes which supposed to bear high postharvest value, the systemic postharvest study of which is yet to be attempted. The aim of present study is to evaluate the postharvest quality and ripening behviour of these important genotypes. Thus, 15 un-explored mango genotypes of this region were selected and evaluated for ripening behaviour and detailed postharvest profiling via internal (total phenolic and total flavonoid content), nutritional attributes (Brix: acid ratio, total carotenoid concentration, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity), sensory evaluation, fruit softening enzymes (polygalactouronase, pectin methylesterase and lipoxygenase), shelf life attributes (respiration rate, physiological loss in weight and storage life in days) external attributes (fruit weight, fruit firmness, peel thickness, fruit shape and dry seed weight) and mineral contents (Calcium, potassium and phosphorous) under ambient storage (25 ± 4 °C and 65 ± 5 % RH). The results revealed that the highest total flavonoid content (682.40 µg g-1), ascorbic acid (46.88 mg 100 g-1) and antioxidant activity (4.84 µmol TE g-1) exhibited by 'Sukul'. The total phenolic content was recorded as the highest in 'Safed Malda' (510.42 µg GAE g-1 FW), and total carotenoid concentration was recorded as the highest in 'Sipiya' (7.30 mg 100 g-1) 'Zardalu' (7.04 mg 100 g-1) and 'Mithua' (6.98 mg 100 g-1). Interestingly, genotypes such as 'Sukul', Sipiya' and 'Krishna Bhog 'exhibited a 4-5 days higher storage life than other selected genotypes. Screened genotypes exhibited a high diversity of nutritional and biochemical contents. The results of this study bear practical utility for research (quality improvement programme) and the processing industry.

Evaluation of blood based quantitative PCR as a molecular diagnostic tool for post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL).

BACKGROUND: Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a consequential dermal manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), serving as a parasite reservoir. The traditional diagnostic approach, which requires an invasive skin biopsy is associated with inherent risks and necessitates skilled healthcare practitioners in sterile settings. There is a critical need for a rapid, less invasive method for Leishmania detection. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic efficacy of PCR and qPCR in detecting PKDL, utilizing both skin and blood samples and to assess the utility of blood samples for molecular diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: 73 individuals exhibiting clinical symptoms of PKDL and who had tested positive for rK39 rapid diagnostic test (RDT) were enrolled in this study. For the diagnosis of PKDL, both PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), employing SYBR Green and TaqMan assays, were performed on blood and skin matched samples. qPCR results using both TaqMan and SYBR Green assay, indicated higher parasite loads in the skin compared to blood, as evident by the Ct values. Importantly, when blood samples were used for PKDL diagnosis by qPCR, an encouraging sensitivity of 69.35% (TaqMan assay) and 79.36% (SYBR Green) were obtained, compared to 8.2% with conventional PCR. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest the potential utility of blood for molecular diagnosis by qPCR, offering a less invasive alternative to skin biopsies in field setting for the early detection of parasitaemia in PKDL patients and effective management and control of the disease.

MHC tetramer technology: Exploring T cell biology in health and disease.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramers stand as formidable tools within T cell biology, facilitating the exploration and comprehension of immune responses. These artificial molecules, comprising four bound MHC molecules, typically with a specified peptide and a fluorescent label, play a pivotal role in characterizing T cell subsets, monitoring clonal expansion, and unraveling T cell dynamics during responses to infections or immunotherapies. Beyond their applications in T cell biology, MHC tetramers prove valuable in investigating a spectrum of diseases such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Their instrumental role extends to vaccine research and development. Notably, when appropriately configured, tetramers transcend T cell biology research and find utility in exploring natural killer T cells and contributing to specific T cell clonal deletions.

Assessment of Postoperative Edema in Different Bone Graft Cases in Vertical Defects in Periodontal Surgery: An Original Research.

Background: To replace missing periodontal tissues in vertical defects during periodontal surgery, bone graft materials are frequently used. A frequent occurrence that can affect healing outcomes is postoperative edema. The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative edema in various vertical bone graft defects following periodontal surgery. Materials and Methods: 50 participants were split into two groups for a prospective study: Group A received xenografts, whereas Group B received synthetic grafts. Up to 14 days after surgery, baseline and routine postoperative edema measurements were made. Edema levels in each group were compared using statistical analysis. Results: At all postoperative time points, Group A showed substantially more edema than Group B (P < 0.05). Furthermore, edema persisted longer in Group A than it did in Group B. Conclusion: In conclusion, the substance of the bone graft used in vertical defects during periodontal surgery affects postoperative edema. Compared to synthetic grafts, xenografts caused swelling to last longer and at higher levels. To maximize healing results, clinicians should take these findings into account when choosing graft materials.

Comparative Evaluation of Quality Management Practices in the Public and Private Hospitals in Visakhapatnam District: An Original Research.

Background: In the Visakhapatnam District, this study compares the quality management procedures used by public and private hospitals. Knowing how these practices are similar and different from one another can help inform policy decisions and improve the quality of health care. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, and 100 hospitals from both public (50 hospitals) and private (50 hospitals) were included in the sample size. A standardized questionnaire that evaluated different aspects of quality management practices was used to gather the data. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests were used in the quantitative analysis. Results: Significant variations in quality management procedures between public and private hospitals were found. In terms of patient happiness, service responsiveness, and technological use, private hospitals scored better. Regarding accessibility, cost, and equity of healthcare services, public hospitals fared better. Conclusion: The report emphasizes the necessity of focused initiatives to improve quality management procedures in both public and commercial institutions. Collaboration between the two sectors can make it easier to deploy evidence-based tactics and share best practices to raise overall healthcare quality in the Visakhapatnam area.

Age and Gender Estimation Using the Osseous Microanatomy: Original Research.

Aim: This study was performed with the idea of assessing age and gender utilizing differences in osseous microanatomy in human jawbones. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively among human jawbone samples. Various morphometric assessments such as trabecular width, marrow space, and their corelation were studied. In the samples, variations among osteon numbers, differences in the shapes of the osteocytes of jawbones, and amount of inflammation in the bony areas were recorded. Results: It was noted in this study that mean values of the diameter of the Haversian canal and vessel density had a noteworthy increase in female jawbone samples. The amount of osteocytes in both female and male bone samples was also statistically significant in terms of the correlation coefficient. Conclusion: We concluded that more sensitive identification of human remains, that is, age and gender analysis, can be performed by histomorphometric evaluation of bone remains.

Correlation of ABO Blood Group Susceptibility to Disease Severity of SARS-COV-2: An Original Research.

COVID-19, the Ecumenical Pandemic that hit Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in 2019 has instigated an emergency situation all over the globe. Current scientific corroborations highlighted the role of zoonotic cross-over species transmission for the spread of the deadly virus SARSCoV2. The proposition of ABO blood grouping to susceptibility for various infectious diseases has been documented in the past since blood group antigens constitute polymorphic traits that are inherited among humans, therefore are frequent targets in epidemiological studies. Aim: To correlate the ABO blood group susceptibility to disease severity in COVID-19-positive cases among Indian populations. Objectives: Association of ABO blood group patterns to disease severity in COVID-19-positive cases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study design was conducted among 700 confirmed COVID-19-positive cases admitted to the tertiary health care center in Maharashtra, India. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Blood group 'A' positive was frequent (40%) in severe COVID-19 (E group) disease, and 'O' positive blood group was frequent in moderate COVID-19 disease (34.62%). Conclusion: ABO Blood grouping can be used as one of the efficient biomarker for COVID-19, thereby providing a new platform for therapeutic applications in the field of research.

Estimating the Effect of Genital vs Extragenital Warts on Immunocompetent Indian Adult Patients; Quality of Life: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Extragenital warts, often known as EGWs, affect between 7% and 10% of the population. Despite the plethora of research on the impact of genital warts (GWs) on "Quality Of Life", EGWs have received little attention. The purpose of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional investigation with the objective of contrasting the effects of GWs and EGWs on the health-related quality of life and other characteristics. Participants and Procedures: A cross-sectional clinical study was piloted at a tertiary care center. Participants in the study included two groups of healthy adults, each group consisting of 100 adult subjects. Those diagnosed with EGWs were included in group A, while patients diagnosed with GWs made up group B. The "Dermatology Life Quality Index" questionnaire was used to evaluate various parameters. Observations were compared for significance. Results: The majority of the subjects in both the groups were observed to have less than 10 warts. The Dermatology Life Quality Index score for the EGWs had an average of 8.66 ± 2.31 score; GWs had an average of 5.12 ± 3.25. This mean variance was statistically significant. The level of the dissatisfaction was highly significantly different among the groups and the subjects being more in the EGW group dissatisfied. Conclusion: The findings of this investigation indicate that EGWs have a significant and detrimental effect on the Quality Of Life. Medical experts must teach people how to prevent the disease's spread and recurrence due to its persistence. They must also consider the psychological and societal repercussions of the disease while discussing therapy choices.

Clinical Evaluation of Two Distinct Materials for Implant-Supported Interim Fixed Partial Prostheses: An Original Research.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of posterior resin implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs) made from two different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials: polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyoxymethylene (POM). Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients received a total of 49 interim implant-supported FPDs. The same participant received PMMA and POM as part of the control and experimental groups, respectively. The restorations were evaluated 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after placement. In addition, their functional wear and color stability were assessed. Nonparametric statistics (α = 0.05) were used to analyze the data. Results: The study found that PMMA outperformed POM in surface and color parameters, with more fractures occurring with internal conical connection implants. The color stability analysis showed ΔE*ab values of 7.18 for PMMA and 8.8 for POM, with no significant differences. After 6 months of operation, both materials showed a significant increase in wear, but no significant differences were found within the materials. Conclusion: The study found that PMMA interim implant-supported FPDs outperformed POM in surface and color parameters, while polymer posterior implant-supported FPDs with internal conical connection implants were more fracture-prone.

Platelet-rich Plasma as Effectiveness in the Treatment of Osteoarthrosis of the Knee in a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction: Osteoarthrosis (OA) is a condition that develops slowly but eventually causes considerable morbidity. Many medical specialties have employed platelet-rich plasma (PRP) since it is the best autologous biological blood-derived product, can be exogenously supplied to tissues, and releases high concentrations of platelet-derived growth factors to promote tendon, bone, and wound healing. This prospective research aims to clinically assess the effectiveness of PRP injection therapy for treating knee osteoarthrosis. Materials and Methods: A clinical prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center for a period of a year. Subjects older than 50 years were selected for both genders who had a symptomatic primary knee OA. PRP is administered to and evaluated in 80 patients with knee osteoarthrosis. Using the VAS and WOMAC questionnaire tools, primary data was collected. The observations were compared using the appropriate statistical tools while considering significance at 95%. Results: Eighty-four subjects participated in the study till the end of the study period of 3 months. All study participants filled out questionnaires before injection, eight weeks after injection, and 12 weeks after. The obtained scores for the WOMAC and the VAS were compared, and it was observed that after 12 weeks, the WOMAC scores lowered from 77 to 33 (P < 0.001) and the VAS scores lowered to 6 to 1.5 (P < 0.001) and these alterations were significant. Conclusion: According to the most recent research, PRP therapy is a less expensive and more straightforward therapeutic option for the management of knee pain in patients who have OA, and it has also improved patients' ability to participate in everyday activities.

Choice of Surgeons in Retractors used in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery: An Original Research.

Background: To ensure optimal exposure and enable precise tissue manipulation, cleft lip and palate abnormalities require surgical repair utilizing retractors. Different retractors may affect surgical outcomes; however, this is not yet evident. Examining surgeon preferences for retractors in cleft lip and palate surgery and assessing their impact on patient outcomes were the goals of this study. Materials and Methods: The patients who underwent primary cleft lip and palate repair were retrospectively analyzed. This study evaluated three widely used retractors: the Langenbeck, Gelpi, and Moult Mouth Gag retractors. This study looked at demographic information, surgical results (including scarring, aesthetic outcomes, and wound healing issues), and surgeon preferences for retractors. Results: The study identified differences in surgical outcomes related to various retractor types. Both Group A (Langenbeck retractor) and Group B (Gelpi retractor) demonstrated similar favorable results, such as little wound healing issues, less scarring, and pleasing cosmetic results. The wound healing issues, scarring, and cosmetic outcomes were all worse in Group C (Moult Mouth Gag retractor). Conclusion: Retractors were not always preferred by surgeons doing cleft lip and palate surgery. The type of retractor had an impact on the surgical results; the Moult Mouth Gag retractor performed less well than the Langenbeck and Gelpi retractors. These results highlight the value of using evidence-based criteria to select retractors more effectively and enhance surgical methods for better patient outcomes in cleft lip and palate repair.

Assessment of the Efficiency for Anesthesia of Two Agents in Teeth Removal: A Split-Mouth Research.

Aim: This study was intended to assess and relate the clinical anesthetic effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride and lidocaine. Methodology: A clinical randomized split-mouth study was piloted among 40 patients who were otherwise healthy but needed to have their maxillary first premolars extracted bilaterally for orthodontic reasons were considered in the research. In each subject on one side (quadrant) of the arch 1.8 milliliters of lidocaine was given and on other side of the arch 1.8 milliliters of tramadol was given. On the basis of a list that was prepared by a computer, the randomization was done and the sides (quadrant) of the arches were decided for all the subjects, and the injections were given as local infiltration. Results: Lidocaine was found to be statistically more effective for overall anesthesia duration, despite the fact that there was no significant variance between the two drugs at the time when anesthetic effect began to take effect. Tramadol was found to be statistically more efficient than lidocaine when compared to the anesthetic activity at the 5th minute before extraction. Tramadol was found to be statistically more successful than lidocaine for both the patient's degree of satisfaction and the rate at which wounds healed. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it appears that tramadol and epinephrine could be used as a substitute to conventional local anesthetics during extractions of maxillary first premolar teeth during oral-maxillofacial surgery.

Comparison of Different Betadine and Saline Combinations on Microorganisms: An Original Research.

Introduction: Pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity or a physiological microbiome imbalance can cause or maintain disease. Thus, this work examined a novel betadine-saline combination for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Materials and Methods: This study was in vitro. Betadine, saline, and their mixtures were tested for Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger (gram-negative). Pour plate and disc diffusion methods were used to test CFUs, DZI, and RZI for various agent combinations. Results: For Lactobacillus acidophilus, Betadine 90% + saline 10% had the greatest DZI and RZI at 24 and 12 mm, respectively. For E. coli, Betadine 50% + saline 50% had the highest at 16 and 8 mm. Betadine 60% + saline 40% had 14 mm RZI and the highest antifungal activity. Conclusion: The novel betadine-saline antibacterial and antifungal combination performed well. In vivo research should confirm the existing findings.

Effect of Sterilization and Irrigating Solutions on Nanostructure Alteration of Ni-Ti Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sterilization on the nanostructural alteration of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems in endodontics using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods: The study was performed on four commercially available rotary Ni-Ti files: group I-Vortex Blue (Dentsply), group II-ProTaper Next (Dentsply), group III-Mtwo (VDW), and group IV-iRaCe (FKG). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4), that is, subgroup A-control (new rotary file), subgroup B-subjected for five cycles of autoclave, subgroup C-immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes, and subgroup D-immersed in 17% EDTA solutions for 5 minutes. All the specimens were evaluated with AFM using roughness average (RA) and root-mean-square (RMS) values for surface roughness. Results: Among control groups, Vortex Blue showed the least RA and RMS values; the highest surface roughness was seen with Mtwo files. All the Ni-Ti rotary files showed a statistically significant (P <0.05) increase in surface hardness when subjected to autoclave and treatment with different irrigating solutions. In particular, 17% EDTA caused the highest surface deterioration in all the groups. Conclusion: AFM analysis revealed increased surface roughness values recorded for all the rotary files when treated with irrigating solutions and autoclave cycles.

Impact of the Habit of Alcohol Consumption on the Success of the Implants: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: A recent study has demonstrated that social factors have an impact on the condition of dental implants. The present investigation investigated how varied alcohol intake quantities might alter the condition of dental implants and related peri-implant inflammation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective research was piloted in a tertiary care center, and implants inserted between 2010 and 2022 were evaluated through a retrospective cohort analysis. Within 3 months following implant implantation, information on alcohol intake was gathered from the health maintenance records and employed as the predictor variable. The implant results as well as peri-implantitis were examined at follow-up visits. Using the logistic regression model, the Wald test analysis analyzed the statistical consequences of each parameter. The findings were translated using an odds ratio that was determined with a 95% confidence level. The data were generated and analyzed using descriptive statistics, with statistical significance defined as P < 0.05. Results: At the time of implant placement, the enrolled patients were 59 ± 11.3 years old on average. The median time before peri-implantitis occurred was 31.3 ± 22.2 months. Within the first 2 years following implant implantation, the majority of people experienced peri-implantitis. The incidence of peri-implantitis was the lowest among light and moderate alcoholics (11.5%) and the highest among heavy alcoholics (46.2%). Moderate alcohol use was associated with a 79.1% decrease in peri-implantitis when compared to not drinking (P = 0.0365), whereas light alcohol consumption was connected to a 51.3% decrease (P = 0.026). The incidence of peri-implantitis among heavy drinkers was significantly significant (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: According to the findings of the current retrospective cohort analysis, drinking alcohol at mild-to-moderate levels is connected to a reduction in the incidence rate of peri-implantitis compared to heavy drinkers. In contrast, high alcohol consumption was found to be associated with an increase in the prevalence of peri-implantitis among the participants who had dental implants.

Evaluation of Failure in Single-Piece Implant Systems: A One-Year Follow-Up Study.

Objective: This study's goal was to assess the failure rate and peri-implant complications of single-piece implant systems over the course of a one-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Patient records were examined retrospectively. 150 single-piece dental implants were analyzed. Clinical results, implant features, and demographic information were gathered. Implant failure, which is characterized as the total loss of osseointegration, served as the key outcome indicator. Patient satisfaction and peri-implant problems were secondary outcomes. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics. Results: During the one-year follow-up period, the failure rate for single-piece implant systems was 6.7%. The two main factors leading to implant failure were found to be poor osseointegration (60%) and biomechanical overload (40%). 20% of the cases had peri-implant problems, such as peri-implantitis. 85% of the panelists felt that single-piece implants had satisfied their patients. Conclusion: A 6.7% failure rate in single-piece implant systems was seen in this one-year follow-up investigation. The major causes of implant failure were found to be poor osseointegration and biomechanical loading. In 20% of the cases, peri-implant problems such as peri-implantitis, were noted. There was great patient satisfaction. These results highlight the significance of regulating occlusal forces, optimizing osseointegration, and applying preventive measures to ensure the long-term viability of single-piece implant systems.

Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Plating Systems in ZMC Fractures: An Original Research.

Objective: This study's objective was to assess and contrast the performance of several plating techniques in the treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures. Group A (Microplate System), Group B (Titanium Mesh System), and Group C (Absorbable Plate System) plating systems were the ones that were studied. Materials and Methods: With 10 patients in each group, a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with ZMC fractures was done. The following information was gathered: fracture reduction, stable fixation, complications, and patient satisfaction. Analysis was done on patient-reported outcomes, surgical outcomes, and demographic factors. Results: Group B (Titanium Mesh System) came in second with rates of 70% and 80%, respectively, while Group A (Microplate System) showed the highest rates of fracture reduction (90%) and stable fixation (100%). For fracture reduction and stable fixation, Group C (Absorbable Plate System) demonstrated rates of 80% and 90%, respectively. For Groups A, B, and C, the complication rates were 20%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. For Groups A, B, and C, the patient satisfaction levels were 90%, 80%, and 70%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, the Microplate System (Group A) is better than the Titanium Mesh System (Group B) and the Absorbable Plate System (Group C) in terms of fracture reduction and stable fixation when treating ZMC fractures. All plating systems had acceptable complication rates, and overall patient satisfaction ratings were high. Fracture features and patient-specific considerations should be taken into account while making individualized treatment options.

NIPAH Virus Encephalitis: Unveiling the Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: This study assessed Nipah virus (NiV) encephalitis epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and risk variables to inform treatment and prevention. Methodology: In a PubMed systematic search, 929 citations were found. After screening and eligibility, 22 studies were included. This study obtained age, gender, geographic regions, diagnostic methods, data collection methods, and bias risk. The case fatality rate (CFR) and NiV infection risk variables were evaluated by meta-analysis. Results: Southeast Asia, especially Bangladesh and Malaysia, had the most NiV cases. The major diagnostic method was blood and cerebrospinal fluid IgM and IgG antibody tests, and males predominated. Proxy respondents and matched controls were utilized for risk factor analyses when patients could not answer. The pooled CFR for NiV encephalitis was 61.0%, indicating severity. Risk factors included pigs, nighttime bats near homes, tree climbing, and male gender. Conclusion: Southeast Asian public health is plagued by NiV encephalitis. The high CFR calls for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. NiV's multiple risk factors must be understood for targeted therapy. Future research should fill knowledge gaps and improve NiV infection prevention.

Evaluation of Crestal Bone Levels using Simvastatin as an Adjuvant Around Immediate Implants - A Clinico Radiographic Study.

Objective: Simvastatin was used as an adjuvant medication in this clinico-radiographic investigation to assess the impact on crestal bone levels around immediate implantation. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial with 50 patients who needed an implant placed right away was done. Simvastatin was used as an adjuvant in groups ((Group A), whereas group (Group B)) served as the control group for the participants. At baseline and during follow-up visits, clinical measures such as probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured. At baseline and 12 weeks, radiographic measurements of crestal bone levels were taken. Results: At 12 weeks, Group A demonstrated a significantly lower PD and BOP than did Group B. Furthermore, at 12 weeks, Group A showed greater crestal bone preservation than did Group B. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that simvastatin use as an adjuvant medication after immediate implant insertion contributes to better clinical outcomes and greater crestal bone preservation. Simvastatin may be helpful in increasing bone regeneration, decreasing inflammation, and soft tissue healing. These findings demonstrate how simvastatin may be used as an additional therapy to enhance the effectiveness of rapid implant implantation operations.