Gut Microbiome and Small RNA Integrative-Omic Perspective of Meconium and Milk-FED Infant Stool Samples.

The human gut microbiome plays an important role in health, and its initial development is conditioned by many factors, such as feeding. It has also been claimed that this colonization is guided by bacterial populations, the dynamic virome, and transkingdom interactions between host and microbial cells, partially mediated by epigenetic signaling. In this article, we characterized the bacteriome, virome, and smallRNome and their interaction in the meconium and stool samples from infants. Bacterial and viral DNA and RNA were extracted from the meconium and stool samples of 2- to 4-month-old milk-fed infants. The bacteriome, DNA and RNA virome, and smallRNome were assessed using 16S rRNA V4 sequencing, viral enrichment sequencing, and small RNA sequencing protocols, respectively. Data pathway analysis and integration were performed using the R package mixOmics. Our findings showed that the bacteriome differed among the three groups, while the virome and smallRNome presented significant differences, mainly between the meconium and stool of milk-fed infants. The gut environment is rapidly acquired after birth, and it is highly adaptable due to the interaction of environmental factors. Additionally, transkingdom interactions between viruses and bacteria can influence host and smallRNome profiles. However, virome characterization has several protocol limitations that must be considered.

Acute infectious diarrhoea in children: new insights in antisecretory treatment with racecadotril.

UNLABELLED: In developing countries acute infectious diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes of death among young children, especially those under 1 year of age. In contrast, in industrialized nations the death rate is very low, although the disease is an important cause of morbidity and consumes substantial healthcare costs. A variety of viral, bacterial and parasitic organisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute diarrhoea. The primary objectives of treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea are correction of dehydration with oral replacement therapy (ORT) and maintenance of good nutritional status via food intake. With regards drug therapy antimicrobial agents are not usually recommended since the disease is generally self-limiting. Racecadotril is powerful and selective enkephalinase inhibitor and has emerged as a promising drug in the antisecretory therapy of acute infectious diarrhoea in children. CONCLUSION: There is encouraging evidence that treatment with racecadotril can provide clinically relevant symptomatic relief by reducing the severity and duration of diarrhoeal episodes. The drug is well tolerated and has a favourable safety profile. However, further comparative studies and cost-effectiveness analyses are needed to define the position of the drug in the management of diarrhoeal illness in children.

[Significance of nutrition in hospitalized children. Diet supplementation]. / Importancia de la nutrición en el niño hospitalizado. La suplementación de la dieta.

In numerous cases, the diet which we follow is incorrect; this can take on special importance when dealing with children, especially if the child is hospitalized. In order to ensure the no dietary deficiencies are produced, dietary supplements are available for use which may be administered by diverse means and which provide an effective, easy solution to employ to avoid malnutrition during childhood.