Subungual Keratoacanthoma: Typical and Atypical Presentations of an Uncommon Nail Tumor.

Introduction: Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a group of tumors of epidermal origin with controversial nature. Subungual keratoacanthoma (SUKA) is a rare and destructive variant with more aggressive behavior. SUKA appears as a rapidly growing, painful tumor beneath the nail plate that rapidly progresses to a mass that can measure up to 2 cm. The toe location is unusual. The diagnosis must be made based on the correlation of clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings. Case Presentation: We present two cases of patients diagnosed with SUKAs with different clinical presentations which ranged from very typical to uncommon one. Both cases were treated with simple excision without recurrences. Conclusion: SUKA is a rare subungual tumor. Nail bed location represents a more difficult diagnostic challenge. SUKA should be suspected in the context of persistent and progressive pain on a finger or toe, once more frequent painful tumors have been ruled out.

Apego Adulto y Soltería: Validación de una Escala / Adult Attachment and Singleness: Validation of a Scale

Resumen El apego es un vínculo afectivo que caracteriza y moldea las relaciones interpersonales cercanas. Los estilos de apego son el conjunto de conocimientos, expectativas e inseguridades que se sostienen sobre el sí mismo y los demás. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue elaborar una escala que evalúe el apego adulto no solo en el contexto romántico, sino con otros significativos, lo que permitirá el estudio de las personas sin pareja. Se realizaron tres estudios: en el estudio uno se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (n=400); en el estudio dos un análisis factorial confirmatorio (n=700). Se obtuvo una escala compuesta por 16 reactivos distribuidos en cuatro factores: preocupado, temeroso, evitante y seguro. La varianza explicada fue del 38.09%, con un índice de fiabilidad con un rango de 0.46 a 0.82 en los distintos factores. En el estudio tres se analizó la validez concurrente (n=201). En los tres estudios se encontraron diferencias entre las personas con pareja y sin pareja, puntuando más alto en seguridad las primeras y más alto en apego ansioso aquellas sin pareja. Se obtuvo una escala válida, confiable, culturalmente relevante que evalúa el apego adulto no solo en el ámbito romántico, sino con otros significativos.

Abstract The attachment is an affective bond that characterizes and shapes close interpersonal relationships. Attachment styles are the set of knowledge, expectations and insecurities about oneself and others. The aim of this research was to develop a scale with adequate psychometric properties, that allows to assess adult attachment not only in a romantic context, but with significant others in general. It will allow the study of groups such as single people. To address that aim, three studies were conducted in which men and women form Mexico City participated voluntarily. In study one an exploratory factor analysis was performed (n=400), in study two a confirmatory factor analysis was performed (n=700). As a result of these studies, it was obtained a scale compounded by 16 items distributed in four factors: preoccupied, fearful, dismissing, and secure. The explained variance was 38.09%, with a reliability index of 0.46 to 0.82 in the different factors. In study three concurrent validity was analyzed (n=201). Differences between people with a partner and single were found in the three studies, scoring higher in security the first and single people scoring higher in preoccupied attachment. It was obtained a valid, reliable, and culturally relevant scale to assess adult attachment not only in the romantic ambit, but also in relation to significant others like family and friends.

Immunity and COVID-19 vaccines. Revisiting the bases.

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the challenges of the 21st century; science and technology were put to the test for the development vaccines, diagnostic techniques and treatments in record time. However, misinformation and misinterpretation have made the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines a subject of debate. This review addresses concepts on immunization mechanisms and vaccination, as well as evidence supporting that COVID-19 vaccines are immunogenic, efficacious and safe.

La pandemia de COVID-19 es uno de los retos del siglo XXI; la ciencia y la tecnología se pusieron a prueba para desarrollar vacunas, técnicas diagnósticas y tratamientos en tiempo récord. No obstante, la desinformación y mala interpretación han hecho que la seguridad y eficacia de las vacunas contra COVID-19 sean un tema de debate. En esta revisión se abordan conceptos sobre los mecanismos de la inmunización y la vacunación; así como la evidencia que sostiene que las vacunas contra COVID-19 son inmunogénicas, eficaces y seguras.

Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome as a Complication of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus.

Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is an unusual complication that occurs secondary to trigeminal nerve injury. The insult to the nerve can lead to anesthesia, hypoesthesia, and paresthesias producing sensations such as burning or itching. The combination of both leads to repeated self-inflicted skin trauma in an attempt to alleviate these sensations, eventually leading to ulceration of the skin. We report a case of a 71-year-old male patient with a scalp ulcer who had an episode of herpes zoster ophthalmicus four months prior to presentation.

Inmunidad y vacunas contra la COVID-19. Revisando las bases / Immunity and COVID-19 vaccines. Revisiting the bases

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 es uno de los retos del siglo XXI; la ciencia y la tecnología se pusieron a prueba para desarrollar vacunas, técnicas diagnósticas y tratamientos en tiempo récord. No obstante, la desinformación y mala interpretación han hecho que la seguridad y eficacia de las vacunas contra COVID-19 sean un tema de debate. En esta revisión se abordan conceptos sobre los mecanismos de la inmunización y la vacunación; así como la evidencia que sostiene que las vacunas contra COVID-19 son inmunogénicas, eficaces y seguras.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the challenges of the 21st century; science and technology were put to the test for the development vaccines, diagnostic techniques and treatments in record time. However, misinformation and misinterpretation have made the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines a subject of debate. This review addresses concepts on immunization mechanisms and vaccination, as well as evidence supporting that COVID-19 vaccines are immunogenic, efficacious and safe.

Análisis de la producción y redes de colaboración en los programas de doctorado en psicología en Colombia / Analysis of production and collaboration networks in doctoral programs in psychology in Colombia

Resumen El objetivo de la formación doctoral es la generación y difusión de nuevo conocimiento, sin embargo, no es claro cómo los programas de doctorado en Colombia se relacionan con este tipo de producción académica. A partir de ello, en el presente estudio se presenta el panorama general de la producción académica a través de las instituciones de educación superior colombianas que ofertan programas de formación doctoral en psicología. La producción académica se obtuvo de la base de datos Scopus en una muestra de 13 universidades. Tras una búsqueda inicial, se encontraron 1345 documentos, con los cuales se realizó un análisis de los indicadores de productividad y de las redes de colaboración al interior de la disciplina en el país. Posteriormente, esta información se contrastó con la información nacional registrada en el sistema de Curriculum Vitae Latinoamericano y del Caribe (CvLAC) de 193 profesores asociados a las universidades que ofertan los programas de doctorado. Al comparar la producción académica nacional e internacional, se encontró una mayor correlación entre la dirección de tesis de posgrado y la publicación en revistas nacionales. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que el impacto de la formación doctoral en la generación de nuevo conocimiento es relativo y tiene un alcance limitado, siendo principalmente las revistas nacionales el medio de difusión de este conocimiento. Se recomienda evaluar el impacto de los productos asociados a la formación posgradual y la visibilidad internacional, con énfasis en las revistas indexadas en bases de datos internacionales.

Abstract The objective of doctoral training is the generation and dissemination of new knowledge; however, it is not clear how doctoral programs in Colombia relate to this type of production. Based on this, this study presents the general panorama of academic production across Colombian higher education institutions that offer doctoral training programs in psychology. The academic production was obtained from the Scopus database in a sample of 13 universities. After this search, 1345 documents were found with which an analysis was made regarding productivity indicators and the collaboration networks within the discipline in the country were identified. Subsequently, this information was contrasted with the national information registered in the Latin American and Caribbean Curriculum Vitae system (CvLAC) of 193 professors associated with the universities offering doctoral programs. As a result, when comparing national and international academic production, a greater correlation is found between the supervision of graduate theses and publication in national journals. In this sense, it is found that the impact of doctoral training on the generation of new knowledge is relative and has a limited scope, being mainly national journals the means of dissemination of this knowledge. It is recommended to evaluate the impact of products associated with postgraduate training and international visibility, with emphasis on indexed journals in international databases.

Avaliação da Saúde Ocular de Crianças da Educação Infantil em uma Creche: Tecendo Laços entre Educação e Saúde / Evaluation of Children's Eye Health in a Kindergarten: Weaving Ties Between Education and Health

Objetivo: Avaliar a acuidade visual de crianças da educação infantil em um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI) do município de Teresina-PI. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo, do tipo observacional, descritivo e transversal. Participaram do estudo 75 pré-escolares que estavam matriculados e frequentando regularmente a CMEI do bairro analisado, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos de idade, sendo obtida prévia autorização dos pais/responsáveis. Foi realizada a avaliação da acuidade visual por meio do Teste de Snellen adaptado para a faixa etária estudada. Resultados: Foi constatada baixa acuidade visual em 2 crianças do sexo feminino (2,66%) e 1 criança (1,33%) do sexo masculino, portanto, não havendo diferença expressiva quanto ao sexo. Foram observadas ainda a presença de sinais e sintomas que indicam a necessidade de consulta oftalmológica mais aprofundada em cerca de 7%, devido alterações constatadas não somente pelo Teste de Snellen, mas também pela presença de sinais e sintomas indicativos de encaminhamento como o estrabismo e dor ocular em dois pré-escolares. Conclusões: A avaliação visual realizada permitiu avaliar a acuidade visual dos pré-escolares e assim contribuiu para a possibilidade de um diagnóstico de baixa acuidade visual das crianças avaliadas e seu posterior encaminhamento visando tratamento adequado, refletindo também na conscientização de pais/responsáveis e a necessidade de instituição efetiva de laços que aproximem a Estratégia de Saúde da Família e CMEI.

Acne Necrotica in a Woman With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Sclerosis.

We report the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented to the outpatient dermatology clinic with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and primary hypothyroidism. She complained of a one-year history of cutaneous lesions that were pruriginous and evolved into crusts and weeks later resolved with varioliform scarring. Clinicopathological correlation established a diagnosis of acne necrotica varioliformis. This report highlights the clues and pitfalls in its diagnosis and reviews associated systemic diseases.

Painful nails: A practical approach to the diagnosis and management of painful nail conditions.

Because several nail disorders share similar clinical features, their diagnosis and management can be challenging to clinicians. The physical examination may disclose localized abnormalities or point to an underlying systemic disease, requiring additional workup. Furthermore, cosmetic distress and nail-related symptoms (e.g., tingling, stinging, numbness, and pain) are common factors that influence the patient's search for medical assistance. Nail pain (i.e., onychalgia) can accompany both localized and systemic pathology. Onychalgia can be acute or chronic according to the time of evolution; patients may describe it as intermittent or constant, and as a throbbing, burning, sharp, or shooting sensation denoting the nature of the pain. It may be exacerbated by colder temperatures, touch, and increased activity (e.g., manipulating objects, walking). We present four main groups of conditions that might cause nail pain: nail tumors, nail deformities, inflammatory or infectious diseases, and external or traumatic agents. Our article includes an overview of the clinical features, as well as diagnosis and management pearls for each entity. Physicians (dermatologists and nondermatologists) should be aware that abnormalities of the ungual and subungual space are not exclusive of dermatological disorders but may also be present in noncutaneous contexts.

Factores asociados con el cumplimiento de la medicación y el tratamiento sin medicación en pacientes hipertensos / Factors associated with adherence to medication and non-medication treatment in hypertensive patients

Introducción: El enfoque terapéutico para la presión arterial alta incluye medidas no farmacológicas y farmacológicas. La no adherencia al tratamiento es uno de los desafíos más importantes para la salud pública. Objetivo: Caracterizar los factores asociados con la adherencia a la medicación y el tratamiento sin medicación de pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Este es un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal realizado en una Unidad Básica de Salud en la ciudad de Teresina- Piauí/Brasil con 160 pacientes hipertensos. Los datos se recopilaron de febrero a julio de 2019 mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado que contiene preguntas relacionadas con los aspectos socioeconómicos y demográficos, el tratamiento sin medicamentos, la verificación de la presión arterial y el conocimiento de los antihipertensivos en uso. Para el análisis de los datos, se consideró la prueba de chi-cuadrado con una significación del 95 por ciento considerando las pruebas de independencia 2x2 en la combinación de variables. Resultados: La muestra consistió en mujeres, ancianos, jubilados, con ingresos salariales entre uno y dos salarios mínimos. La principal modificación de estilo de vida adoptada fue la abstención del consumo de alcohol y tabaco. La mayoría afirmó que verificaban la presión arterial de forma rutinaria (57,5 por ciento), que tenían conocimiento sobre la medicación antihipertensiva en uso (68 por ciento) y que estaban satisfechos con la atención establecida en la unidad básica de salud (78,75 por ciento). Conclusión: La población hipertensa estudiada se adhiere parcialmente al tratamiento recomendado(AU)

Introdução: A abordagem terapêutica da pressão arterial elevada inclui medidas não medicamentosas e medidas farmacológicas. A não adesão ao tratamento é um dos mais importantes desafios para a saúde pública. Objetivo: Caracterizar os fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso de pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Teresina- Piauí/Brasil com 160 hipertensos. Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a julho de 2019, por meio da aplicação de questionário semi-estruturado contendo questões relativas a aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos, tratamento não medicamentoso, verificação da pressão arterial e conhecimento dos anti-hipertensivos em uso. Para a análise dos dados foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado com significância de 95 porcento, considerando testes de independência 2x2 na combinação das variáveis. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída em sua maioria por mulheres, idosas, aposentadas, com renda salarial entre um e dois salários mínimos. As principais modificações de estilo de vida adotadas foram a abstenção do uso de álcool e tabaco. A maioria afirmou verificar a PA rotineiramente (57,50 porcento), ter conhecimento sobre o medicamento anti-hipertensivo em uso (68 porcento) e estarem satisfeitas com o atendimento estabelecido na Unidade Básica de Saúde (78,75 porcento). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a população hipertensa estudada adere parcialmente ao tratamento recomendado(AU)

Introduction: The therapeutic approach to high blood pressure includes non-drug and pharmacological measures. Non-adherence to treatment is one of the greatest, and consequently one of the most important challenges for public health. Objective: To characterize the factors associated with adherence to medication and non-medication treatment of hypertensive patients. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study conducted in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Teresina- Piauí with 160 hypertensive patients. The data were collected from February to July 2019 by applying a semi-structured questionnaire containing questions related to socioeconomic and demographic aspects, non-drug treatment, blood pressure verification and knowledge of antihypertensives in use. For the data analysis, the chi-square test with significance of 95 percent was considered considering 2x2 independence tests in the combination of variables. Results: The sample consisted of women, elderly, retired, with wage income between one and two minimum wages. The main lifestyle modification adopted was abstention from alcohol and tobacco use. Most stated that they routinely check blood pressure (57,50 percent), have knowledge about the antihypertensive medication in use (68,00 percent) and are satisfied with the care established at the basic health unit (78,75 percent). Conclusion: The hypertensive population studied partially adheres to the recommended treatment(AU)

An Uncommon Presentation of Pyogenic Granuloma.

Benign vascular neoplasms are common clinical problems encountered in the practice of primary care. Pyogenic granulomas are one of the most common benign vascular lesions in young adults. Although the physiopathological mechanism for the development of this condition is still not well understood, it has been commonly associated with several triggers such as treatment with retinoids, biological agents, invasive cutaneous therapies and trauma. The development of pyogenic granulomas on sites of vascular malformations like port wine stains has been described in the literature to occur rarely. Most of these types of cases have been studied to occur in the setting of pregnancy and after cryotherapy or pulsated laser therapy. The aim of this article is to present the case of a 21-year-old man with a recent appearance of a pyogenic granuloma within an underlying port wine stain in the posterior cervical region without any history of triggers or risk factors. Excision of the vascular lesion was done, and histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis. The objective of this manuscript is to discuss the possible mechanisms involved in the development of this uncommon presentation and to summarize the current literature related to this clinical scenario.

Refined cut-off for TP53 immunohistochemistry improves prediction of TP53 mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors: implications for outcome analyses.

TP53 mutations are implicated in the progression of mucinous borderline tumors (MBOT) to mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOC). Optimized immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TP53 has been established as a proxy for the TP53 mutation status in other ovarian tumor types. We aimed to confirm the ability of TP53 IHC to predict TP53 mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors and to evaluate the association of TP53 mutation status with survival among patients with MBOT and MOC. Tumor tissue from an initial cohort of 113 women with MBOT/MOC was stained with optimized IHC for TP53 using tissue microarrays (75.2%) or full sections (24.8%) and interpreted using established criteria as normal or abnormal (overexpression, complete absence, or cytoplasmic). Cases were considered concordant if abnormal IHC staining predicted deleterious TP53 mutations. Discordant tissue microarray cases were re-evaluated on full sections and interpretational criteria were refined. The initial cohort was expanded to a total of 165 MBOT and 424 MOC for the examination of the association of survival with TP53 mutation status, assessed either by TP53 IHC and/or sequencing. Initially, 82/113 (72.6%) cases were concordant using the established criteria. Refined criteria for overexpression to account for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation improved concordance to 93.8% (106/113). In the expanded cohort, 19.4% (32/165) of MBOT showed evidence for TP53 mutation and this was associated with a higher risk of recurrence, disease-specific death, and all-cause mortality (overall survival: HR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.5-14.3, p = 0.0087). Within MOC, 61.1% (259/424) harbored a TP53 mutation, but this was not associated with survival (overall survival, p = 0.77). TP53 IHC is an accurate proxy for TP53 mutation status with refined interpretation criteria accounting for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation in ovarian mucinous tumors. TP53 mutation status is an important biomarker to identify MBOT with a higher risk of mortality.

Effects of heparinoid bridging in patients with mechanical heart valves.

BACKGROUND: Patients with mechanical heart valves (MHVs) require long-term oral anticoagulation therapy to protect against thromboembolisms. Invasive procedures with high bleeding risks require oral anticoagulation therapy cessation. Currently, guidelines recommend the use of either subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin or intravenous unfractionated heparin in the perioperative period. It is unclear whether the evidence supports the use of one heparinoid over the other. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin bridging based on the adverse outcomes of thromboembolisms, major bleeding, and death during the perioperative period. DATE SOURCES: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Five studies comparing the two bridging therapies in chronically anticoagulated MHV patients met the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: No statistical significance was found for the endpoints of thromboembolism and death. One study found a statistically significant higher occurrence of major bleeding in patients treated with unfractionated heparin. In all the studies, major bleeding occurred more often than thromboembolisms. Findings were limited by the study designs and methodologies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Based on the available evidence, neither low-molecular-weight heparin nor intravenous heparin bridging was found to be more effective in reducing the occurrence of adverse events. This may be due in part to the study designs and lack of standardized bridging protocols used in the studies reviewed. Nurse practitioners should remain informed about bridging protocols and weigh the risk versus benefit of each bridging agent when caring for patients with MHVs.

Decision Process in Treatment of Reduced Periodontium: A Case Report.

The relationship between attachment loss and occlusal trauma has been debated for many years. When a patient presents with advanced periodontal disease, a decision has to be made on whether the teeth can be saved or extracted. In this treatment example, the decision process in therapeutic planning for a patient with stage IV periodontal disease is discussed. The main dilemma is whether the patient should receive a prosthodontic reconstruction supported by osseointegrated implants or by periodontally compromised natural teeth. It is assumed that implants do better than teeth over the long term based on firm documentation in the literature, but this article describes why a periodontal prosthesis is still a viable treatment option.

Valor nutricional del almuerzo ofrecido por una organización no gubernamental a niños(as) de 4 a 12 años de edad en zonas urbano marginales de San José, Costa Rica, 2017-2018 / Nutritional value of the lunch offered by a non-governmental organization to children between 4 and 12 years of age in marginal urban areas of San José, Costa Rica, 2017-2018

RESUMEN Propósito: La inexistencia de datos a nivel nacional y regional sobre el valor nutricional (VN) de la alimentación ofrecida en comedores comunitarios dirigidos por Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG), que atienden población infantil de zonas urbano marginales, junto con el incremento en la prevalencia de exceso de peso reportada por el Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP) en el 2016, justifican el estudio del VN del almuerzo servido a niños(as), que participan en programas de alimentación complementaria en zonas urbano marginales de San José, Costa Rica. Método: Se analizaron mediante muestreo aleatorio 321 platos de almuerzo, durante 12 días en dos comedores. Se reconstruyeron recetas y se determinaron tamaños de porción mediante pesaje directo y se calculó el VN promedio por plato. Resultados: El valor energético fue cercano a la recomendación nutricional. Sin embargo, valores de proteína, grasa total, grasa insaturada, fibra dietética, calcio y potasio fueron inferiores a las recomendaciones y por el contrario, carbohidratos totales, azúcar agregada, grasa saturada y sodio fueron superiores a la recomendación nacional. Conclusión: No es suficiente ofrecer un aporte adecuado de energía. Los excesos y deficiencias de nutrientes reflejan un patrón alimentario obesogénico que suma vulnerabilidad a la condición de pobreza y pobreza extrema de la población infantil de zonas urbano-marginales.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The lack of data at a national and regional level regarding the nutritional value (NV) of the food offered in community feeding programs run by Non-Governmental Organizations, which serve the population of marginal urban areas (an important indicator of infant health), along with the increase in the prevalence of excess weight reported in 2016 by the Ministry of Public Education of Costa Rica, justifies the study of the NV of the lunch served to preschool and school-aged children, who participate in complementary feeding programs in marginal urban areas of San José, Costa Rica. Method: 321 meals served were analyzed over 12 days, in 2 food services. Recipes were reconstructed, and portion sizes were determined by direct weighing of food served and the average NV per dish was calculated. Results: The energy value of the lunch served was similar to the nutritional recommendation. However, for the values of protein, total fat, unsaturated fat, dietary fiber, calcium and potassium which were lower than the nutritional recommendation and on the contrary, the content of total carbohydrates, added sugar, saturated fat and sodium was excessive. Conclusion: It is not enough to offer minors an adequate energy amount. Nutrient excesses and deficiencies reflect an obesogenic food pattern, which adds vulnerability to the condition of poverty and extreme poverty of the child population of marginalized urban areas.

Analysis of DNA methylation in endometrial biopsies to predict risk of endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether analysis of methylated DNA in benign endometrial biopsy (EB) specimens is associated with risk of endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS: We identified 23 women with EBs performed at Mayo Clinic diagnosed as normal (n = 14) or hyperplasia (n = 9) and who later developed endometrial cancer after a median interval of 1 year. Cases were matched 1:1 with patients with benign EBs who did not develop EC (controls) by histology of benign EB (normal endometrium vs. endometrial hyperplasia without atypia), date of EB, age at EB, and length of post-biopsy follow-up. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues underwent pyrosequencing to determine percent methylation of promoter region CpGs at 26 loci in 4 genes (ADCYAP1, HAND2, MME, RASSF1A) previously reported as methylated in EC. RESULTS: After pathologic review, 23 matched pairs of cases and controls were identified (14 normal, 9 hyperplasia without atypia per group). Among cases, median time from benign EB to EC was 1 year (range 2 days - 9.2 years). We evaluated 26 CpG sites within 4 genes and found a consistent trend of increasing percentage of methylation from control to case to EC for all CpGs. At the gene-level, mean methylation events of ADCYAP1 and HAND2 in cases were significantly higher than control (p = 0.015 and p = 0.021, respectively). Though the other genes did not reach statistical significance, we observed an increased methylation trend among all genes. Area-under-curve (AUC) calculations (predicting future development of EC in the setting of benign EB) for ADCYAP1 and HAND2 were 0.71 (95% CI 0.55-0.88) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.64-1, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-principle study provides evidence that specific methylation patterns in benign EB correlate with future development of EC.

Therapeutic options for mucinous ovarian carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is an uncommon ovarian cancer histotype that responds poorly to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Although long overall survival outcomes can occur with early detection and optimal surgical resection, recurrent and advanced disease are associated with extremely poor survival. There are no current guidelines specifically for the systemic management of recurrent MOC. We analyzed data from a large cohort of women with MOC to evaluate the potential for clinical utility from a range of systemic agents. METHODS: We analyzed gene copy number (n = 191) and DNA sequencing data (n = 184) from primary MOC to evaluate signatures of mismatch repair deficiency and homologous recombination deficiency, and other genetic events. Immunohistochemistry data were collated for ER, CK7, CK20, CDX2, HER2, PAX8 and p16 (n = 117-166). RESULTS: Molecular aberrations noted in MOC that suggest a match with current targeted therapies include amplification of ERBB2 (26.7%) and BRAF mutation (9%). Observed genetic events that suggest potential efficacy for agents currently in clinical trials include: KRAS/NRAS mutations (66%), TP53 missense mutation (49%), RNF43 mutation (11%), ARID1A mutation (10%), and PIK3CA/PTEN mutation (9%). Therapies exploiting homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) may not be effective in MOC, as only 1/191 had a high HRD score. Mismatch repair deficiency was similarly rare (1/184). CONCLUSIONS: Although genetically diverse, MOC has several potential therapeutic targets. Importantly, the lack of response to platinum-based therapy observed clinically corresponds to the lack of a genomic signature associated with HRD, and MOC are thus also unlikely to respond to PARP inhibition.