Dimethyl Fumarate Limits Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress and Improves Cognitive Impairment After Polymicrobial Sepsis.

Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, often associated with acute central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, which results in long-term cognitive impairment. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an important agent against inflammatory response and reactive species in CNS disorders. Evaluate the effect of DMF on acute and long-term brain dysfunction after experimental sepsis in rats. Male Wistar rats were submitted to the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. The groups were divided into sham (control) + vehicle, sham + NAC, sham + DMF, CLP + vehicle, CLP + NAC, and CLP + DMF. The animals were treated with DMF (15 mg/kg at 0 and 12 h after CLP, per gavage) and the administration of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) (20 mg/kg; 3, 6, and 12 h after CLP, subcutaneously) was used as positive control. Twenty-four hours after CLP, cytokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrite/nitrate (N/N), oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated in the hippocampus, total cortex, and prefrontal cortex. At 10 days after sepsis induction, behavioral tests were performed to assess cognitive damage. We observed an increase in cytokine levels, MPO activity, N/N concentration, and oxidative damage, a reduction in SOD and GPx activity in the brain structures, and cognitive damage in CLP rats. DMF treatment was effective in reversing these parameters. DMF reduces sepsis-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive impairment in rats subjected to the CLP model.

Pseudotumor orbital bilateral recorrente / Recorrent bilateral orbits pseudo-tumor

Resumo O pseudotumor orbitário é uma doença inflamatória idiopática benigna. Os autores apresentam um caso manifestado em adolescente de 12 anos, diagnosticado por meio do exame clínico, laboratorial e radiológico. Houve boa resposta ao tratamento proposto com corticosteroides. O relato é seguido de breve retomada literária acerca do tema.

Abstract The orbital pseudotumor is a benign idiopathic inflammatory disease. The authors present a case manifested in 12 years old boy, diagnosed by clinical, laboratory and radiological examination. There was a good response to treatment with corticosteroids proposed. The report is followed by brief literary resume on the subject.

Pectus Excavatum e Situs Inversus Totalis: um relato de caso / Pectus excavatum and situs inversus totalis: a case report

O Pectus Excavatum consiste em uma deformidade óssea torácica caracterizada, basicamente, pela depressão do esterno e das cartilagens costais inferiores, podendo cursar com alterações da extremidade anterior das costelas na sua articulação com as cartilagens costais. Ademais, o Situs Inversus Totalis (STI) é caracterizado pelo desenvolvimento das vísceras no lado oposto de sua topografia habitual acompanhada de dextrocardia; ápice cardíaco voltado para a direita. Os autores relatam um caso combinado de Pectus Excavatum e Situs Inversus Totalis em um paciente jovem, do sexo masculino, diagnosticado no período da puberdade e discutem brevemente acerca de uma revisão literária do caso(AU)

Pectus excavatum is a chest bone deformity characterized primarily by depression of the sternum and the lower costal cartilages, which may be accompanied by changes in the anterior end of the ribs in its articulation with rib cartilage. In addition, the situs inversus totalis (SIT) is characterized by the development of the viscera on the opposite side of its usual topography accompanied by dextrocardia; cardiac apex facing the right. The authors report a combined case of pectus excavatum and situs inversus totalis in a young male patient diagnosed in the puberty period and briefly discuss about a literature review of the case(AU)