RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The benefit of taking intra-abdominal cultures during source control procedures in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection (CIAI) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intra-abdominal cultures reduce the mortality rate of CIAI. METHODS: The Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database was used to identify adult patients with CIAI who had undergone source control procedures on the first day of admission to hospital between April 2014 and March 2016. In-hospital mortality was compared between patients who did and those who did not have intra-abdominal cultures taken. A generalized linear mixed-effect logistic regression model and a random intercept per hospital were used to adjust for baseline confounders and institutional differences. Subgroup analyses were also performed according to disease cause, site of onset and severity of CIAI. RESULTS: Intra-abdominal cultures were taken from 16 303 of 41 495 included patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients with intra-abdominal cultures had a significantly lower mortality than those without (odds ratio 0·85, 95 per cent c.i. 0·77 to 0·95). Subgroup analyses revealed statistically significant differences in mortality between patients with and without cultures among those with lower intestinal perforation, biliary tract infection/perforation, healthcare-associated CIAI and high-risk community-acquired CIAI. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-abdominal cultures obtained during source control procedures may reduce in-hospital mortality, especially in patients with lower intestinal perforation, biliary tract infection/perforation, or healthcare-associated or high-risk community-acquired CIAI.
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Técnicas Bacteriológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones Intraabdominales/microbiología , Infecciones Intraabdominales/mortalidad , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de las Vías Biliares/complicaciones , Enfermedades de las Vías Biliares/microbiología , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Perforación Intestinal/complicaciones , Perforación Intestinal/microbiología , Infecciones Intraabdominales/complicaciones , Infecciones Intraabdominales/tratamiento farmacológico , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Utilización de Procedimientos y Técnicas , Perforación Espontánea/complicaciones , Perforación Espontánea/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Synthetic scaffolds exhibiting bone repair ability equal to that of autogenous bone are required in the fields of orthopedics and dentistry. A suitable synthetic bone graft substitute should induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. In this study, three types of honeycomb blocks (HCBs), composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp), ß-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap), were fabricated, and the effects of HCB composition on bone formation and maturation were investigated. The HC structure was selected to promote cell penetration and tissue ingrowth. HAp and ß-TCP HCBs were fabricated by extrusion molding followed by sintering. The CO3Ap HCBs were fabricated by extrusion molding followed by sintering and dissolution-precipitation reactions. These HCBs had similar macroporous structures: all harbored uniformly distributed macropores (â¼160 âµm) that were regularly arrayed and penetrated the blocks unidirectionally. Moreover, the volumes of macropores were nearly equal (â¼0.15 âcm3/g). The compressive strengths of CO3Ap, HAp, and ß-TCP HCBs were 22.8 â± â3.5, 34.2 â± â3.3, and 24.4 â± â2.4 âMPa, respectively. Owing to the honeycomb-type macroporous structure, the compressive strengths of these HCBs were higher than those of commercial scaffolds with intricate three-dimensional or unidirectional macroporous structure. Notably, bone maturation was markedly faster in CO3Ap HCB grafting than in ß-TCP and HAp HCB grafting, and the mature bone area percentages for CO3Ap HCBs at postsurgery weeks 4 and 12 were 14.3- and 4.3-fold higher and 7.5- and 1.4-fold higher than those for HAp and ß-TCP HCBs, respectively. The differences in bone maturation and formation were probably caused by the disparity in concentrations of calcium ions surrounding the HCBs, which were dictated by the inherent material resorption behavior and mechanism; generally, CO3Ap is resorbed only by osteoclastic resorption, HAp is not resorbed, and ß-TCP is rapidly dissolved even in the absence of osteoclasts. Besides the composition, the microporous structure of HC struts, inevitably generated during the formation of HCBs of various compositions, may contribute to the differences in bone maturation and formation.
RESUMEN
1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on the rectal temperature of young chicks of the oral administration of a medium that contained both live bacteria that produce D-aspartate (D-Asp) and D-Asp. 2. In Experiment 1, chicks were subjected to chronic oral administration of either the medium (containing live bacteria and 2.46 µmol D-Asp) or water from 7 to 14 d of age. Plasma-free amino acids as well as mitochondrial biogenic gene expression in the breast muscle were analysed. In Experiment 2, 7-d-old chicks were subjected to acute oral administration of the above medium or of an equimolar amount of D-Asp to examine their effect on changes in rectal temperature. In Experiment 3, after 1 week of chronic oral administration of the medium, 14-d-old chicks were exposed to either high ambient temperature (HT; 40 ± 1°C, 3 h) or control thermoneutral temperature (CT; 30 ± 1°C, 3 h) to monitor the changes in rectal temperature. 3. Chronic, but not acute, oral administration of the medium significantly reduced rectal temperature in chicks, and a chronic effect also appeared under HT conditions. 4. Chronic oral administration of the medium significantly reduced the mRNA abundance of the avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) in the breast muscle, but led to a significant increase in avian adenine nucleotide translocator (avANT) mRNA in the same muscle. 5. (a) These results indicate that the medium can reduce body temperature through the decline in avUCP mRNA expression in the breast muscle that may be involved in reduced mitochondrial proton leaks and heat production. (b) The increase in avANT further suggests a possible enhancement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis.
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Proteínas Aviares/genética , Bacterias/química , Pollos/fisiología , Ácido D-Aspártico/administración & dosificación , Ácido D-Aspártico/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriales/genética , Administración Oral , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Animales , Temperatura Corporal , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Expresión Génica , Calor , Masculino , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, the concomitant use of methotrexate has been shown to reduce the incidence of antibodies to infliximab (ATI), on the other hand, it is unclear whether azathioprine can reduce ATI production. We enrolled a total of 10 Japanese adult patients with RA who were treated with infliximab concomitantly with methotrexate or azathioprine. Serum concentrations of infliximab and ATI of these patients were measured. The mean serum infliximab concentrations was 1.6±1.3 µg/ml in patients with methotrexate and 1.0±0.5 µg/ml in patients with azathioprine. Serum ATI concentrations were below the limit of quantitation in 4 of 5 patients in each group. The results from the present study suggest that azathioprine suppresses ATI production.
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Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Azatioprina/farmacología , Infliximab/inmunología , Metotrexato/farmacología , Adulto , Anticuerpos/sangre , Anticuerpos/inmunología , Azatioprina/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Infliximab/administración & dosificación , Metotrexato/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Azathioprine (AZA) is increasingly being prescribed to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Following oral administration, AZA is converted into its active form. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low thiopurine (S)-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity tend to respond well to AZA therapy. In a previous study of Japanese SLE patients under low-dose AZA therapy, the group with the 94C>A mutation in inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) showed greater improvement in their disease activity index. However, it is not yet clear how genotypes relate to responsiveness to RA treatment. The genotypes ITPA 94C>A, TPMT*3C, NUDT15 595C>T, GST-M1, GST-T1 and MRP4/ABCC4 2269G>A of Japanese patients with RA were determined. The relationship between these genotypes and response to AZA therapy was evaluated using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) and various medical data. Of the 22 patients 15 had the ITPA 94C/C genotype, 7 had the ITPA 94C/A genotype, none had the TPMT*3C mutation, 4 had the NUDT15 595C>T mutation, 8 had the GST-M1 and T1 null genotypes and 9 had the MRP4/ABCC4 2269G>A mutation. Changes in DAS28 at 6 months after baseline were similar in both ITPA genotype groups. However, the maintenance dose of AZA was significantly lower in the C/A group than in the C/C group (0.85±0.30 mg/kg/day vs. 1.2±0.46 mg/kg/day, respectively; p = 0.043). The ITPA 94C/A group showed the same response to RA treatment as the C/C group, but at a lower dose. This demonstrates that RA patients with the ITPA 94C>A mutation are more responsive to AZA.
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Antirreumáticos/metabolismo , Artritis Reumatoide/enzimología , Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Azatioprina/metabolismo , Anciano , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Pueblo Asiatico , Azatioprina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Eliminación de Gen , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Insulin stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in a concentration (1 ânM-1 âµM)-dependent manner and increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface was prevented by the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin, the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) inhibitor BX912 or the Akt1/2 inhibitor MK2206, and by knocking-down PI3K, PDK1 or Akt1/2. Insulin increased phosphorylation of Akt1/2 at Thr308/309 and Ser473/474, to activate Akt1/2, in the adipocytes. Insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt1/2 was suppressed by wortmannin and knocking-down PI3K, while no significant inhibition of the phosphorylation was obtained with BX912 or knocking-down PDK1. In the cell-free Akt assay, PI3K phosphorylated Akt1 both at Thr308 and Ser473 and Akt2 at Ser474 alone. In contrast, PDK1 phosphorylates Akt1 at Thr308 and Akt2 at Thr309. The results of this study indicate that PI3K activates Akt1, independently of PDK1, and Akt2 by cooperating with PDK1 in the insulin signal transduction pathway linked to GLUT4 translocation.
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Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Insulina/farmacología , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipocitos/citología , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Androstadienos/farmacología , Animales , Western Blotting , Glucosa/metabolismo , Glucosa/farmacocinética , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/genética , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Ratones , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/genética , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Transporte de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Piruvato Deshidrogenasa Quinasa Acetil-Transferidora , Interferencia de ARN , Serina/genética , Serina/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Treonina/genética , Treonina/metabolismo , WortmaninaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Generic preference-based measures such as EQ-5D are widely used to estimate quality-adjusted life-years but may not be available or, more importantly, appropriate in some medical conditions. Condition-specific preference-based measures (CSPBMs) provide an alternative to generic measures that may be more relevant in some conditions. This project conducted five studies to examine issues in the development and use of CSPBMS: (1) literature review of measures; (2) deriving health states values for classifications with highly correlated dimensions; (3) impact of condition labelling; (4) impact of add-on dimensions; and (5) comparative performance of measures. DESIGN: (1) Systematic search and literature review; (2) and (5) psychometric analyses on existing data; (2), (3) and (4) valuation surveys and survey analyses. SETTING: Valuation surveys conducted using face-to-face interviews in the respondents' homes. PARTICIPANTS: Valuation surveys conducted using representative samples of the UK general population. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The project developed a CSPBM CORE-6D and analyses AQL-5D, CORE-6D, EORTC-8D, EQ-5D, OAB-5D and SF-6D data. RESULTS: (1) There was substantial variability in methods used to develop CSPBMs. (2) A new method for generating states using Rasch analysis was undertaken, which successfully dealt with the problem of highly correlated domains. (3) Condition labels affected utility values but this was dependent on the condition and severity of the health state. (4) Adding on an extra dimension affected health-state values and preference weights for other dimensions. (5) The performance of CSPBMs was comparable with that of their parent instrument and of generic preference-based measures with better performance for discrimination between severity groups. CONCLUSIONS: CSPBMs have an important role for economic evaluation, for which generic measures are inappropriate. However, their use in economic evaluation may be compromised by naming the condition; the exclusion of side effects and comorbidities; and focusing effects. Whether a reduction in comparability should be accepted depends on the extent of any gain in validity and responsiveness. This will depend on the condition and measure in question. Research agenda: (1) The appropriateness of generic preference-based measures should be examined in more conditions (and compared with CSPBMs). (2) Further quantitative and qualitative work is requested into the impact of, and reasons for labelling effects. (3) Use of add-ons for condition-specific measures (for side effects and comorbidities) and as a solution to the limitation of generic measures should be explored. FUNDING: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud/métodos , Prioridad del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Perfil de Impacto de Enfermedad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Reino Unido , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We report a case of Jaccoud's arthropathy with forefoot plantar callosity. The lesser toe metatarsal heads were resected and Swanson's double-stemmed flexible-hinge implant arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was performed. An osteolytic defect had formed around the implant after 2 years. Surgical revision comprised implant removal and synovectomy. Histology revealed a foreign-body reaction with birefringent material in multinucleated giant cells. Because the capsuloligamentous system is fragile in Jaccoud's arthropathy, we recommend resection arthroplasty or arthrodesis of the first MP joint as an initial operative approach.
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Artroplastia de Reemplazo/efectos adversos , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Articulación Metatarsofalángica/anomalías , Articulación Metatarsofalángica/cirugía , Siliconas/efectos adversos , Adulto , Artritis Reumatoide , Artrodesis , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate anterior chamber biometry of the eyes of normal children using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and to evaluate the differences in biometry between children and adults, and before and after pupil dilation in children. METHODS: Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and trabecular-iris angle (TIA) were measured in 94 normal children and 15 normal adults using UBM. Before and after pupil dilation were measured in 42 children with emmetropic and hyperopic eyes. RESULTS: In 66 emmetropic children, ACD and TIA were 2.93+/-0.18 mm and 34.42+/-4.02 degrees, respectively. In 28 hyperopic children, ACD and TIA were 2.92+/-0.21 mm and 35.05+/-4.42 degrees, respectively. There was no significant difference in anterior chamber biometry associated with the refraction. ACD did not differ between children and adults, but TIA in children was wider than in adults. There was no significant difference in ACD or TIA before versus after pupil dilation in any case. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior chamber biometry in children showed no differences before and after pupil dilation. Also, there was no difference in ACD of children as compared to adults; however, TIA in children was significantly wider than in adults.
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Cámara Anterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Iris/diagnóstico por imagen , Microscopía Acústica , Pupila/efectos de los fármacos , Malla Trabecular/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Biometría , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Persona de Mediana Edad , Midriáticos/administración & dosificación , Tropicamida/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
In healthcare, a tension sometimes arises between the injunction to do as much good as possible with scarce resources and the injunction to rescue identifiable individuals in immediate peril, regardless of cost (the "Rule of Rescue"). This tension can generate serious ethical and political difficulties for public policy makers faced with making explicit decisions about the public funding of controversial health technologies, such as costly new cancer drugs. In this paper we explore the appropriate role of the Rule of Rescue in public resource allocation decisions by health technology funding advisory bodies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. We consider practical approaches to operationalising the Rule of Rescue from Australia and the UK before examining the relevance of individual moral imperatives to public policy making. We conclude that that whilst public policy makers in a humane society should facilitate exceptional departures from a cost effectiveness norm in clinical decisions about identified individuals, it is not so obvious that they should, as a matter of national public policy, exempt any one group of unidentified individuals within society from the rules of opportunity cost at the expense of all others.
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Asignación de Recursos para la Atención de Salud/ética , Trabajo de Rescate/ética , Asignación de Recursos/ética , Evaluación de la Tecnología Biomédica/ética , Análisis Costo-Beneficio/economía , Toma de Decisiones en la Organización , Asignación de Recursos para la Atención de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Política de Salud/economía , Humanos , Sistemas de Socorro/ética , Asignación de Recursos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Medición de Riesgo , Evaluación de la Tecnología Biomédica/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
A unique sib pair afflicted by limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is described showing a slowly progressive autosomal recessive type of muscular dystrophy with onset in the third and fourth decades. The patients had early asymmetric muscle involvement characterized by prominent biceps brachii atrophy with sparing of the knee extensors. Additional findings included elevation of serum creatine kinase level, myopathic EMG changes and dystrophic type of pathology on muscle biopsy. Asymmetrical wasting of muscles in the extremities exhibited uniform and highly selective CT imaging patterns. RNA and DNA analyses confirmed novel compound heterozygous mutations (R147X/L212F) in the human CAPN3 gene.
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Calpaína/genética , Proteínas Musculares/genética , Distrofia Muscular de Cinturas/genética , Mutación Missense , Mutación Puntual , Adulto , Biopsia , Dominio Catalítico/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Electromiografía , Femenino , Heterocigoto , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Distrofia Muscular de Cinturas/patología , Distrofia Muscular de Cinturas/fisiopatología , Linaje , ARN Mensajero/análisis , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Vietnam/etnologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Platelet derived-endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) is a highly potent angiogenic factor. Although angiogenesis plays an active role in pathophysiology of stroke, the expression pattern of this molecule in ischemic brain has not been investigated. In the present study, therefore, we investigated the change of PD-ECGF expression in the brain after ischemia. METHODS: Using male Wistar rats, the right middle cerebral artery was occluded by a nylon thread for 90 minutes. The animals were decapitated 3 hours, 1, 4 and 10 days after the reperfusion, and frozen sections were prepared. We then performed immunohistochemistry for PD-ECGF and identified the cell phenotype which strongly expressed it by fluorescent double staining. RESULTS: In the sham-operated brain, only small numbers of cells slightly expressed PD-ECGF. The number of positively stained cells increased at the peri-ischemic area from hour 3 of reperfusion. Not only small-sized cells but also large-sized cells became stained. The number of stained cells further increased, and peaked at day 4 for large-sized cells and at day 10 as to small-sized cells. Fluorescent double staining revealed that both large-sized and small-sized cells were neurons, indicating that neurons are the main source of PD-ECGF production in the ischemic brain. DISCUSSION: PD-ECGF has a strong angiogenic property without vascular permeability increasing effect. This molecule may have a therapeutic potential for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Timidina Fosforilasa/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismo , Masculino , Neuronas/clasificación , Neuronas/metabolismo , Fosfopiruvato Hidratasa/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Reperfusión , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Leptomycin B (LMB) is a Streptomyces metabolite that causes the specific inhibition of the nuclear export of proteins containing a nuclear export signal (NES). LMB was reported to inhibit cell cycle progression in fission yeast and mammalian cells, however, the mechanism underlying LMB-induced cell cycle arrest is still obscure. In this study, we found that in serum-starved NIH3T3 cells, LMB inhibited serum-induced cyclin D1 expression at the level of transcription. However, this inhibition was reversed by inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Furthermore, we found that PP2A accumulated in the nucleus upon treatment with LMB. The finding prompted us to identify the functional NES in PP2A catalytic subunit alpha. These results indicated that LMB inhibited the chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent nuclear export of PP2A, resulting in sustained dephosphorylation in the nucleus. Although phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser-63 is required for activator protein 1 (AP-1)-dependent expression of cyclin D1, it decreased in LMB-treated cells compared to untreated cells. Moreover, the inhibitors of PP2A restored the levels of c-Jun phosphorylated at Ser-63. We propose that inhibition of cyclin D1 expression by LMB is mediated by the LMB-induced nuclear accumulation of PP2A, leading to sustained dephosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser-63, which leads to inactivation of the transcription of the AP-1-responsive cyclin D1 gene.
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Núcleo Celular/enzimología , Ciclina D1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fosfoproteínas Fosfatasas/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción AP-1/metabolismo , Animales , Western Blotting , Ciclina D1/genética , Quinasa 2 Dependiente de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Activación Enzimática , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/farmacología , Fase G1 , Ratones , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Células 3T3 NIH , Fosforilación , Proteína Fosfatasa 2RESUMEN
Calbindin-D28K (Ca-D28K) is a calcium-binding protein. In the kidney, Ca-D28K is present in the distal nephron, but not in the proximal nephron. This site-specific distribution in the kidney indicates that Ca-D28K is a potential marker for the differentiation of the distal nephron. In this study, we have examined the expression of Ca-D28K in 25 sporadic cases of chicken nephroblastomas. All cases of nephroblastomas were composed of atypical tubular structures, blastemal cells, and fibrous stroma in varying degrees of differentiation. Immunohistochemically in all nephroblastoma specimens, Ca-D28K was expressed in the epithelial cells of the subsets of tubular structures, but not in the blastema or the stroma. These results suggested that the tubuli in the nephroblastomas are able to differentiate into the phenotype of distal nephrons. Furthermore, Ca-D28K might develop as a novel diagnostic marker for nephroblastomas because this molecule is reported to be completely negative in other renal tumors, including renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe carcinomas, and oncocytoma.
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Neoplasias Renales/veterinaria , Proteína G de Unión al Calcio S100/metabolismo , Tumor de Wilms/veterinaria , Animales , Calbindinas , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Pollos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Inmunohistoquímica , Riñón/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Neoplasias Renales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Proteína G de Unión al Calcio S100/genética , Tumor de Wilms/genética , Tumor de Wilms/metabolismo , Tumor de Wilms/patologíaAsunto(s)
Producción de Medicamentos sin Interés Comercial/economía , Enfermedades Raras/tratamiento farmacológico , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Ética Médica , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Legislación de Medicamentos/ética , Producción de Medicamentos sin Interés Comercial/ética , Producción de Medicamentos sin Interés Comercial/legislación & jurisprudencia , Enfermedades Raras/economíaRESUMEN
In the consolidation period of distraction osteogenesis, mineralization occurs before corticalization. We hypothesized that the increased rate of bone mineral density correlates to the density of vascularity in the callus. We unilaterally lengthened the tibia in eight adult beagles. After a waiting period of 7 days, tibiae were lengthened for 30 days. After a consolidation period of an additional 60 days, all animals were euthanized. Just before euthanasia, blood vessels were perfused with 50% w/v barium sulfate solution, and soft radiographs of the distracted callus and the control tibiae were taken. Bone mineral density of the regenerated bones was measured preoperatively by quantitative computed tomography on Days 37, 68, and 98. Increases of the percent bone mineral density (from Day 37 to Day 98 and from Day 68 to Day 98) correlated with the blood vessel volume density ratios on Day 98. Our results suggest that preservation of the higher density of blood vessels in the consolidation period could lead to the better mineralization of the distracted callus.
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Callo Óseo/irrigación sanguínea , Neovascularización Fisiológica/fisiología , Osteogénesis por Distracción/métodos , Osteogénesis/fisiología , Tibia/patología , Angiografía , Animales , Densidad Ósea , Regeneración Ósea/fisiología , Callo Óseo/fisiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perros , Tibia/fisiología , Tibia/cirugíaRESUMEN
We report on muon-spin relaxation measurements of the 4f(2)-based heavy-fermion superconductor filled-skutterudite Pr(Os4Sb12. The results reveal the spontaneous appearance of static internal magnetic fields below the superconducting transition temperature, providing unambiguous evidence for the breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the superconducting state. A discussion is made on which of the spin or orbital component of Cooper pairs carries a nonzero momentum.
RESUMEN
Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a treatment for end-stage liver failure, and was developed to overcome the distinct insufficiency of cadaveric donors. Case 1 is a 56-year-old man who had undergone maintenance hemodialysis therapy for 4 years. An LDLT was performed for the treatment of advanced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) was performed from the 2nd to 5th days after the operation. Case 2 is a 55-year-old man with primary amyloidosis and chronic renal failure. An LDLT was performed for the treatment of severe abdominal distention caused by a large liver volume. Although CHDF was started at the 3rd day after the operation, it was discontinued within 24 hours because of an increased urinary volume. CHDF was required again from the 6th-8th days, after which the blood purification mode was switched to regular intermittent hemodialysis. Meanwhile, no major problems occurred in either case. In conclusion, CHDF was required for about 5 days from the 2nd day after the operation. The application of careful and aggressive blood purification therapy during the perioperative period is a key to successful LDLT in dialysis patients.
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Hemodiafiltración , Hepatopatías/terapia , Trasplante de Hígado , Humanos , Donadores Vivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados PosoperatoriosRESUMEN
We examined 39 patients (45 knees) who had undergone an Elmslie-Trillat procedure for recurrent or habitual dislocation of the patella with a follow-up of more than ten years. The mean age at the time of surgery was 18.4 years; the mean follow-up was 161 months (120 to 238). Using Fulkerson's functional knee score, 41 knees (91%) had an excellent or good result at a mean follow-up of 45 months, and this was maintained in 29 (64%) at the final review. The main cause of deterioration in the clinical results was the onset or worsening of patellofemoral joint pain, not patellar instability.