Acute psychiatric symptoms in a young woman with anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A case of successful early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

This clinical image presents a report on the diagnosis and treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, a rare disease. This report emphasizes the importance of a differential diagnosis for acute psychiatric symptoms. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical for the selection and implementation of treatment and for optimal patient outcomes.

Multiple paraovarian cysts requiring emergency surgery: A rare clinical finding.

This report presents an unusual case of multiple paraovarian cysts that required emergency surgery due to a paraovarian cyst being entrapped by another paraovarian cyst. Laparoscopic surgery is considered useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and is, therefore, recommended owing to difficulty in differentiating paraovarian cysts from ovarian cysts.

Laparoscopic surgery for a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck with an ovarian tumor: An extremely rare clinical finding.

This clinical image presents an unusual report of simultaneous laparoscopic resection of a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck and an ovarian tumor. Laparoscopic treatment with a proper approach is a useful technique in some cases.

Relief of eribulin-associated malaise by l-glutamine in two patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma: a case report.

Eribulin (ERI) treatment for leiomyosarcoma causes unexplained malaise and reduced quality of life (QoL) in about 40% of patients. There have been few reports suggesting the risk factors for occurrence of eribulin-associated malaise or effective treatment, whereas our present report focuses on this issue. We encountered two patients with advanced or recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma who experienced severe malaise while receiving ERI therapy (ERI 1.4 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of each 21-days cycle). We retrospectively reviewed these cases to examine the time of onset and change in the severity of malaise, and the change in QoL before and after ERI therapy. The first patient was a 70-year-old woman with severe malaise 3-6 days after ERI administration on day 1 of treatment. Malaise temporarily improved, but ERI resumption on day 8 caused severe malaise relapse on days 11-13. The second patient was a 58-year-old woman with severe malaise on days 4-5 and 11-12 of treatment. QoL worsened by the development of malaise. A bimodal pattern of malaise development was observed during ERI therapy, corresponding to 3-6 days after the administration of ERI. The pattern of malaise development in the present two patients treated with ERI was similar to that of myalgia in paclitaxel-treated patients. Both patients received l-glutamine/azulene combination for gastritis symptoms starting from cycle 2, relieving malaise, resulting in an improvement in the QoL score. Results from future prospective studies will be used to determine whether or not l-glutamine can alleviate ERI-caused malaise and improve the QoL of patients.

Outcomes of treatment with cyclic administration of dienogest after ovarian endometriotic cystectomy.

To evaluate the outcomes of patients treated with cyclic administration of dienogest after ovarian endometriotic cystectomy, following the completion of treatment. We retrospectively evaluated 26 patients treated with dienogest (2 mg/day) after cystectomy (revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine [r-ASRM] stage III-IV) in a pilot study. Dienogest was administered cyclically, for a total of six cycles, each comprising three weeks on and one week off. Outcomes of interest included severity of menstrual pain and recurrence of cysts at baseline, during the immediate post-treatment period and at the final outpatient follow-up. The mean outpatient follow-up period was 45.0 months. The visual analog scale score for menstrual pain following 6 cycles of dienogest treatment was significantly lower than that at baseline; it remained low at the final follow-up. The recurrence rates of cysts were 4% and 21% at 24 and 48 months after the completion of dienogest treatment, respectively. Six patients with recurrent disease were all classified as having r-ASRM stage IV. Our results suggest that cyclic dienogest for six months after cystectomy could relieve menstrual pain and reduce the recurrence of cysts, for approximately four years. The necessary treatment period for patients with r-ASRM stage IV disease requires further study.

Relief of uterine bleeding by cyclic administration of dienogest for endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the relief of uterine bleeding and clinical symptoms during cyclic administration of dienogest for the treatment of endometriosis. METHODS: In total, 25 patients undergoing ovarian cyst enucleation and given dienogest participated in this study. Dienogest 2 mg/day was administered for 3 weeks, and the drug was then withdrawn for 1 week (cyclic administration of dienogest). This 4-week cycle was repeated six times. Patients' records were prospectively analyzed for the number of days on which any uterine bleeding occurred, as well as menstrual pain before and after the start of dienogest administration were evaluated with a view to using the data obtained herein as the basis. RESULTS: During the period of cyclic administration of dienogest, uterine bleeding occurred on 5.8 to 7.7 days per 4-week period on an average through cycles. Of uterine bleeding episodes, menstruation-like uterine bleeding was present in about 80% of patients. The visual analog scale (VAS) value for menstrual pain significantly decreased from 3.8 before dienogest administration after surgery to 1.5 at the completion of cycle 1, VAS remained low thereafter. CONCLUSION: These results raise the possibility that cyclic administration of dienogest may relieve lessen uterine bleeding, a major adverse event and menstrual pain.

Examination of the taste disorder associated with gynecological cancer chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: Taste disturbance is known to occur as one of the adverse events associated with chemotherapy for gynecological cancer, but few studies have attempted to assess it in practical terms. Therefore, a range of taste tests was performed in gynecological cancer patients. METHODS: The patients were 23 women with gynecological cancer being treated with anticancer agents. Subjective symptoms of altered taste were classified, and objective findings were obtained with the following four gustatory tests: serum trace element (zinc, copper, iron) levels, tongue cultures, electrogustometry, and the filter paper disc tests. RESULTS: Of the 23 subjects, 11 perceived taste disturbances. The serum zinc level was consistently below the lower limit of normal. On tongue cultures, indigenous bacteria were seen in all patients during the entire treatment period. Electrogustometry revealed a tendency for the development of hypogeusia in the chorda tympani nerve field. Conversely, hypergeusia tended to develop gradually in the greater petrosal nerve field. The filter paper disc test revealed a tendency for the development of hypergeusia for sweetness, saltiness, and sourness in the chorda tympani nerve field. Hypogeusia for bitterness tended to develop with increasing number of chemotherapy cycles. The glossopharyngeal nerve field exhibited the same tendencies as observed in the chorda tympani nerve field. In the greater petrosal nerve field, there was a tendency for the development of hypergeusia for sweetness, sourness, and bitterness. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal test results were seen in half of patients after cancer chemotherapy.

Effectiveness of the cyclic administration of dienogest in a case of pathological disappearance of intestinal endometriosis.

We have reported good control of atypical genital bleeding when using a cyclic administration of dienogest (repeated 4-week cycles, each consisting of the administration of 2 mg/day of dienogest for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week of drug withdrawal) in patients with endometriosis. Herein, we report the effectiveness of the long-term cyclic administration (22 months) of dienogest in a case of pathological disappearance of intestinal endometriosis diagnosed by endoscopy and histology of the lower gastrointestinal tract. There is no recurrent sign after 16 months of the treatment being stopped. Atypical genital bleeding during treatment was 3-5 days a month in each cycle. Compliance was good, so we could continue the therapy. The long-term cyclic administration of dienogest in patients with intestinal endometriosis may have significant merit.

[Orally administered polaprezinc significantly improves taste disorders in ovarian cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy].

The subject was a 75-year-old female who was receiving paclitaxel and carboplatin(TC)chemotherapy every other week after surgery for ovarian cancer. She greatly complained of taste disorders after four cycles(of every other week administration) of TC chemotherapy. To understand how the taste disorder was caused by chemotherapy objectively, taste examinations were conducted for the patient in our department. These examinations were conducted after receiving the informed consent from the patient. The authors conducted taste examinations for the patient using serum zinc measurement, tongue cell culture, electrogustometry, and filter paper disc tests(before and after starting chemotherapy), and found that her serum zinc level fell significantly after four cycles of chemotherapy. Orally disintegrating tablets of polaprezinc were then administered to the patient, after which the subjective symptom of taste disorder improved. Her serum zinc level increased, and the electrogustometric threshold rapidly fell(an improvement). The filter paper disc test showed some improvement, particularly in the glossopharyngeal nerve and the greater petrosal nerve field.

Primary strumal carcinoid tumor of the ovary with multiple bone and breast metastases.

Although primary carcinoid tumor of the ovary is an extremely rare neoplasm, survival is excellent if the disease is confined to one ovary. Herein, we present a case of primary strumal carcinoid tumor of the ovary, stage IA, borderline malignancy, in a 34-year-old woman. Histological findings of the right ovary indicated higher atypical nuclei, higher mitotic rate and focal necrosis of tumorous cells in some areas, findings that are compatible with atypical carcinoid of the lung. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, Ki-67, topoisomerase IIalpha, peptide YY, and thyroglobulin. Three and a half years postoperatively, multiple bone and breast metastases were found and anticancer chemotherapy was ineffective. The results in the present case indicate that an ovarian carcinoid tumor found to be 'atypical carcinoid' according to pulmonary carcinoid criteria or immunohistochemical staining (i.e. highly positive for topoisomerase IIalpha and Ki-67) may have a poor prognosis.

[Secondary osteoporosis UPDATE. Bone metabolic change and osteoporosis during pregnancy and lactation].

Calcium transfer from the mother to the infant during pregnancy and lactation plays an extremely important role in the bone health of the mother and neonate. Calcium aids in bone health through all ages but is especially crucial during pregnancy and lactation. Changes in the structure and metabolism of bone during pregnancy and the early stage of postpartum are evaluated by investigating bone mineral density (BMD), bone histomorphometry and bone markers of human or animal models. The bone resorption increased at the end of pregnancy and lactation, and the bone formation increases and the bone structure is almost recovered after cessation of lactating in postpartum. Puerperal BMD remained static over the subsequent 5-10 years. If the women have a low BMD at this stage of their reproductive life, it tends not to improve over this time. Perhaps identification of this at-risk group may lead to effective interventions to reduce fracture risk in later life.

Ovarian tumor cell detection in peripheral blood progenitor cells harvests by RT-PCR.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the frequency of tumor cell contamination in autologous peripheral-blood progenitor cells from patients with ovarian cancer, and to determine the impact of infusing such cells on relapses after high-dose chemotherapy. METHODS: Seventy-three samples of peripheral-blood progenitor cells from 24 ovarian cancer patients were studied for contaminated tumor cells by cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Tumor cell contamination in peripheral-blood progenitor cells was detected in 11 of 24 patients (46%) and, among these, in four of 11 patients who received transplantations of peripheral-blood progenitor cells. There was no trend towards longer relapse-free survival in patients infused with cytokeratin-negative peripheral-blood progenitor cells as compared with positive ones. Interestingly, two of four patients who received transplantations of peripheral-blood progenitor cells containing tumor cells were free from progression at 20 and 41 months after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Tumor cell contamination of peripheral-blood progenitor cells was frequently noted by transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in patients with ovarian cancer. The biological and clinical significance of this finding remains to be elucidated.