Ascending Aortic Coarctation - an Atypical Location in a Non-Takayasu Arteritis Female Patient.

Coarctation of the aorta is a well-known congenital cardiovascular disorder that typically occurs within proximity to the ductus arteriosus. The ascending aorta, distal descending aorta, and abdominal aorta are segments which are prone to development of an atypical coarctation. The etiologies of atypical cases are usually associated with various types of vasculitis syndromes or underlying genetic disorders. In this report, we present a 24-year-old female patient with an ascending aortic coarctation which developed secondary to an atherosclerotic process.

Giant pulmonary pseudoaneurysm following balloon dilatation of the pulmonary artery to relieve pulmonary band.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon. They may occur secondary to trauma, infectious diseases, vasculitis syndromes, neoplasms, congenital diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. Due to increasing number of cardiac interventions, iatrogenic complications are among the major causes of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms.In this report, we present a 6-month-old patient with pulmonary pseudoaneurysm that occurred following pulmonary balloon angioplasty for the relief of a pulmonary band.

Ascending Aortic Coarctation - an Atypical Location in a Non-Takayasu Arteritis Female Patient

ABSTRACT Coarctation of the aorta is a well-known congenital cardiovascular disorder that typically occurs within proximity to the ductus arteriosus. The ascending aorta, distal descending aorta, and abdominal aorta are segments which are prone to development of an atypical coarctation. The etiologies of atypical cases are usually associated with various types of vasculitis syndromes or underlying genetic disorders. In this report, we present a 24-year-old female patient with an ascending aortic coarctation which developed secondary to an atherosclerotic process.

Congenital tricuspid insufficiency due to rupture of chordae tendinea secondary to intrauterine obliteration of ductus arteriosus.

Congenital rupture of tricuspid chordae tendinea leading to severe tricuspid insufficiency is an extremely rare pathology associated with signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure presenting at birth. If the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology are not made early in life fetal demise may become inevitable.We herein present a neonate with central cyanosis and congestive heart failure due to rupture of an anterior leaflet chordae resulting in severe insufficiency of the tricuspid valve who was treated with appropriate surgery.

Atrial fibrillation designation with micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning acoustic microscope.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is diagnosed with the electrocardiogram, which is the gold standard in clinics. However, sufficient arrhythmia monitoring takes a long time, and many of the tests are made in only a few seconds, which can lead arrhythmia to be missed. Here, we propose a combined method to detect the effects of AF on atrial tissue. We characterize tissues obtained from patients with or without AF by scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and by Raman spectroscopy (RS) to construct a mechano-chemical profile. We classify the Raman spectral measurements of the tissue samples with an unsupervised clustering method, k-means and compare their chemical properties. Besides, we utilize scanning acoustic microscopy to compare and determine differences in acoustic impedance maps of the groups. We compared the clinical outcomes with our findings using a neural network classification for Raman measurements and ANOVA for SAM measurements. Consequently, we show that the stiffness profiles of the tissues, corresponding to the patients with chronic AF, without AF or who experienced postoperative AF, are in agreement with the lipid-collagen profiles obtained by the Raman spectral characterization.

Current Strategies for the Management of Anomalous Origin of Coronary Arteries from the Pulmonary Artery.

INTRODUCTION: The coronary arteries, which have to originate from the aorta, may sometimes rise from the pulmonary artery. This study evaluated clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment methods, and follow up of cases with anomalous coronary arteries arising from the pulmonary artery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients with the diagnosis of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) (N = 6) and anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) (N = 2), between January 2014 and January 2020 from a single center university hospital, were included in the study. Data from patients' demographic characteristics, electrocardiography, echocardiography, angiographic findings, operation, hospitalization, and follow up were evaluated. RESULTS: The study included eight patients (six females and two males) - six patients with ALCAPA and two with ARCAPA. The ages of the patients ranged between 3-135 (average: 53.25) months. The median body weight was calculated as 17.4 kg. Severe mitral valve insufficiency was detected in two patients and two other patients had a moderate degree of mitral insufficiency on echocardiography. Ejection fractions ranged between 16-74%. One patient had perimembranous malalignment large ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis. Operative techniques were Takeuchi procedure (three patients), direct implantation (four patients), and left internal thoracic artery to left main coronary artery bypass (one patient). Mechanical cardiac support was not required in the postoperative period. Mortality did not occur. Mitral insufficiency and ejection fractions improved following correction of the coronary anatomy. CONCLUSION: It is important to diagnose the ALCAPA or ARCAPA, where the coronary artery originates from the pulmonary artery. Patients should be treated before congestive heart failure and fatal complications occur. Surgical correction should be planned regardless of symptom status, even though some of patients reach adulthood with an increased number of collaterals.

Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneursym Accompanied by Leriche Syndrome in a Patient with Coronary Artery Disease: Management Strategy in a Single Case Experience.

Aneurysms and occlusive pathologies of the aorta are frequently associated with atherosclerosis; however, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm accompanied by Leriche syndrome is an extremely rare condition with challenging treatment strategy and without established surgical treatment protocols. In this report, we present our treatment strategy in a 64-year-old male patient with ischemic heart disease and type 5 thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm accompanied by Leriche syndrome.

The Commando procedure: Can it be a preventive option from reoperation in pediatric patients?

Rheumatic heart disease is still an important pathology affecting young people. When valve repair techniques are not possible, valve replacement is inevitable in pediatric patients despite the risk of patient prosthesis mismatch with the growing child. In this report, we present aortomitral fibrous body remodeling, Commando procedure, in a 12-year-old male patient with rheumatic aortic and mitral valve disease to provide adult size mechanical double valve replacement.

Giant Pericardial Tube Roll Aneurysm after the Treatment of Aortic Interruption.

Various techniques have been described for the treatment of interrupted aortic arch pathology. Graft interposition, either autologous or synthetic, is included among these methods. In this article, we present the images of giant pericardial roll aneurysm that was used for the treatment of aortic interruption during the newborn period.

Peripheral vs. Central Cannulation in Cardiac Reoperations: Technical Considerations and Outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare peripheral and central cannulation techniques in cardiac reoperation. METHODS: This retrospective study included 258 patients undergoing cardiac reoperation between January 2013 and July 2018. Patients were divided into two groups according to the cannulation type. The first group included 145 (56.2%) patients operated with standard central cannulation through aorta and right atrium or bicaval cannulation. In this group, cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted after sternotomy. The second group consisted of 113 (43.8%) patients operated with peripheral cannulation through femoral artery, vein, and internal jugular vein. In this group, cardiopulmonary bypass was started before sternotomy and after systemic heparinisation. The two groups' operative complications and postoperative outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Procedure-related injury was higher in the central cannulation group than in the peripheral cannulation group (8.3% vs. 1.8%, respectively, P=0.038). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was shorter in the central cannulation group (P=0.008) and total operation time was similar between the groups (P=0.115). Postoperative red blood cell requirement was higher with central cannulation (P=0.004). Operative mortality (2.8% vs. 0, P=0.186), hospital mortality (4.3% vs. 2.7%, P=0.523), and one-year survival rate (90.3% vs. 94.7%, P=0.202) were similar between the groups. CONCLUSION: Peripheral cannulation reduces cardiac injury and blood transfusion in cardiac reoperation. The cannulation type does not affect postoperative complication, mortality, and one-year survival.

Giant aneurysm of the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva

Abstract Aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva are defined as dilatation of the aortic root region between the aortic annulus and the sinotubular junction. Isolated aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva are rare cardiovascular pathologies. They may be congenital, especially secondary to connective tissue disorders or in conjunction with congenital cardiac defects, or acquired such as secondary to infections or trauma. Small sized aneurysm without rupture in asymptomatic patients may be followed; however, latter cases require intervention and surgery is the gold standard treatment modality. In this report, a 41-year-old male patient was reported with giant aneurysm of the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva whom underwent aortic root sparing surgical aortic sinus of Valsalva reconstruction.

Peripheral vs. central cannulation in cardiac reoperations: technical considerations and outcomes

Abstract Objective: To compare peripheral and central cannulation techniques in cardiac reoperation. Methods: This retrospective study included 258 patients undergoing cardiac reoperation between January 2013 and July 2018. Patients were divided into two groups according to the cannulation type. The first group included 145 (56.2%) patients operated with standard central cannulation through aorta and right atrium or bicaval cannulation. In this group, cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted after sternotomy. The second group consisted of 113 (43.8%) patients operated with peripheral cannulation through femoral artery, vein, and internal jugular vein. In this group, cardiopulmonary bypass was started before sternotomy and after systemic heparinisation. The two groups' operative complications and postoperative outcomes were compared. Results: Procedure-related injury was higher in the central cannulation group than in the peripheral cannulation group (8.3% vs. 1.8%, respectively, P=0.038). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was shorter in the central cannulation group (P=0.008) and total operation time was similar between the groups (P=0.115). Postoperative red blood cell requirement was higher with central cannulation (P=0.004). Operative mortality (2.8% vs. 0, P=0.186), hospital mortality (4.3% vs. 2.7%, P=0.523), and one-year survival rate (90.3% vs. 94.7%, P=0.202) were similar between the groups. Conclusion: Peripheral cannulation reduces cardiac injury and blood transfusion in cardiac reoperation. The cannulation type does not affect postoperative complication, mortality, and one-year survival.

Off-pump ascending aorta or aortic arch to descending aorta bypass with a pericardial roll for the treatment of critically ill infants with interrupted aortic arch.

AIM: Standard surgical treatment of the interrupted aortic arch with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass is risky especially in critically ill babies. In this manuscript, we present the results of off-pump pericardial roll bypass for the treatment of aortic interruption. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The technique was applied in nine critically ill infants between July 2011 and December 2019. Data were reviewed retrospectively. There were four girls and five boys. The types of the interruption were type B in six cases and type A in three babies. Additional cardiovascular anomalies were ventricular septal defect in all, atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale in all, single-ventricle pathologies in two and bicuspid aortic valve in three cases. All the patients were in critical situations such as intubated, having symptoms of infection, congestive heart failure or ischaemia and malperfusion leading visceral organ dysfunction. RESULTS: All patients underwent off-pump ascending aorta or aortic arch to descending aorta bypass with a pericardial roll. Post-operative early mortality occurred in one patient with severe mitral regurgitation due to cardio-septic shock. One patient who had single-ventricle pathology underwent bidirectional Glenn and was lost on the post-operative 26th day due to sepsis 2 years after operation. Two patients presented with dilatation of the pericardial tube 18 and 24 months after the operations and one underwent reconstruction of the neo-arch. The remaining patients are asymptomatic, active and within normal limits of body and mental growth. CONCLUSION: Treatment of interrupted aortic arch with a bypass with an autologous pericardial roll treated with gluteraldehyde without cardiopulmonary bypass seems a safe and reliable technique especially for the treatment of critically ill infants.

Congenital cardiac interventions during the peak phase of COVID-19 pandemics in the country in a pandemics hospital in Istanbul.

INTRODUCTION: In this report, we aim to present our algorithm and results of patients with congenital cardiac disorders who underwent surgical or interventional procedures during the peak phase of the pandemics in our country. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The first COVID-19 case was diagnosed in Turkey on 11 March, 2020, and the peak phase seemed to end by the end of April. All the patients whom were referred, treated, or previously operated but still at the hospital during the peak phase of COVID-19 pandemics in the country were included into this retrospective study. Patient's diagnosis, interventions, adverse events, and early post-procedural courses were studied. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients with various diagnoses of congenital cardiovascular disorders were retrospectively reviewed. Ages of the patients ranged between 2 days and 16 years. Seventeen cases were males and 14 cases were females. Elective cases were postponed. Priority was given to interventional procedures, and five cases were treated percutaneously. Palliative procedures were preferred in patients whom presumably would require long hospital stay. Corrective procedures were not hesitated in prioritised stable patients. Mortality occurred in one patient. Eight patients out of 151 ICU admissions were diagnosed with COVID-19, and they were transferred to COVID-19 ICU immediately. Three nurses whom also took care of the paediatric cases became infected with SARS-CoV-2; however, the children did not catch the disease. CONCLUSION: Mandatory and emergent congenital cardiac percutaneous and surgical procedures may be performed with similar postoperative risks as there are no pandemics with meticulous care and preventive measures.

A surgical technique for ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta replacement without cross-clamp, circulatory arrest or hypothermia.

Treatment of the aneurysms comprising the aortic arch is challenging. Surgical reconstruction usually requires aortic cross-clamping, cardiac arrest, and even deep hypothermia for a bloodless field. In this report, we present our surgical technique providing normothermic ascending aorta, aortic arch, and proximal descending aorta replacement with selective cannulation and perfusion of the whole body.

Giant Aneurysm of The Non-Coronary Sinus of Valsalva.

Aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva are defined as dilatation of the aortic root region between the aortic annulus and the sinotubular junction. Isolated aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva are rare cardiovascular pathologies. They may be congenital, especially secondary to connective tissue disorders or in conjunction with congenital cardiac defects, or acquired such as secondary to infections or trauma. Small sized aneurysm without rupture in asymptomatic patients may be followed; however, latter cases require intervention and surgery is the gold standard treatment modality. In this report, a 41-year-old male patient was reported with giant aneurysm of the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva whom underwent aortic root sparing surgical aortic sinus of Valsalva reconstruction.

Application of Hybrid Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for the Treatment of Subsequent Shock following Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Developing after Firearm Injury.

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cardio-circulatory shock has been widely accepted. In recent years, a variety of novel and exceptional indications for ECMO have been proposed; however, experience with ECMO use in the presence of multiple penetrating injuries is limited. In this report, we present successful ECMO application in a patient with multiple firearm injuries. Veno-venous ECMO was applied for ARDS and converted to the venoarterial mode when the patient developed septic cardiomyopathy. The clinical status of the patient gradually improved, and the patient was discharged from the hospital after 24 days, successfully.

A new surgical approach to a patient with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: A case report.

Anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery is a very rarely seen congenital heart disease in children. Fatal ischemic and arrhythmic complications usually occur during early infancy, when pulmonary vascular resistance falls and left coronary artery flow decreases. Nearly 10% of patients reach childhood and adulthood, if extensive collateral coronary artery circulation develops. In this article, we report our end-to-end anastomosis technique of the left internal mammary artery to the left main coronary artery in a-10-year-old patient.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a blast-phase chronic myeloid leukemia patient with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae tricuspid valve endocarditis: A case report.

In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the occurrence of blastic transformation is rare. Treatment outcome is generally poor. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the only potentially curative treatment option for advanced-phase CML. Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in patients with haematological malignancies. Infection and colonization by these multiresistant bacteria may represent a challenge in SCT recipients for the management of post-transplantation complications, as well as for the eligibility to receive a transplant in patients who acquire the pathogen prior to the procedure. We herein report the case of a blast-phase CML patient with a highly resistant, CRKP-associated tricuspid valve endocarditis, who was treated with a combination of systemic antimicrobial therapy and surgical valve repair, and subsequently underwent a successful allo-SCT.