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AIM: Chemoresistance is a major cause of treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. In this study, the impact of the IGF2BP family of RNA-binding proteins on CRC chemoresistance was investigated using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. METHODS: Gene expression data from a well-characterized cohort and publicly available cross-linking immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-Seq) data were collected. Resistance to chemotherapeutics was assessed in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Functional studies were performed in 2D and 3D cell culture models, including proliferation, spheroid growth, and mitochondrial respiration analyses. RESULTS: We identified IGF2BP2 as the most abundant IGF2BP in primary and metastastatic CRC, correlating with tumor stage in patient samples and tumor growth in PDXs. IGF2BP2 expression in primary tumor tissue was significantly associated with resistance to selumetinib, gefitinib, and regorafenib in PDOs and to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in PDX in vivo. IGF2BP2 knockout (KO) HCT116 cells were more susceptible to regorafenib in 2D and to oxaliplatin, selumitinib, and nintedanib in 3D cell culture. Further, a bioinformatic analysis using CLIP data suggested stabilization of target transcripts in primary and metastatic tumors. Measurement of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) revealed a decreased basal OCR and an increase in glycolytic ATP production rate in IGF2BP2 KO. In addition, real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis confirmed decreased expression of genes of the respiratory chain complex I, complex IV, and the outer mitochondrial membrane in IGF2BP2 KO cells. CONCLUSIONS: IGF2BP2 correlates with CRC tumor growth in vivo and promotes chemoresistance by altering mitochondrial respiratory chain metabolism. As a druggable target, IGF2BP2 could be used in future CRC therapy to overcome CRC chemoresistance.
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Neoplasias Colorrectales , Humanos , Oxaliplatino/farmacología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión GénicaAsunto(s)
Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/prevención & control , Neoplasias Ováricas/prevención & control , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Profilácticos/psicología , Salpingectomía/psicología , Anciano , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/cirugía , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/métodos , Femenino , Enfermedades de la Vesícula Biliar/cirugía , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Prioridad del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Proyectos Piloto , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Profilácticos/métodos , Investigación Cualitativa , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Salpingectomía/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. Furthermore, with more than 1.2 million cases registered per year, it constitutes the third most frequent diagnosed cancer entity worldwide. Deregulation of protein synthesis has received considerable attention as a major step in cancer development and progression. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis and are functionally linked to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The identification of factors accounting for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) development is a major gap in the field. Besides the importance of eIF3 subunits and the eIF4 complex, eIF1, eIF5 and eIF6 were found to be altered in primary and metastatic CRC. We observed significant difference in the expression profile between low and high grade CRC. eIF1, eIF5 and eIF6 are involved in translational control in CRC. Our findings also indicate a probable clinical impact when separating them into low and high grade colon and rectum carcinoma. eIF and mTOR expression were analysed on protein and mRNA level in primary low and high grade colon carcinoma (CC) and rectum carcinoma (RC) samples in comparison to non-neoplastic tissue without any disease-related pathology. To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting eIF1, eIF5 and eIF6 siRNA knockdown in HCT116 and HT29 cells was performed. We evaluated the eIF knockdown efficacy on protein and mRNA level and investigated proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, as well as colony forming and polysome associated fractions. These results indicate that eIFs, in particular eIF1, eIF5 and eIF6 play a major role in translational control in colon and rectum cancer.
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Colorectal carcinoma represents a heterogeneous entity, with only a fraction of the tumours responding to available therapies, requiring a better molecular understanding of the disease in precision oncology. To address this challenge, the OncoTrack consortium recruited 106 CRC patients (stages I-IV) and developed a pre-clinical platform generating a compendium of drug sensitivity data totalling >4,000 assays testing 16 clinical drugs on patient-derived in vivo and in vitro models. This large biobank of 106 tumours, 35 organoids and 59 xenografts, with extensive omics data comparing donor tumours and derived models provides a resource for advancing our understanding of CRC. Models recapitulate many of the genetic and transcriptomic features of the donors, but defined less complex molecular sub-groups because of the loss of human stroma. Linking molecular profiles with drug sensitivity patterns identifies novel biomarkers, including a signature outperforming RAS/RAF mutations in predicting sensitivity to the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Cetuximab/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine whether a protective diverting ileostomy improves short-term outcomes in patients with rectal resection and colonic J-pouch reconstruction for low anastomoses. Criteria for the use of a proximal stoma in rectal resections with colonic J-pouch reconstruction have not been defined sufficiently. METHODS: In a multicenter prospective study, rectal cancer patients with anastomoses below 8 cm treated with low anterior resection and colonic J-pouch were randomized to a defunctioning loop ileostomy or no ileostomy. The primary study endpoint was the rate of anastomotic leakage, and the secondary endpoints were surgical complications related to primary surgery, stoma, or stoma closure. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2014, a total of 166 patients were randomized to 1 of the 2 study groups. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the overall leakage rate was 5.8% in the stoma group and 16.3% in the no stoma group (P = .0441). However, some patients were not treated according to randomization and only 70% of our patients with low anastomoses received a pouch. Therefore, we performed a second analysis as to actual treatment. In this analysis, as well, leakage rates (P = .044) and reoperation rates for leakage (P = .021) were significantly higher in patients without a stoma. In multivariate analysis, male gender (P = .0267) and the absence of a stoma (P = .0092) were significantly associated with anastomotic leakage. CONCLUSION: Defunctioning loop ileostomy should be fashioned in rectal cancer patients with anastomoses below 6 cm, particularly in male patients, even if reconstruction was done with a J-pouch.
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Ileostomía , Proctocolectomía Restauradora , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía , Recto/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Fuga Anastomótica/epidemiología , Fuga Anastomótica/etiología , Fuga Anastomótica/prevención & control , Colon/cirugía , Reservorios Cólicos , Femenino , Humanos , Análisis de Intención de Tratar , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The latest investigations of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have revealed their important role in human cancers. LncRNAs are larger than 200 nucleotides in length and fulfill their cellular purpose without being translated into proteins. Though the molecular functions of some lncRNAs have been elucidated, there is still a high number of lncRNAs with unknown or controversial functions. In this review, we provide an overview of different lncRNAs and their role in human cancers. In particular, we emphasize their importance in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer worldwide.