Dynamics of celiac disease-specific serology after initiation of a gluten-free diet and use in the assessment of compliance with treatment.

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of celiac disease-related serology in monitoring patients on a gluten-free diet has been debated. AIM: To describe serologic changes over time and assess whether serology tests can predict compliance with the gluten-free diet. METHODS: Sera obtained at baseline and every 3 months thereafter for 1 year in 82 adult celiac disease patients were assayed for: (1) IgA antigliadin, (2) IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase, (3) IgA endomysial, (4) IgA, and (5) IgG anti-deamidated gliadin peptides, (6) dual detection of IgA and IgG anti-deamidated gliadin peptides, (7) a single assay for IgA and IgG of both anti-deamidated gliadin peptide and anti-tissue transglutaminase, and (8) IgA antiactin antibodies. RESULTS: At 3 months after diagnosis, most antibody assays significant decrease in mean concentrations (p<0.0001) and the percentage of positive samples (p<0.0001) with further improvement in subsequent determinations. Strictly adherents had significantly lower concentrations of antibodies (p<0.01 to p<0.00001) and smaller proportion of positive samples for IgA endomysial, IgA antiactin antibodies and IgA antigliadin (15.6%, 17.4% and 23.9%, respectively) than partially compliant. At 1 year, IgA endomysial (p<0.02), IgA antiactin antibodies (p<0.05) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (p<0.02) predicted the degree of compliance. CONCLUSIONS: Gluten-free diet treatment produced rapid and significant qualitative and quantitative changes in celiac disease-related antibodies which may be useful for monitoring dietary compliance.

Enfermedad celíaca / Celiac disease

La enfermedad celíaca (Ee) es una enteropatía inflamatoria crónica autoinmune desencadenada por el gluten de la dieta, que presenta múltiples manifestaciones clínicas y la padecen los individuos genéticamente susceptibles. Se ha demostrado que afecta al 0.5-1% de la población general, pero continúa aún ampliamente subdiagnosticada. La presentación clásica de diarrea y malabsorción es la menos frecuente evidenciándose un incremento manifiesto de las formas atípicas y silentes. Diversas pruebas serológicas que cuentan con una elevada sensibilidad y especificidad están disponibles como herramientas útiles para la pesquisa y el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Hasta la actualidad, el tratamiento es el cumplimiento de una dieta libre de gluten de por vida, a través de la cual la gran mayoría de los pacientes revierten y mejoran su cuadro clínico y su calidad de vida. Por el carácter multiorgánico de la enfermedad, los médicos de atención primaria y especialistas no gastroenterólogos deberían contar con un alto grado de sospecha de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, no existen suficientes evidencias para la búsqueda de la EC a través de estudios de "screening" poblacional.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory enteropathy, trigger by the presence of gluten in the diet. It presents with multiple clinical manifestations, the susceptible genetic persons who suffer these. It has be en demonstrate that affects the 0.5-1% of the general population, but there are many of them that are still under diagnosis. The classic presentation of diarrhea and malabsortion is the less frequent, making evident the in crease of the atypical and quiet forms. There are available several serologic tests, with high sensitivity and specificity, very useful for the investigation and diagnosis of this disease. Until now , CD treatment is a free gluten diet for life, through it, the patients revert and improve the clinical manifestations and their life qua lit y Because of the multiorganic nature of this disease, physicians that work in primary care and specialists not gastroenterologists, must be aware of this condition. However there is not enough evidence for the search of celiac disease through population "screening" studies.