Retrorectal Bronchogenic Cyst With a Sacrococcygeal Surgical Approach.

We present a case of a bronchogenic cyst in the retrorectal space that was successfully treated with a unique sacrococcygeal surgical approach, thus avoiding abdominal access. This report aims to enhance the literature with our technique and to help the scientific community in treating future retrorectal bronchogenic cyst cases. A 19-year-old man presented to the hospital with testicular pain refractory to over-the-counter analgesics. A cyst lesion in the presacral region was found during pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. We identified the cyst's epithelium as the respiratory type, containing ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with foci of squamous metaplasia. The bronchogenic cyst is abnormal from the primitive foregut, and its location on the retrorectal site is rare. Patients with this type of lesion are usually asymptomatic, and discovery is commonly incidental during imaging exams. Excision is advised, and the prognosis is good after retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst removal. Our description of the topic is essential to assist future similar cases.

The Aging Process Alters IL-1ß and CD63 Levels Differently in Extracellular Vesicles Obtained from the Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid.

OBJECTIVE(S): The aim of this study was to investigate exosomal markers and inflammatory cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in the aging process. We also studied the inflammatory cargo by quantifying IL-1ß levels. METHODS: Male Wistar rats, aged 3 and 21 months, were used (n = 12 in each group). The CSF and plasma of animals were collected, and isolation of EVs was performed using a commercial kit. Total protein concentration, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and CD63 and IL-1ß levels were evaluated. RESULTS: AChE activity in EVs increased in both samples, specifically in the circulating EVs and those in the CSF of the older group. An age-related increase was observed in CD63 levels in EVs from the CSF but a decrease was observed in plasma EVs of the older group. Student's t test showed that the young adult rats had significantly higher circulating IL-1ß levels in the EVs compared to the aged ones, without any effect on central content. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the normal aging process causes different changes in the profiles of central and circulating EVs. Altered IL-1ß levels in circulating EVs can be linked, at least partly, to age-related inflammatory conditions, and a disruption of the CFS exosomes in aged rats, evaluated by CD63 levels, can be related to susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders.