Although it induces synchronized ovulation, hCG reduces the fertility of Santa Ines ewes submitted to TAI / Embora induza a ovulação sincronizada, hCG reduz a fertilidade de ovelhas Santa Inês submetidas à IATF

The aim of this study was to evaluate hCG treatment on ovarian response and on pregnancy rate using a 9-day oestrus synchronization protocol in Santa Ines ewes. On a random oestrus cycle day, ewes received an intravaginal progesterone device (Primer-PR®, Tecnopec, Brazil). Nine days later (Day 9), 30µg of d-cloprostenol (Prolise®, Syntex, Argentina) and 250IU of eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Brazil) were administered and the progesterone device was removed. This moment, the ewes were randomly assigned on two groups: Control Group and hCG Group. In the hCG Group, the ewes received 500IU of hCG (Vetecor®, Hertape-Calier, Spain) 24h after device removal. In the Control Group, the ewes did not receive any ovulation inductor. Control and hCG Groups ewes were inseminated 60h and 48h after device removal, respectively. There was no difference between the groups regarding the first ovulatory follicle diameter and the second ovulatory follicle. hCG Group ewes had shorter interval between device removal and ovulation (Control: 79.9±15.4h and hCG: 54.7±4.9h; P=0.001) and more synchronized ovulations. However, the treatment with hCG decreased the pregnancy rate after TAI (P=0,009). In conclusion, hCG administration improves ovulatory synchronisation, but causes a decrease in the pregnancy rate.(AU)

Avaliou-se o tratamento com hCG na resposta ovariana e na taxa de prenhez utilizando protocolo de sincronização do estro de nove dias em ovelhas Santa Inês. As ovelhas receberam um dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona em fase aleatória do ciclo (dia zero= D0). No momento da remoção do dispositivo (D9), as fêmeas receberam 30µg de d-cloprostenol (Prolise®, Syntex, Argentina) e 250UI de eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Brasil). Nesse momento, as ovelhas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em dois grupos de tratamento: controle sem indução de ovulação e tratamento com 500UI hCG para indução de ovulação. As ovelhas dos grupos controle e hCG foram inseminadas 60h e 48h após a remoção do dispositivo, respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para o diâmetro do primeiro e do segundo folículo pré-ovulatório. As avelhas do grupo hCG apresentaram menor intervalo entre a remoção do dispositivo e a ovulação (grupo controle: 79.9±15.4h e grupo hCG: 54.7±4.9h; P=0.001) e maior sincronização das ovulações. No entanto, o tratamento com hCG diminuiu a taxa de prenhez após a IATF (P=0,009). Conclui-se que, apesar de a administração de hCG aumentar a sincronização da ovulação, reduz a taxa de prenhez.(AU)

Dissolution, dislocation and dimensional changes of endodontic sealers after a solubility challenge: a micro-CT approach.

AIM: To evaluate, using a novel micro-CT approach, the solubility and dimensional changes of an MTA-based sealer inside the root canal system after a solubility challenge. The MTA-based material (MTA Fillapex) was compared to a gold standard epoxy-based endodontic sealer (AH Plus). METHODOLOGY: Ten human mandibular premolars with a single canal were divided randomly into two groups (n = 5) according to the sealer used. The canals were instrumented using the Reciproc System (VDW) with a R40 file and filled with R40 gutta-percha cones and one of the sealers. The filled canals were immediately scanned in a micro-CT, and after that, the teeth were immersed in 20 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C for 7 days, when they were removed and rescanned. Final image stacks were registered against the initial stacks and the numerical difference between the initial and final volume of the filling material was obtained. Calculations were performed to identify dimensional changes of the filling material. All image stacks were 3D rendered to disclose areas of dislocation of the filling material inside or outside the root canal. The Shapiro-Wilk's test revealed that data were normally distributed; thus, the Student's t-test was used to detect statistically significant changes, assuming a 5% α-error. RESULTS: No significant changes were seen for the percentage volume of material lost after the solubility challenge for both AH Plus and MTA Fillapex groups (1.44% and 1.16%, respectively). A significant difference was, however, found for the volume of filling material which revealed dimensional changes after the solubility test (6.68% for MTA Fillapex and 1.09% for AH Plus). In fact, observation of 3D models disclosed that MTA Fillapex was associated with material extrusion through the foramen in all but one sample. In AH Plus filled samples, no material extrusion was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Although the solubility of both sealers was similar using this novel micro-CT approach, MTA Fillapex was associated with significant dimensional changes related to material extrusion through the apex after PBS storage compared to AH Plus.

Effect of caponisation on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chickens.

The meat fats content associated to nutritional and sensory characteristics are the most important concerns of consumers. To study the effect of caponisation on the meat quality of two different breed chickens, slaughtered at 18 weeks of age, raised under the same conditions, the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of capons (castrated males at 8 weeks of age) and roosters��� meat of native Amarela Portuguesa and native Pedr��s Portuguesa breeds were evaluated. Forty Amarela (20 roosters and 20 capons), 40 Pedr��s (20 roosters and 20 capons) chickens, and also, six free-range chicken and six broilers were evaluated. The pH, water-holding capacity, Warner-Bratzler shear force, moisture content, ash, myoglobin, collagen, CP, total fat and fatty acids profile were evaluated in breast and leg meat, according to standard procedures. Leg meat capon showed greater intramuscular fat content (P���0.05), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and CP (P���0.001) than leg roosters. Caponisation increased the content of myoglobin and MUFA (P���0.05) and reduced the moisture content in the leg (P���0.05). The main fatty acids found were oleic acid (C18:1), palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2). The greatest value of C18:1 was observed in capon���s breast (P���0.01). Sensory analysis was made to compare the Amarela and Pedr��s meat with a free-range chicken and a broiler. The sensory taste panel classified the capon���s meat (Amarela and Pedr��s) as juicier, less fibrous and tougher than rooster���s meat. The broiler was in general juicier, tenderer and less fibrous than the other birds. The results of sensory analysis complement those obtained in physicochemical analysis, suggesting that caponisation promotes an overall improvement in meat quality.

High-resolution tweezers for cutting and coagulation reprocessing.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of the use of high resolution instruments in surgery, with reduction in the operative time, easy handling and effectiveness in the incisions, as well as lower smoke generation and thermal tissue damage. AIM: To demonstrate the technical feasibility of reusing devices of high resolution for cutting and coagulation, theoretically recommended for single use. METHOD: Was evaluated the efficacy of cleaning, sterilization process and functional quality of the material. The process was applied in four tweezers brand Ligasure - Valleylab. Each was identified with ribbons of different colors autoclavable for tracking. Two were submitted directly to the cleaning after the first use and from the other two were collected samples of this cleaning for the first culture. All tweezers passed through the cleaning process prior to sterilization. Then were sterilized in hydrogen peroxide. After the sterilization process, was taken material from the devices and put it on saline solution for culture. After, the tweezers were tested by a surgeon to analyze its performance in a sample of beef. Randomly at each test the researcher contaminated tweezers with strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. This process was repeated four times. The material was sent to the laboratory and seeded in culture medium capable of microbiological identification. For quality control tests all biological, chemical and quality certification of products used in the process were attached. RESULTS: The results of all cultures were negative, and functionality was preserved in the four reuses. CONCLUSION: As to the functionality, the tweezers may be used at least four times, the number of times tested in this experiment. Therefore, it can be used for five times, the first coming from the factory and four more after reprocessing.

Reprocessamento de pinças de alta resolução para corte e coagulação / High-resolution tweezers for cutting and coagulation reprocessing

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos demonstraram as vantagens clínicas da utilização dos instrumentos de alta resolução em cirurgia, com a redução do tempo operatório, fácil manuseio e efetividade nas incisões, assim como menor geração de fumaça e danos térmicos teciduais. OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a viabilidade técnica de reutilização das pinças de alta resolução para corte e coagulação teoricamente recomendadas para uso único. MÉTODO: Foi avaliada a eficácia da limpeza, garantia do processo de esterilização e qualidade funcional do material. O processo foi aplicado em quatro pinças da marca Ligasure- Valleylab. Cada uma foi identificada com fitas autoclaváveis de cores diferentes para rastreamento. Duas foram submetidas diretamente à limpeza após a primeira utilização e nas outras duas foi coletado, antes desta limpeza, material para a primeira cultura. Todas as pinças passaram por processo de limpeza antes da esterilização. Em seguida foram esterilizadas em peróxido de hidrogênio. Após o processo de esterilização foi colhida, de cada pinça, cultura em meio de solução fisiológica. Após esta coleta todas as pinças foram testadas por um cirurgião quanto à sua atuação em uma amostra de carne bovina. Randomicamente, a cada teste o pesquisador contaminava uma pinça com cepas de Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans. Este processo foi repetido por quatro vezes. O material foi encaminhado ao laboratório e semeado em meio de cultura passível de identificação microbiológica. Para controle de qualidade todos os testes biológicos, químicos e certificados de qualidade dos produtos utilizados no processo foram anexados. RESULTADOS: Os resultados de todas as culturas foram negativos e a funcionabilidade preservada nas quatro reutilizações. CONCLUSÃO: Quanto à funcionabilidade, as pinças podem ser utilizadas por no mínimo até quatro vezes, que foi o número de vezes testado neste experimento. Portanto, ela pode ser utilizada por cinco vezes, sendo a primeira vinda de fábrica e mais quatro após reprocessamento.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of the use of high resolution instruments in surgery, with reduction in the operative time, easy handling and effectiveness in the incisions, as well as lower smoke generation and thermal tissue damage. AIM: To demonstrate the technical feasibility of reusing devices of high resolution for cutting and coagulation, theoretically recommended for single use. METHOD: Was evaluated the efficacy of cleaning, sterilization process and functional quality of the material. The process was applied in four tweezers brand Ligasure - Valleylab. Each was identified with ribbons of different colors autoclavable for tracking. Two were submitted directly to the cleaning after the first use and from the other two were collected samples of this cleaning for the first culture. All tweezers passed through the cleaning process prior to sterilization. Then were sterilized in hydrogen peroxide. After the sterilization process, was taken material from the devices and put it on saline solution for culture. After, the tweezers were tested by a surgeon to analyze its performance in a sample of beef. Randomly at each test the researcher contaminated tweezers with strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. This process was repeated four times. The material was sent to the laboratory and seeded in culture medium capable of microbiological identification. For quality control tests all biological, chemical and quality certification of products used in the process were attached. RESULTS: The results of all cultures were negative, and functionality was preserved in the four reuses. CONCLUSION: As to the functionality, the tweezers may be used at least four times, the number of times tested in this experiment. Therefore, it can be used for five times, the first coming from the factory and four more after reprocessing.

SPSS programs for the measurement of nonindependence in standard dyadic designs.

Dyadic research is becoming more common in the social and behavioral sciences. The most common dyadic design is one in which two persons are measured on the same set of variables. Very often, the first analysis of dyadic data is to determine the extent to which the responses of the two persons are correlated-that is, whether there is nonindependence in the data. We describe two user-friendly SPSS programs for measuring nonindependence of dyadic data. Both programs can be used for distinguishable and indistinguishable dyad members. Inter1.sps is appropriate for interval measures. Inter2.sps applies to categorical variables. The SPSS syntax and data files related to this article may be downloaded as supplemental materials from brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental.

Follicular dynamics in Serrana goats.

Twenty-two Serrana goats were studied through two successive estrous cycles in order to characterize their follicular dynamics during the breeding season. The ovaries of the goats were scanned daily by real-time ultrasonography and all follicles >or=3mm were measured and classified. The data were classified by the number of follicular waves per goat to test the hypothesis that temporal and morphological differences between the last follicular wave of an ovary, irrespective of ovulation, will affect the selection of the next ovulatory wave. The mean interovulatory interval was 20.7+/-1.0 days (mean+/-S.D.). Three to five waves per estrous cycle were observed and 61.3% (19/31) of cycles had four waves. In estrous cycles with four waves, the day of onset of the first, second, third and fourth wave was 1.4+/-1.0, 6.9+/-1.4, 11.6+/-1.8 and 16.8+/-1.6, respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were found between the day of onset of the first and second waves for estrous cycles with three, four or five waves. However, the day of onset of the third and fourth waves occurred later when the number of waves per estrous cycle increased (P<0.001). The duration of the interwave interval (time between the day of onset of two consecutive waves) was longer when the second wave was ovulatory. The length of the growth phase (2.4+/-0.9 days) and size (5.9+/-0.7 mm) of the dominant follicle in the second wave were lower (P<0.01) than for the first wave (3.3+/-1.2 days and 6.6+/-0.9 mm, respectively) and the fifth wave (4.1+/-1.2 days and 7.5+/-1.0mm, respectively). Within pairs of ovaries, the onset of the last wave occurred later (P<0.05) and was less variable in ovulatory ovaries (day 16.8+/-1.4, n=20) than in anovulatory ovaries (day 15.1+/-3.7, n=20). The length of the growing phase was longer (P<0.001) in the last waves of ovulatory ovaries (3.1+/-0.9 days) than in the last waves of anovulatory ovaries (1.7+/-0.8 days). These results support the hypothesis that the day of onset of the ovulatory wave is related to or, at least, conditioned by the luteolysis and the decrease in plasma progesterone. In summary, the estrous cycle of Serrana goats is characterized by sequential follicular wave growth with a great variability in their onset and duration, with the exception of the ovulatory wave. The temporal and morphological differences observed in the last wave of estrous cycle provide strong evidence for the role of progesterone in their regulation.

Testosterone concentration in blood serum of buffalo bulls during 24 hours in winter and summer seasons

Concentraçöes de testosterona foram determinadas por radioimunoensaio em 30 amostras de soro sanguíneo obtidas cinco vezes durante 24 horas, de 6 búfalos adultos Jaffarabadi x Mediterrâneo. As amostras foram obtidas durante um dia do inverno e um dia do veräo de 1991. As concentraçöes de testosterona variaram de 0,10 a 1,36 ng/ml no inverno e de 0,10 a 2,454 ng/ml no veräo. Valores máximos foram obtidos às 6,00 horas (0,52 ng/ml) no veräo e 0,82 ng/ml no inverno, ocorrendo entäo duas quedas abruptas, a primeira às 12 horas (0,37 ng/ml) no veräo e 0,21 ng/ml no inverno e a segunda 24 horas (0,17 ng/ml) no veräo e 0,49 ng/ml no inverno. No veräo, níveis mais altos de testosterona sérica foram observados durante o dia

Biochemical study of semen of buffaloes. I. Determinantions of fructose, calcium, GOT and GPT

Seis búfalos provenientes de cruzamentos entre as raças Jaffarabadi e Mediterrâneo, com aproximadamente 36 meses de idade, foram submetidos a 16 colheitas de sêmen, quinzenalmente, entre os meses de maio a agosto de 1990, por meio de eletroejaculaçäo ou vagina artificial. No sêmen total foram determinadas, em mg/ml, as concentraçöes de frutose e cálcio, enquanto que, na fraçäo rica em espermatozóides, fizeram-se dosagens de GOT e GPT, em ug/ml. Verificou-se que nas amostras colhidas com vagina artificial os valores de frutose foram significantemente maiores, ao passo que, naquelas obtidos por eletroejaculaçäo, predominaram valores mais altos de GOT e GPT. Relativamente ao cálcio, näo houve diferença significativa quanto aos métodos de colheita