Axillary arterial access for balloon dilatation of coarctation of aorta in newborns: a case series.

Balloon dilatation of coarctation of aorta is a standard of care for the patients presenting with severe left ventricular dysfunction. It can be performed through femoral, carotid, and axillary arterial access. Very few case series were available in the literature through axillary arterial access, despite being its advantage as non-end artery and easily palpable in coarctation of aorta. We present our experience with five cases of neonatal coarctation of aorta with severe left ventricular dysfunction where successful balloon dilatation of coarctation of aorta was performed via axillary approach without adverse events.

Impact of Electrophysiological and Clinical Variants, and Timing of Plasmapheresis on Outcome of Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune polyneuropathy causing acute flaccid paralysis and it is known to improve with plasmapheresis. OBJECTIVE: To study effects of electrophysiological type of GBS, clinical variant of GBS and time taken for initiation of plasmapheresis on outcome of disease. METHODS: 50 consecutive patients of GBS attending tertiary care hospital underwent clinical examination and electrophysiological studies. Disability grade was calculated and patients were observed for full functional recovery for 6 months. RESULTS: In this study, patients in whom plasmapheresis was started within 7 days (n=39) were observed to have significantly better improvement in terms of smaller peak disability and rapid functional recovery compared to those in whom plasmapheresis was started after 7 days (n=11). (p<0.002). Demyelinating pattern on electrophysiology was observed to have better outcome in terms of all parameters compared to axonal. AIDP variant was observed to have best outcome and AMSAN variant was associated with worst outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid institution of plasmapheresis is the most important outcome determining factor. Irrespective of the variant specific comorbidity, early plasmapheresis improves outcome in all parameters.