RESUMEN
We evaluated the effects of supplementing yeast mannan-reach-fraction on growth performance, jejunal morphology and lymphoid tissue characteristics in weaned piglets challenged with E. Coli F4. A total of 20 crossbred piglets were used. At weaning, piglets were assigned at random to one of four groups: piglets challenged and fed the basal diet supplemented with yeast mannan-rich fraction (C-MRF, n = 5); piglets challenged and fed the basal diet (C-BD, n = 5); piglets not challenged and fed the basal diet supplemented with yeast mannan-rich fraction (NC-MRF, n = 5), and piglets not challenged and fed the basal diet (NC-BD). Each dietary treatment had five replicates. On days 4, 5 and 10, piglets were orally challenged with 108 CFU/mL of E. Coli F4. C-MRF piglets had higher BW (p = 0.002; interactive effect) than C-BD piglets. C-MRF piglets had higher (p = 0.02; interactive effect) ADG in comparison with C-BD piglets. C-MRF piglets had higher (p = 0.04; interactive effect) ADFI than C-BD piglets. The diameter of lymphoid follicles was larger (p = 0.010; interactive effect) in the tonsils of C-MRF piglets than C-BD piglets. Lymphoid cells proliferation was greater in the mesenteric lymphnodes and ileum (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively) of C-MRF piglets. A reduction (p > 0.05) in E. Coli adherence in the ileum of piglets fed MRF was observed. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that dietary yeast mannan-rich fraction supplementation was effective in protecting weaned piglets against E. Coli F4 challenge.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica , Mananos , Levaduras , Animales , Porcinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Porcinos/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Yeyuno/crecimiento & desarrollo , Destete , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Tejido Linfoide/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are two closely related protozoans that infect a wide range of animals, including birds. However, the occurrence of N. caninum and T. gondii in seabirds is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum DNA in tissue samples of seabirds. Tissue samples of the pectoral muscles, heart, and brain were collected from 47 birds along the coastline of Santa Catarina State, SC, Brazil. The DNA was extracted from the tissues and screened using nested-PCR (nPCR) targeting internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). T. gondii DNA was detected in tissues from seven seabirds (7/47, 14.8%), kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) (5/21), and Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) (2/8). N. caninum DNA was detected in tissues of nine seabirds (9/47, 19.1%), the kelp gull (L. dominicanus) (4/21), Manx shearwater (P. puffinus) (2/8), neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) (1/4), brown booby (Sula leucogaster) (1/5), and white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) (1/1); however, no co-infection was observed. In conclusion, this study showed the circulation of N. caninum and T. gondii in seabirds along the coastline of Santa Catarina State. Further studies are required to clarify the role of these birds in the epidemiology of neosporosis and toxoplasmosis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves , Coccidiosis , ADN Protozoario , Neospora , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis Animal , Animales , Toxoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Toxoplasma/genética , Brasil/epidemiología , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , Neospora/genética , Toxoplasmosis Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Toxoplasmosis Animal/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Coccidiosis/diagnóstico , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/parasitología , ADN Protozoario/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Protozoario/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Aves/parasitología , Charadriiformes/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living nematode that occasionally causes infections in horses. We report a rare case of limb fracture of horse caused by infection with H. gingivalis. An 8-year-old mare was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras with claudication grade 5 of the right hind limb, that had been started 3 months ago. The patient had aseptic arthritis in the tarsal joint and edema that extended to the quartile. The radiographic examination showed punctate osteolysis with exacerbation of bone trabeculation along the calcaneus, talus, proximal epiphysis of the third metatarsal and distal epiphysis of the tibia. Treatment for arthritis was initiated, and the animal showed a slight improvement in limb function. However, 21 days after hospitalization, due to a comminuted fracture of the tibia, it was euthanized. At necropsy, yellowish masses were found from the metatarsal to the tibia, and around the tarsal bones and joint. Similar masses were also found in the left kidney. Numerous nematodes compatible with H. gingivalis were identified. This is the first description of a pathological fracture caused by H. gingivalis infection in an equine limb.
Asunto(s)
Artritis , Fracturas Óseas , Fracturas Espontáneas , Rabdítidos , Animales , Femenino , Caballos , Extremidad InferiorRESUMEN
Determining the occurrence of Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in municipalities with no case records is important to define surveillance strategies and is essential to reduce lethality in different regions. Therefore, an approach aimed at enhancing surveillance in municipalities with an unknown epidemiological situation was tested, according to the classification suggested by Resolution SMA/SES 07/01/16. Canine sera collected in the annual anti-rabies campaign were submitted to the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Rickettsia amblyommatis, R. belli, R. parkeri, R. rickettsii and A. phagocytophilum. Titers ≥1:64 and ≥1:320 were considered positive for Rickettsia spp. and A. phagocytophilum, respectively. For Rickettsia spp., 61.8% of dogs were seropositive, with 26% positive for more than one species, and 42.3% were seropositive for R. rickettsii. Dogs from the urban area presented 5.16 (CI 1.18; 7.69) times greater odds of seropositivity for R. parkeri (p = 0.037) and 3.39 (CI 1.04; 3.70) times greater odds for R. belli (p = 0.017). Considering the 1:40 cutoff point, 19.1% of dogs were reactive for A. phagocytophilum. Two (1%) dogs in rural areas were positive (titer 1:640). The results indicate all species ever tested in Lavras/MG, since the present study is the city's first report on the subject. According to classifications of the aforementioned Resolution, the results determine that the municipality of Lavras should be considered a "risk area" for Brazilian spotted fever(BSF). The methodology presented is efficient, straight forward to perform and inexpensive for diagnosing a risk situation for BSF and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Moreover, its use can be applied throughout Brazil and other countries as a public health alert guideline.
Asunto(s)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum , Enfermedades de los Perros , Infecciones por Rickettsia , Rickettsia , Perros , Animales , Humanos , Infecciones por Rickettsia/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Rickettsia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
This study aims to report the detection of N. caninum DNA in a newborn lamb (1) with neurological signs and congenital neosporosis and in a stillborn lamb (2), both born from the same ewe in a herd of Southern Brazil. The lambs were born during different pregnancies of a Suffolk ewe seropositive to N. caninum and seronegative to T. gondii. Histopathological lesions were observed only in the central nervous system of the lambs. The newborn lamb (1) showed mild and focal gliosis in the frontal lobe. In the hippocampal region of the stillborn lamb (2), lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffs and N. caninum cysts were observed in the cytoplasm of neurons and confirmed by IHC. PCR was performed using brain samples to detect the protozoa N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. The infection with N. caninum was confirmed in the newborn lamb (1) by PCR and in the stillborn lamb (2) by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR tests.
Asunto(s)
Coccidiosis , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/veterinaria , Neospora , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Ovinos/parasitología , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/epidemiología , Coccidiosis/transmisión , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Femenino , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , Embarazo , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/transmisiónRESUMEN
Neospora caninum is a protozoan that is considered an important agent of reproductive disorders in ruminants worldwide, and vertical transmission is the main form of infection and maintenance of neosporosis in herds. In goats, there have been no studies that have evaluated the transmission of N. caninum between successive generations. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate, through IFAT and PCR, the endogenous transplacental transmission of N. caninum in up to five generations of six families of dairy goats naturally infected by the parasite and whether it was possible for dairy goats to become free of infection over successive generations. Ninety-five serum samples from positive animals and 75 samples from negative animals were analyzed for N. caninum. Of the 95 samples analyzed, 93 contained anti-N. caninum antibodies (97.8 %). Titers of anti-N. caninum antibodies varied (increasing or decreasing) in the offspring; however, with an increase in the number of the goat generations, the offspring tended to have lower titers (pâ¯=â¯0.021) at the day of birth. Reproductive disorders such as abortions, stillbirth or fetal retention occurred at a rate of 10.4 % and were not influenced by the mother's titer of anti-N. caninum antibodies at the day of parturition or abortion. The results showed that infection by N. caninum persists throughout generations in congenitally infected goats.
Asunto(s)
Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Cabras/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/transmisión , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/veterinaria , Neospora , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Coccidiosis/sangre , Coccidiosis/transmisión , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Cabras , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Embarazo , Complicaciones Parasitarias del Embarazo/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The regular intake of fiber generates numerous health benefits. However, the efficacy depends on the duration of consumption and the ingested dose. Studies investigating the optimal dose are of interest to enable the inclusion of fiber in the routine treatment of diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of ß-glucan (BG-isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), in comparison to n-3 supplement, on the inflammatory and metabolic parameters of Wistar rats induced to diabetes by streptozotocin. METHODS: Forty animals were randomly divided into six groups receiving 0 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, or 40 mg/kg BG daily for 4 weeks or fish oil derivative [1000 mg/kg of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3)] for the same period. One additional group was composed of healthy controls. Serum metabolic and immunological parameters were evaluated by colorimetric and ELISA assays respectively. Histopathological analysis of the liver, small intestine and pancreas were also conducted. Significant changes due to BG intake were set into regression models with second-degree fit in order to estimate the optimal BG dose to achieve health benefits. RESULTS: The animals that ingested BG had lower food and water intake (p < 0.05) than the negative control group (0 mg/kg). However, consumption was still elevated in comparison to healthy controls. Blood glucose and serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, and TG (p < 0.05) reduced in comparison to diabetic animals without treatment (better or similar to n-3 group depending on dose), but did not reach normal levels (in comparison to healthy controls). HDL-c was not different (p > 0.05) among all groups. These reductions were already seen with the lowest dose of 10 mg/kg. On average, the serum levels of the hepatic enzymes ALT and AST were 40% and 60% lower in the BG groups in comparison to diabetic animals without treatment (better results than n-3 group). The group receiving 40 mg/kg reached similar values of healthy controls for ALT; whereas the same result occurred from the dose of 10 mg/kg for AST. The ideal dose, estimated from the mean of all metabolic parameters was approximately 30 mg/kg/day. Regarding the immunological profile, TNF-α significantly decreased in the BG groups compared to controls (p < 0.05), reaching better values than n-3 group and similar to healthy controls. No significant differences were found between the groups in IL-1ß or IL-10 (p > 0.05). No histological changes were found in the pancreas, liver, or intestine due to treatment among diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS: BG significantly reduced blood glucose as well as serum total cholesterol, LDL-c and TG. There was a hepatoprotective effect due to the reduction in ALT and AST and a reduction in TNF-α, indicating a modulation of the immune response. In general, BG effects were better than n-3 supplement (or at least comparable) depending on the dose.
RESUMEN
Melanoma progression is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) when tumor cells reduce E-cadherin and increase N-cadherin expression resulting in an escape from the microenvironment via loss of cellular adhesion and gain of motility. Transcription factor proteins Snail and ZEB trigger EMT by repression of epithelial markers and activation of mesenchymal properties. This study evaluated E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression by IHC and investigated their relationship with morphological characteristics in cutaneous and oral canine melanoma. Results from melanoma cases demonstrated E-cadherin expression in 45% (9/20) of oral and 58% (22/38) of cutaneous tumors, while N-cadherin expression was observed in 95% (18/19) of oral and 92% (34/37) of cutaneous melanoma. Cytoplasmic and nuclear N-cadherin expression was positively correlated with ZEB1 expression, while the cell membrane N-cadherin expression was positively correlated with ZEB2. In addition, an increase in nuclear N-cadherin expression was associated with reduced Snail expression in cutaneous melanoma and an increase in Snail expression in oral melanoma, indicating that the correlation between N-cadherin and Snail expression is coincident with tumor location. Our data suggest that ZEB family protein is associated with N-cadherin translocation from cell membrane to the cytoplasm and nuclei, and may act as important transcription factors of EMT regulation in canine melanoma.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiología , Melanoma/veterinaria , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/metabolismo , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/metabolismo , Animales , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Adhesión Celular , Movimiento Celular , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Perros , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Melanoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/veterinaria , Neoplasias Cutáneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Homeobox 1 de Unión a la E-Box con Dedos de Zinc/genéticaRESUMEN
Goats are frequently described as an intermediate host for the protozoan Neospora caninum, manifesting the disease mainly by recurrent abortions with placentitis and encephalitis in fetuses. Several reports of natural and experimental infections in cattle and mice show differences in the immune response, and the outcome of the infection can be variable depending on the species affected and by the behavior of the infective strain. This study describes for the first time two Neospora caninum strains isolated from naturally infected goats from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. One placenta and one brain from different goats were processed for a first bioassay in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Subsequently, a second bioassay was performed by inoculating the processed brain samples from gerbils into Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) knockout mice (KO mice). Tachyzoites collected from the peritoneal fluid of the KO mice were inoculated into VERO cell monolayers, where they presented a very slow growth rate. The tachyzoites were also inoculated into BALB/c mice with a dose of 106 tachyzoites per animal. After a 5-week follow up, the animals infected with both of the strains developed a strong polarized Th1 response with increased serum and spleen gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (mainly IFN-γ and TNF-α) in the first week. Tissue lesions were mild in the animals infected with both strains. Despite the strong immune response preventing an infection in the visceral organs, the parasite was able to reach the brain, causing progressive brain lesions from the second to fifth week post infection. The NC-goat1-infected mice presented with severe meningoencephalitis, but the NC-goat2-infected animals had considerable histological brain lesions only at week 5. Immunohistochemical analysis of the mouse brains revealed a different pattern of inflammatory cells compared to the naturally infected goats. A severe inflammatory infiltrate of CD3+ T lymphocytes was found in the NC-goat1-infected mice. A more discrete infiltrate of CD3+ T cells was found in the NC-goat2-infected animals. Additionally, IBA1 IHC revealed an intense microglial reaction and monocyte perivascular cuffs in the NC-goat1-infected animals and lower microglia/monocyte infiltrates in the NC-goat2-infected mice. This work contributes knowledge on the pathogenicity of new Neospora caninum strains in mice, comparable with other well-established mouse models of the disease, and demonstrates the importance of studying goats as an intermediate host of this parasite.
Asunto(s)
Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Cabras/parasitología , Neospora/patogenicidad , Animales , Bioensayo/veterinaria , Encéfalo/parasitología , Encéfalo/patología , Chlorocebus aethiops , Coccidiosis/parasitología , Coccidiosis/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Gerbillinae , Enfermedades de las Cabras/patología , Cabras , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Interferón gamma/genética , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , Páncreas/patología , Placenta/patología , Embarazo , Bazo/metabolismo , Bazo/patología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Células VeroRESUMEN
Trypanosomiasis is caused by a pathogenic protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma, being Trypanosoma vivax the most important agent for cattle. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the expansion of T. vivax infection in different mesoregions of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and describe the clinicopathological findings of trypanosomiasis in cattle. The diagnosis was based on visualization of the parasite in blood smears and DNA detection of T. vivax in the blood of live cows and tissues of necropsied animals by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty suspected herds were tested, of which 11 were positive for T. vivax. The most frequent clinical signs were anemia, apathy, drop in milk production, weight loss, reproductive disorders, and nervous signs. Concomitant diseases, such as malignant edema, pneumonia and increased cases of mastitis were associated with T. vivax infection. Three cows were necropsied and the most significant findings were low body condition score, pale mucous and spleen with white pulp hyperplasia. The results demonstrated the expansion of T. vivax infection in Minas Gerais, that PCR-associated blood smears are promising for diagnosis, and that other diseases often occur concomitantly to T. vivax infection in regions with trypanosomiasis in cattle.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Trypanosoma vivax/aislamiento & purificación , Tripanosomiasis Africana/veterinaria , Estructuras Animales/parasitología , Estructuras Animales/patología , Animales , Sangre/parasitología , Brasil/epidemiología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Microscopía , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Tripanosomiasis Africana/epidemiología , Tripanosomiasis Africana/parasitología , Tripanosomiasis Africana/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan that is considered one of the main agents responsible for abortion in ruminants. The lesions found in the central nervous system (CNS) of aborted fetuses show multifocal necrosis, gliosis, and perivascular cuffs of mononuclear cells, but the inflammatory and glial cells have not been immunophenotypically characterized. The lesions in the CNS of infected adult animals have rarely been described. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the lesions, the immunophenotypes of the inflammatory and glial cells and the expression of MHC-II and PCNA in the CNS of goats infected with N. caninum. The CNS of eight aborted fetuses and six adult male goats naturally infected with N. caninum were analyzed with lectin histochemistry (RCA1) and immunohistochemistry (with anti-CD3, -CD79α, -GFAP, -MHC-II, and -PCNA antibodies). All animals were the offspring of dams naturally infected with N. caninum. RESULTS: The microscopic lesions in the CNS of the aborted fetuses consisted of perivascular cuffs composed mainly of macrophages (RCA1(+)), rare T lymphocytes (CD3(+)), and rare B lymphocytes (CD79α(+)). Multifocal necrosis surrounded by astrocytes (GFAP(+)), gliosis composed predominantly of monocytic-lineage cells (macrophages and microglia, RCA1(+)), and the cysts of N. caninum, related (or not) to the lesions were present. Similar lesions were found in four of the six male goats, and multinucleate giant cells related to focal gliosis were also found in three adult goats. Anti-GFAP immunostaining showed astrocytes characterizing areas of glial scarring. Cysts of N. caninum were found in three adult male goats. The presence of N. caninum was evaluated with histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated anti-PCNA labeling of macrophages and microglia in the perivascular cuffs and the expression of MHC-II by microglia and endothelial cells in the CNS of the aborted fetuses and adult male goats. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophages and microglia were the predominant inflammatory cells in the CNS of aborted fetuses and healthy adult male goats infected with N. caninum. Activated astrocytes were mainly associated with inflamed areas, suggesting that astrocytes were involved in the resolution of the lesions.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Central/parasitología , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Cabras/patología , Neospora , Neuroglía/parasitología , Animales , Sistema Nervioso Central/embriología , Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Coccidiosis/patología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/embriología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/parasitología , Cabras/embriología , Cabras/parasitología , Masculino , Neuroglía/patologíaRESUMEN
O presente estudo avaliou a participação de agentes bacterianos e virais em abortos em bovinos de propriedades rurais do sul de Minas Gerais. Foi realizada análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica dos casos de aborto recebidos pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Lavras no período de 1999 a 2013. De 60 fetos analisados, em 30 (50%) foram observadas lesões microscópicas. Destes, oito apresentavam lesões compatíveis com infecção por agentes bacterianos e três apresentaram lesões sugestivas de agentes virais. Dos abortos bacterianos, um feto tinha lesões compatíveis com leptospirose, caracterizadas por icterícia e colestase, nefrite intersticial linfoplasmocítica e nefrose tubular. Sete fetos apresentaram pneumonia ou broncopneumonia purulenta; num deles havia também pleurite e peritonite fibrinosas; e em dois desses fetos houve imunomarcação para Brucella abortus. Dos três fetos com lesões sugestivas de aborto viral ocorreu imunomarcação anti-Herpesvírus bovino em um. Os resultados demonstram a ocorrência de abortos de origem bacteriana e viral na Região do estudo e que medidas profiláticas devem ser adotadas nas propriedades. O trabalho demonstra também que a imuno-histoquímica (IHQ); associada à histopatologia; é uma ferramenta útil e viável para o diagnóstico, especialmente quando provas microbiológicas e/ou sorológicas não estão disponíveis.
The paper evaluates the participation of bacterial and viral agents in bovine abortions in farms of southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed in aborted fetuses of cattle received by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, from 1999 to 2013. From 60 fetuses studied, 30 (50%) had microscopic lesions. From these, eight had lesions consistent with bacterial agents and three had lesions suggestive of viral agents. In the bacterial abortions, one fetus presented lesions compatible with leptospirosis, characterized by jaundice, cholestasis, lymphoplasmacytic intersticial nephritis, and tubular nephrosis. Seven fetuses had purulent pneumonia or bronchopneumonia and one of them had also fibrinous pleuritis and peritonitis; two of them presented positive immunostaining for Brucella abortus. One of the three fetuses with lesions of viral infection revealed positive imunostaining for bovine herpesvirus. The results showed that abortions of bacterial and viral origin occur in the Region of this study and prophylactic measures should be adopted on the farms. This study also demonstrates that immunohistochemistry associated with histopathology is a useful and viable tool for the diagnosis, especially when microbiological and/or serological tests are not available.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Aborto Veterinario , Aborto Séptico/veterinaria , Bovinos/microbiología , Bovinos/virología , Brucella abortus/aislamiento & purificación , Feto Abortado/anatomía & histología , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinariaRESUMEN
Neosporosis is an important cause of abortion in cattle and information on their genetics and host parasite relationships are desirable. Neospora caninum samples obtained from 24 bovine fetuses from Minas Gerais, were genetically analyzed in part of the rDNA region, coding for rRNAs. Previously, brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, ovary or testis, uterus and skin of the ear were analyzed by conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Of these, eight had lesions compatible in the brain and heart and two also in skeletal muscle and liver. Three brains showed antigen identification in immunohistochemistry. Brain and heart tissues were subjected to DNA extraction for PCR, whose product of 588 bp of ITS-1 region was sequenced in three samples. We obtained 96% similarity with dozens of sequences N. caninum deposited in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree showed great conservation among isolates of N. caninum in this study and those deposited in GenBank, while well-defined and specific branches were generated against other Apicomplexa. PCR for this region is useful as a diagnosis, with good analytical specificity, but the ITS-1 region is not suitable for genetic differentiation intra species because the sequences obtained were identical to the others analyzed.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/parasitología , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Feto/parasitología , Neospora/genética , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , BrasilRESUMEN
Neosporosis is an important cause of abortion in cattle and information on their genetics and host parasite relationships are desirable. Neospora caninum samples obtained from 24 bovine fetuses from Minas Gerais, were genetically analyzed in part of the rDNA region, coding for rRNAs. Previously, brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, ovary or testis, uterus and skin of the ear were analyzed by conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Of these, eight had lesions compatible in the brain and heart and two also in skeletal muscle and liver. Three brains showed antigen identification in immunohistochemistry. Brain and heart tissues were subjected to DNA extraction for PCR, whose product of 588 bp of ITS-1 region was sequenced in three samples. We obtained 96 percent similarity with dozens of sequences N. caninum deposited in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree showed great conservation among isolates of N. caninum in this study and those deposited in GenBank, while well-defined and specific branches were generated against other Apicomplexa. PCR for this region is useful as a diagnosis, with good analytical specificity, but the ITS-1 region is not suitable for genetic differentiation intra species because the sequences obtained were identical to the others analyzed.
A neosporose é uma importante causa de abortos em bovinos, e informações sobre sua genética e relação parasito-hospedeiro são desejáveis. Amostras de Neospora caninum, obtidas de 24 conceptos bovinos oriundos de Minas Gerais, foram analisadas geneticamente em parte da região rDNA, codificadora de rRNAs. Previamente, cérebro, coração, fígado, músculo esquelético, pulmão, rim, baço, timo, linfonodos, ovário ou testículo, útero e pele da orelha foram analisados por histopatologia convencional e imuno-histoquímica. Dessas, oito apresentaram lesões compatíveis no encéfalo e coração e dois também no músculo esquelético e fígado. Três cérebros apresentaram identificação antigênica na imuno-histoquímica. Tecidos cerebral e cardíaco foram submetidos a extração de DNA para PCR, cujo produto de 588 pb da região ITS-1 foi sequenciado em três amostras. Obteve-se similaridade de 96 por cento com dezenas de sequências de N. caninum depositadas no GenBank. A árvore filogenética mostrou grande conservação entre isolados de N. caninum deste estudo e aqueles depositadas no GenBank, enquanto ramos bem definidos e específicos foram gerados em relação a outros apicomplexa. A PCR para esta região é útil como diagnóstico, com boa especificidade analítica, mas a região ITS-1 não é apropriada para a diferenciação genética intraespécie, pois as sequências obtidas foram idênticas às demais analisadas.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos/parasitología , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Feto/parasitología , Neospora/genética , Neospora/aislamiento & purificación , BrasilRESUMEN
Baccharis coridifolia is one of the most important poisonous plants to cattle in the South of Brazil. The plant provokes necrotic lesions in the lymphoid tissues and in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Experimental administration to mice produces most of the lesions seen in the lymphoid tissues of cattle. This study was conducted to search possible differences in the susceptibility of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations. Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of cattle and mice experimentally poisoned were evaluated. The results were evaluated based on cell populations affected or remaining in the organs. Immunostaining for B lymphocytes (anti-BLA-36) identified the germinal center of follicles of the lymph node, spleen and GALT in both species. Immunostaining for T lymphocyte (anti-CD3) identified the paracortical area of the germinal centers of the lymph nodes and GALT, the periarteriolar area of the spleen, and the whole thymus both in cattle and mice. Experimentally poisoned cattle and mice shows necrosis of the germinal center of secondary follicles of the lymph nodes, spleen and GALT, where necrotic cells were immunostained for B and less often for T lymphocyte. Necrotic cells in the paracortical region of the lymph node were less often and were not immunostained. Necrotic lesions of the thymus were seen only in mice, with positively stained for T lymphocyte. The distribution of the lesions in the lymphoid tissues and the immunostaining in necrotic cells suggested that the active principles of the plant are cytotoxic to B and T cells.
Baccharis coridifolia é uma das mais importantes plantas tóxicas para bovinos no Sul do Brasil. A intoxicação pela planta produz lesões necróticas nos tecidos linfóides e no trato gastrointestinal de bovinos. A administração experimental para camundongos produziu a maioria das lesões que ocorrem nos tecidos linfóides de bovinos. Este estudo foi conduzido para detectar as possíveis diferenças na susceptibilidade das populações de linfócitos T e B. Foram utilizados linfonodos, baço, timo e acúmulos linfóides associados ao intestino de bovinos e camundongos experimentalmente intoxicados pela planta. Os resultados foram avaliados com base na população de células lesadas ou por aquela que permaneceram nos tecidos. Em ambas as espécies, na marcação imunoistoquímica para linfócitos B (anti-BLA-36) predominou a região do centro germinativo dos linfonodos, baço e acúmulos linfóides associados ao intestino. A marcação para linfócitos T (anti-CD3) predominou na região paracortical dos linfonodos, acúmulos linfóides associados ao intestino e região periarteriolar do baço e timo de ambas as espécies. Bovinos e camundongos experimentalmente intoxicados demonstraram acentuada necrose do centro germinativo dos folículos secundários dos linfonodos, baço e intestino, onde as células necrosadas foram marcadas pela imunoistoquímica para linfócitos B e em menor freqüência para linfócitos T. Necrose celular na região paracortical do linfonodo foi discreta e sem marcação imunoistoquímica. Células necróticas no timo foram observadas somente em camundongos, com imunoistoquímica positiva para linfócitos T. A distribuição das lesões nos tecidos linfóides associadas à marcação imunoistoquímica das células necrosadas sugerem que o princípio ativo da planta é citotóxico para células T e B.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Baccharis/toxicidad , Bovinos , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratones , Plantas Tóxicas/efectos adversos , Tejido Linfoide/lesionesRESUMEN
The poisonous plant Baccharis coridifolia causes necrosis in lymphoid tissues and the gastrointestinal tract of cattle, horses, sheep and rabbits. An experimental poisoning of mice was undertaken to establish an experimental model in a laboratory animal specie. A single 5 to 8-g/kg dose of a suspension of the plant was administered by gavage to 11 mice. To 3 other control mice, the same volume of water was administered. Plant-dosed mice manifested clinical effects after 12 h: tachipnea, trembles, dehydration and prostration. Most of the dosed mice died 14 to 33 h after plant administration--3 survived for 12 d. Six mice had remarkable necrosis of the germinative center of secondary follicles in lymph nodes and spleen; 3 mice had necrosis of lymphoid tissues in intestine and thymus. Mice reproduce most of the lesions observed in naturally poisoned cattle and the use of this specie as an experimental model is valid.
Asunto(s)
Baccharis/envenenamiento , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Intoxicación por Plantas/patología , Administración Oral , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Hígado/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Plantas Tóxicas/envenenamiento , Intoxicación , Bazo/patologíaRESUMEN
Relata-se um caso de porfiria eritropoética congênita em um bovino Holandês Preto e Branco, fêmea, de 9 meses de idade, proveniente da cidade de Machado, MG. O quadro clínico caracterizava-se pela presença de lesöes crônicas de fotossensibilizaçäo observadas nas partes näo pigmentadas do corpo, que apareceram após a exposiçäo do animal à luz solar, aos 4 meses de idade. Além da fotossensibilizaçäo, as alteraçöes macroscópicas mais evidentes foram coloraçäo marrom-avermelhada dos ossos e marrom-rosada dos dentes, causadas pela deposiçäo de porfirina.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/congénito , Porfiria Eritropoyética/veterinaria , Porfirinas , Luz Solar/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Treze terneiros receberam Baccharis coridifolia recém-colhida ou dessecada, em doses únicas que variaram entre 0,5 e 5g/kg. Um terneiro recebeu quatro administrações diárias de 0,5g/kg da planta dessecada. Dois terneiros não receberam a planta e serviram como controles. A planta foi colhida mensalmente de julho de 1991 a maio de 1992 e em março de 1993, e foi analisada para seu conteúdo em tricotecenos macrocíclicos. Quando em floração, as amostras dos espécimes macho e fêmea da planta foram analisadas e administradas aos terneiros separadamente. Os níveis de tricotecenos macrocíclicos e seus glicosídeos foram muito maiores nas plantas fêmeas em floração do que os níveis observados nas plantas não em floração e nas plantas machos em floração. Dez bovinos morreram espontaneamente ou foram sacrificados devido à toxicose. Dois terneiros que receberam a planta fêmea em floração, adoeceram e morreram, enquanto que três terneiros que receberam a planta macho em floração não adoeceram. Os sinais clínicos nos terneiros intoxicados foram anorexia, desidratação, atonia ruminal, tensão e dores abdominais, diarréia líquida, focinho seco, instabilidade dos membros posteriores e decúbito esternal. Os achados patológicos incluiram lesões necróticas no tubo gastrintestinal, particularmente nos pré-estômagos, e nos tecidos linfóides com exceção do timo. Esse último achado sugere um efeito sobre as células B do tecido linfóide. A distribuição das lesões nos sistemas digestivo e linfóide foi sistematicamente determinada. Conclui-se que os tricotecenos macrocíclicos presentes na planta são responsáveis pelas lesões observadas na toxicose e que a planta fêmea em floração é substâncialmente mais tóxica que a planta macho em floração ou das plantas que não estão em floração. Essa diferença em toxicidade é devida à diferença no conteúdo de tricotecenos macrocíclicos
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Bovinos , Asteraceae , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Sistema Digestivo , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Um caso de "lechiguana" bovina, é relatado em bovino proveniente de Fama, MG, que apresentou aumento de volume de aproximadamente 30x8cm, de consistência firme e com superfície ulcerada, localizado no lado esquerdo da regiäo toracolombar. As lesöes microscópicas caracterizaram-se por paniculite piogranulomatosa proliferativa, com linfangite e microabscessos eosinofilicos. Em alguns abscessos havia rosetas (Splendore-Hoeppli) associadas a bactérias Gram-negativas. Após a biópsia o animal foi tratado com 3g diárias de cloranfenicol, por 5 dias. Houve total recuperaçäo dentro de 30 dias.