Análise da situação de saúde dos idosos usuários de uma política municipal de atividades físicas / Analysis of health status of older adults users of a municipal physical activity program / Análisis de la situación de salud de los adultos ancianos de una política municipal de actividad física

Introdução: Políticas públicas intersetoriais em saúde são intervenções populacionais (e de cunho ecológico) muito utilizadas para a redução da carga global de doença e otimização de recursos tanto financeiros quanto humanos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a situação de saúde de usuários idosos de uma política municipal de atividades físicas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com amostragem baseada em centros comunitários (N dispositivos comunitários=11), que disponibilizam práticas de movimentos corporais e outros, subsidiados pela Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Social e Esporte (SMDSE), Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (RS). A amostragem de usuários foi ponderada para o total de usuários atendidos por centro, adotando seleção aleatória simples. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, em que a equipe de coleta se deslocou ao território adscrito dos usuários para a condução de inquérito de saúde autoaplicado e a avaliação funcional; de forma contrária, os usuários compareceram a um centro de coleta para a série laboratorial (sem jejum). Resultados: Foram incluídos e analisados 351 usuários (média±desvio padrão, 70±6 anos). Para fatores de risco cardiovasculares, a prevalência de hipercolesterolemia foi de 54,2% e de 49,3% para hipertensão arterial sistêmica ­ as mais elevadas. O transtorno de sono foi prevalente em 55,3% da amostra. Entre as doenças autorrelatadas, os participantes listaram as cardiovasculares (14,3%), câncer prévio (14,6%), diabetes (13,2%), artrite reumatoide/ reumatismo (29,6%) e depressão (sem discriminador de depressão maior/ menor) (18,6%). A capacidade funcional, estimada pelo teste de caminhada em 6 minutos e a força de preensão manual, preditores de mortalidade cardiovascular e agravos, tiveram valores médios encontrados de 498,05±78,96 m e 27,08±8,14 kg, respectivamente. Conclusão: Os achados do presente estudo permitem contrastar prevalências estimadas em idosos participantes de um programa público de atividades físicas com outras estimativas em grupos de comparação, possibilitando a análise de situação de saúde com base em diferentes comportamentos e fatores de risco. Por fim, o trabalho viabilizou a monitorização de intervenções públicas para idosos em nível comunitário, sendo um ponto de base para acompanhamento futuro.

Introduction: Intersectoral public policies on health are population (and ecological) interventions widely used to reduce the global burden of disease and optimize both financial and human resources. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the health status of older adults users of a municipal policy on physical activities. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample based on community centers (N community centers=11), which provide body movement practices and others, funded by the Municipal Department of Social Development and Sports (SMDSE), City Hall of Porto Alegre (state of Rio Grande do Sul ­ RS, Brazil). The users' sample was weighted by the number of users of each center, by simple random sampling. Data collection took place between April 2018 and February 2019, in which the collection team went to the users' assigned territory to conduct a self-administered health survey and functional assessment; conversely, the users attended a collection center for laboratory tests (without fasting). Results: A total of 351 users (mean±SD, 70±6 years old) were included. For cardiovascular risk factors, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 54.2% and 49.3% for systemic arterial hypertension ­ the highest levels. Sleep disorder was prevalent in 55.3% of the sample. Among the self-reported diseases, participants listed cardiovascular (14.3%), previous cancer (14.6%), diabetes (13.2%), rheumatoid arthritis/rheumatism (29.6%), and depression (without major/minor depression discrimination) (18.6%). Functional capacity, estimated by the six-minute walk test, and handgrip strength, predictors of cardiovascular mortality and injuries, had mean values of 498.05±78.96 m and 27.08±8.14 kg, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study allow contrasting prevalence rates estimated in older adults participants of a public physical activity program with other estimates in comparison groups, enabling the analysis of health status based on different behaviors and risk factors. All in all, our study enabled to monitor public interventions for older adults at the community level, serving as a baseline for future monitoring.

Introducción: Las políticas de salud pública intersectoriales tienen el potencial de destacar la reducción de la carga global de enfermedad y la optimización de los recursos financieros y humanos. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la situación de salud de los usuarios, ancianos, de una política municipal de actividades físicas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal con muestreo a partir de centros comunitarios (N dispositivos comunitarios=11), que brindan prácticas de movimiento corporal y otras, subsidiadas por la Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Social e Esporte (SMDSE), Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre (RS). El muestreo de usuarios fue ponderado por el total de usuarios atendidos por centro, adoptando selección aleatoria simple. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre abril/2018 y febrero/2019, cuando el equipo de recolección viajó al territorio asignado de los usuarios para realizar una encuesta de salud auto aplicada y evaluación funcional; por el contrario, los usuarios acudían a un centro de recogida de series de laboratorio (sin ayuno). Resultados: Se incluyeron y analizaron 351 usuarios (media±DP, 70±6 años). Para los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, la prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia fue de 54,2% y de hipertensión arterial sistémica de 49,3%, la más alta. El trastorno del sueño fue prevalente en el 55,3% de la muestra. Entre las enfermedades auto informadas, los participantes enumeraron enfermedades cardiovasculares (14,3%), cáncer previo (14,6%), diabetes (13,2%), artritis reumatoide/reumatismo (29,6%) y depresión (sin discriminación de depresión mayor/menor) (18,6%). La capacidad funcional, estimada por la prueba de la marcha de 6 minutos, y la fuerza de prensión manual, predictores de mortalidad y lesiones cardiovasculares, tuvieron valores medios de 498,05±78,96 m y 27,08±8,14 kg, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio permiten contrastar las prevalencias estimadas en participantes ancianos de un programa público de actividades físicas con otras estimaciones en grupos de comparación, lo que permite el análisis de la situación de salud basado en diferentes comportamientos y factores de riesgo. Por último, el trabajo ha facilitado la monitorización de intervenciones públicas para personas mayores a nivel comunitario, sirviendo como punto de partida para un seguimiento futuro.

Análise da dotação orçamentária para o desporto e lazer no município de Porto Alegre no período de 2014 a 2021 / Analysis of the budget allocation for sport and leisure in the city of Porto Alegre from 2014 to 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a dotação orçamentária da cidade de Porto Alegre destinada ao Desporto e Lazer durante o período de 2014 a 2021. A hipótese inicial é a de que ocorreu um desinvestimento em políticas públicas do desporto e lazer em Porto Alegre. Para alcançar esse objetivo, propõe-se como metodologia um estudo documental tomando por base os Planos Plurianuais (PPA), Leis de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) e Leis Orçamentárias Anuais (LOA) do município. Este estudo contribui para descrever não apenas a distribuição recente dos gastos públicos, como também para discutir as prioridades de políticas públicas nas diferentes gestões analisadas (2014-2017 e 2018-2021). Os resultados, corrigidos pelo índice inflacionário IPCA, mostraram que, quando comparada as gestões, houve uma diferença negativa significativa na dotação orçamentária destinada ao desporto e lazer. Porém, essa diferença está relacionada às ações-meio, ou seja, ações que estão vinculadas a questões administrativas do desporto e lazer.

The present study aims to analyze the budget allocation of the city of Porto Alegre for Sport and Leisure during the period from 2014 to 2021. The initial hypothesis is that there was a disinvestment in public policies for sport and leisure in Porto Alegre. To achieve this goal, is proposed as a methodology a documentary study based on the Planos Plurianuais (PPA), Leis de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO) and Leis Orçamentárias Anuais (LOA) of the municipality. This study helps to describe not only the recent distribution of public spending, but also to discuss public policy priorities in the different administrations analyzed (2014- 2017 and 2018-2021). The results, corrected by the inflationary index IPCA, showed that, when comparing the administrations, there was a significant negative difference in the budget allocation for sports and leisure. However, this difference is related to middle actions, that is, actions that are linked to administrative issues of sport and leisure.

Effect of N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP), a novel tryptamine analogue, on parameters of cell viability, oxidative stress, and immunomodulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Immunomodulatory actions exerted by some classes of tryptamines, such as benzoyltryptamine analogues, suggest these molecules as promising candidates to develop new therapies to treat conditions associated to acute and chronic pain and inflammation. N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP) was observed to act as an anticonvulsive agent and exert antinociceptive effects in mouse. In the present work, we performed a screening of cytotoxic, cytoprotective, immunomodulatory, and redox properties of STP in RAW 264.7 macrophages challenged with hydrogen peroxide and LPS. Our results show that STP presents no cytotoxicity in the range of 0.001 to 1 µg/mL, but doses of 50 and 100 µg/mL caused loss of cell viability (IC(50) = 22.75 µg/mL). Similarly, STP at 0.001 to 1 µg/mL did not cause oxidative stress to RAW 264.7 cells, although it did not prevent cell death induced by H(2)O(2) 0.5 mM. At 1 µg/mL, STP reversed some redox and inflammatory parameters induced by LPS. These include thiol (sulfhydryl) oxidation, superoxide dismutase activation, and morphological changes associated to macrophage activation. Besides, STP significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1ß release, as well as CD40 and TNF-α protein upregulation. Signaling events induced by LPS, such as phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and IκBα and p65 nuclear translocation (NF-kB activation) were also inhibited by STP. These data indicate that STP is able to modulate inflammatory parameters at doses that do not interfere in cell viability.

Schistosoma mansoni infection causes oxidative stress and alters receptor for advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE) and tau levels in multiple organs in mice.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematode worms from the Schistosoma genus and is characterized by high rates of morbidity. The main organs affected in this pathology, such as liver, kidneys and spleen, are shifted to a pro-oxidant state in the course of the infection. Here, we compared oxidative stress parameters of liver, kidney and spleen with other organs affected by schistosomiasis - heart, brain cortex and lungs. The results demonstrated that mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni had altered non-enzymatic antioxidant status in lungs and brain, increased carbonyl levels in lungs, and a moderate level of oxidative stress in heart. A severe redox imbalance in liver and kidneys and decreased non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in spleen were also observed. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were differently modulated in liver, kidney and heart, and we found that differences in Superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase protein content may be responsible for these differences. Lungs had decreased receptor for advanced glycation endproduct expression and the brain cortex presented altered tau expression and phosphorylation levels, suggesting important molecular changes in these tissues, as homeostasis of these proteins is widely associated with the normal function of their respective organs. We believe that these results demonstrate for the first time that changes in the redox profile and expression of tissue-specific proteins of organs such as heart, lungs and brain are observed in early stages of S. mansoni infection.

Redox characterization of usnic acid and its cytotoxic effect on human neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y).

Usnic acid (UA) is the most common and abundant lichenic secondary metabolite with potential therapeutic application. Anti-inflammatory and antitumour properties have already been reported and UA-enriched extracts are widely used to treat several diseases in the folk medicine. First, we performed in silico evaluation of UA interactions with genes/proteins and important compounds for cellular redox balance and NO pathway. Then, we assessed UA redox properties against different reactive species (RS) generated in vitro, and evaluated its action on SH-SY5Y neuronal like cells upon hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), since no in vitro neurotoxicological data has been reported so far. Total reactive antioxidant potential index (TRAP) showed a significant antioxidant capacity of UA at the highest tested concentration; UA was also effective against hydroxyl radicals and reduced the formation of nitric oxide. In vitro, lipoperoxidation was enhanced by UA and changed the cellular viability at highest concentration of 20µg/mL for 1 and 4h, as well as 2 and 20µg/mL for 24h of treatment, according to MTT reduction assay. Moreover, UA did not display protective effects against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death in any case. Evaluation of intracellular RS production by the DCFH-based assay indicated that UA was able to induce changes in basal RS production at concentration of 20µg/mL for 1h and from 2ng/mL to 20µg/mL for 4 and 24h. In conclusion, UA could display variable redox-active properties, according to different system conditions and/or cellular environment. Moreover, our results suggest that potential neurotoxicological effects of UA should be further studied by additional approaches; for instance, in vivo and clinical studies.