Smartphone addiction in medical students: Association with perceived stress, personality factors and loneliness.

Background: Smartphone addiction (SMA) is an emerging concept. It has been associated with high perceived stress. There is a dearth of data on its association with loneliness and personality in the Indian context. Objectives: We planned this study to estimate the prevalence of SMA in medical students, verify its reported association with perceived stress, and determine its association with personality factors and loneliness. Methods: Four hundred and two medical students participated in this cross-sectional study. We used the SMA scale-short version to divide students into those having an addiction and not having an addiction. The Perceived Stress Scale, ten-item personality inventory, and University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale were used to assess perceived stress, personality, and loneliness. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were reported for all comparisons. Results: The prevalence of SMA in medical students was 34.8%. SMA was associated with higher perceived stress and loneliness. Students having SMA scored lower on personality domains of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Moreover, SMA interfered with students' social life and academic performance. Conclusions: SMA is a cause for concern. We need to plan the awareness campaigns focusing on SMA and its association with social life and academic performance. Researchers need to explore this concept in larger samples and diverse population groups to know its actual magnitude and impact. Moreover, dedicated psychiatric committees need to recommend the guidelines for the judicious use of smartphones.

SLD with and without ADHD: Comparison of cognitive profiles.

A quarter of children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) have a comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which impacts the testing of intelligence. ADHD is therefore treated before proceeding with the assessment of intelligence. It is expected that the treatment of ADHD will mitigate its effects on intelligence testing. Though this is frequently done in clinical practice, we could not find any study comparing IQ profiles of children having SLD with and without ADHD after treating ADHD to look for any changes between them. Therefore, we planned this study to compare the cognitive profiles of children having SLD with and without ADHD and describe any difference in their profiles. It was a retrospective cross-sectional study. We compared 695 children having SLD with treated ADHD to 721 children having SLD without ADHD on their WISC III profiles. We found that children having SLD with treated ADHD scored significantly lower on Digit Span and Coding. We suggest routine use of Cognitive Working Memory Training, peer tutoring, and task modifications in children having SLD with ADHD along with medicines and remedial education for better outcomes.

Severe Nutritional and Psychosocial Deficits in Avoidant/ Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Case Report. / Kaçingan/Kisitli Yiyecek Alimi Bozuklugunda (KKYAB) Görülen Agir Beslenme Eksikligi ve Psikososyal Eksiklik: Olgu Sunumu.

Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a diagnostic category that is included in the DSM 5 (American Psychiatric Association- APA 2013) and proposed by the ICD11 (The World Health Organisation-WHO 2019). Very few ARFID cases have been reported to date. This report aims to present the case of a 25-year-old female who was diagnosed with ARFID and thereby to discuss the challenges in diagnosing and managing the case.

Severe Nutritional and Psychosocial Deficits in Avoidant/ Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Case Report. / Kaçingan/Kisitli Yiyecek Alimi Bozuklugunda (KKYAB) Görülen Agir Beslenme Eksikligi ve Psikososyal Eksiklik: Olgu Sunumu.

Avoidant/Restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a diagnostic category that is included in the DSM 5 (American Psychiatric Association- APA 2013) and proposed by the ICD11 (The World Health Organisation-WHO 2019). Very few ARFID cases have been reported to date. This report aims to present the case of a 25-year-old female who was diagnosed with ARFID and thereby to discuss the challenges in diagnosing and managing the case.

Psychopathology and personality factors in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness which has far-reaching consequences not only on patients but also on relatives. These relatives are at an increased risk for developing schizophrenia, depression, and substance dependence. Psychopathology may be related to personality factors. This study was planned to assess psychopathology and personality factors in first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate any relation between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at psychiatry out- and in-patient clinic at a tertiary care teaching hospital. One hundred and fifty patients who were first-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition were enrolled in this study. Psychopathology was assessed on "Symptom Checklist 90-Revised." "Big Five Inventory" (BFI) was used to study the personality factors. The two variables were compared to look for any relation between them. RESULTS: Eighty-two of 150 (54.67%) first-degree relatives were diagnosed to have significant psychopathology. Among them, 42 (i.e., 58.5%) had either somatization or depression. Those relatives who had psychopathology scored higher on neuroticism (P = 3.51E-04) and lower on agreeableness (P = 0.029) domains of BFI. CONCLUSION: Relatives of patients with schizophrenia should be screened for psychopathology regularly, also relation between personality and psychopathology needs to be explored further.