RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Phyllanthus emblica L., renowned for its pharmacological benefits found in its fruits and leaves, has received considerable attention. However, there is a notable lack of research on its flowers, specifically on metabolite profiling and pharmacological activity. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to delineate the phytochemical constituents of hydromethanolic extract of P. emblica flowers by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods and subsequent evaluation of its anti-inflammatory potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The identification and characterization of phytochemicals in P. emblica flowers was performed by UHPLC/MS-QToF in both positive and negative ionization modes. Additionally, marker compounds present in flower extract were analyzed using HPTLC, HPLC, FT-IR, and NMR methods. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages by evaluating inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS: UHPLC/MS-QToF analysis facilitated the identification of 51 compounds from P. emblica flowers including gallic acid derivatives, flavonoid glycosides, and tannins based on their fragmentation patterns and previous literature reports. Notably, the study also identified spermidine compounds for the first time in this species. Optimization of HPTLC and HPLC methods marked the presence of corilagin as major compound followed by FT-IR and NMR spectral methods. Moreover, treatment with hydromethanolic extract of P. emblica flowers resulted in decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, alongside modulation of nuclear factor-κB activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSION: Chromatographic techniques in conjunction with spectral methods found robust prevalence in the identification of signature phytometabolites present in P. emblica flowers, which sets the basis for its anti-inflammatory potentials. The studies established a foundation for further exploration of potential applications of P. emblica flowers across various domains.
RESUMEN
Mustard (Brassica spp.) is one of the world's oldest condiments in the food basket, which holds a significant place in the global culinary landscape due to historical prominence and perceived health benefits. This study explores the extraction of oils from Mustard seeds by employing traditional 'Kolhu' method, modern supercritical fluid, and solvent extraction techniques. This study, for the first-time, identified Aurantiamide acetate, a potent anti-cancer dipeptide in Mustard seeds using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight (UPLC/MS-QToF) analytical platform. The analytical methodology was meticulously validated encompassing optimal parameters such as limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, linearity and robustness, within the range. Interestingly, 'Kolhu' method of oil extraction exhibited better yield of Aurantiamide acetate, suggesting superior efficiency of traditional methods. This study accentuates the importance of classical extraction methods, used traditionally, and emphasizes that naturally occurring substances indeed could be harnessed for better health.
Asunto(s)
Planta de la Mostaza , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de Masas , Dipéptidos , SemillasRESUMEN
Vitiligo is characterized by the development of white patches on the skin either due to the loss of functional melanocytes or perturbations in the melanogenesis pathway. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of herbo-mineral formulation, Melanogrit in neutralizing the white patches in the skin. The study utilized UPLC/MS-QToF technique to determine the diversified phytochemical profile in Melanogrit. The murine B16F10 cells when treated with Melanogrit underwent morphological changes, including increased angularity, enlarged cell size, and greater dendritic protrusions. To establish an equivalent model to study melanogenesis, we carefully optimized the dosage of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) in B16F10 cells as an alternative to using melanocyte-keratinocyte cocultures. The study determined a sub-optimal dose of αMSH (0.2 nM) in B16F10 cells that does not manifest any measurable effects on melanogenesis. In contrast, Melanogrit when used in conjunction with 0.2 nM αMSH, induced a dose-dependent increase in extracellular and intracellular melanin levels. Melanogrit transcriptionally up-regulated the decisive genes of the melanogenesis pathway, MITF, TYR, and TRP1, which was evident from the increased cellular tyrosine activity. Our findings also demonstrated that Melanogrit ameliorated the MITF protein levels by inhibiting pERK; notably without involving GSK3ß in the process. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that Melanogrit has the potential to stimulate melanogenesis, making it a promising candidate for clinical applications in the treatment of white skin patches that develop in vitiligo patients.
Asunto(s)
Monofenol Monooxigenasa , Vitíligo , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Melanocitos/metabolismo , Melanogénesis , Factor de Transcripción Asociado a Microftalmía/genética , Factor de Transcripción Asociado a Microftalmía/metabolismo , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/genética , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/farmacología , Transducción de Señal , Vitíligo/metabolismoRESUMEN
Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd. is an evergreen tree of Urticaceae family. Its bark has been extensively used in ethno-medicinal system for various ailments such as bone fracture, sprain, snakebite, and wound healing. Phyto-metabolites, which are considered as the principle components for biological activities, have been least explored for this plant. The present work investigated metabolite profiling of the stem bark of B. rugulosa in water extract using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS) technique coupled with the UNIFI platform. We identified, for the first time, 20 polyphenolic metabolites belonging to seven groups: caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids, flavan-3-ols, oligomeric flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, coumaric acid derivative, and flavone glycoside in the B. rugulosa extract. UNIFI informatics-coupled UPLC-QToF-MS platform aids in the quick identification and fragmentation pattern of metabolites, with higher degree of reproducibility. The present study provides a chemical and therapeutic basis for further exploration of B. rugulosa as a valuable source of phytochemicals that could be instrumental in deciphering its ethno-medicinal utility for various human diseases.
Asunto(s)
Boehmeria , Humanos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Corteza de la Planta , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Espectrometría de Masas , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Natural molecules have promising perspectives as adjuvants to chemotherapies against cancer. Pistacia chinensis subsp. Integerrima (hereafter, Pistacia integerrima) traditionally known for medicinal values in respiratory disorders was tested for anti-lung cancer properties. The extract prepared from Pistacia integerrima (PI) selectively impaired the viability of lung cancer cells, A549 and NCI-H460, compared to non-cancer cells. At non-lethal concentrations, PI mitigated colony-forming, spheroid formations and metastatic properties of lung cancer cells. As a step toward identifying the phytomolecule that is imparting the anti-lung cancer properties in PI, we subjected the extract to extensive characterization through UPLC/QToF-MS and further validated the findings with UHPLC. The gallotannin, penta-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose (PGG), among others, was identified through UPLC/QToF-MS. PGG exhibits potential chemopreventive effects against various cancer types. However, a defined mechanism of action of PGG in restricting lung cancer progression is still unexplored. Bioactivity-guided column fractionations enabled the determination of PGG as the major phytochemical that governed PI-mediated AMPK-ULK1-dependent autophagy and apoptosis, albeit independent of intracellular ROS activation. Interestingly, the autophagy flux when inhibited restored the cell viability even in the presence of PI. The study further delineated that PI and PGG activated ERK and inhibited STAT3 to trigger apoptosis through caspase-3 and PARP 1 pathways. Collectively, the finding demonstrates that plant extract, PGG, in the PI extract effectively combats lung cancer progression through autophagic cell death by altering ERK/AMPK-ULK1/STAT3 signaling axes. The study proposes PGG as a potential AMPK activator and STAT3 inhibitor that can be exploited further in developing adjuvant chemotherapeutics against lung cancer.
RESUMEN
For the last fifty years, Dengue has been one of the most common mosquito-borne arboviral infections which has spread over the tropical and subtropical world. Divya-Denguenil-Vati (DNV) has been formulated by blending five specific herbs for effective resolution of Dengue fever. In the present study, we aimed to identify, develop, validate, and standardize methods for Divya-Denguenil-Vati (DNV), on UHPLC and HPTLC analytical platforms, with rapid, sensitive, accurate and rugged attributes. At first, 97 phyto-constituents were identified by UPLC/MS-QToF in Divya-Denguenil-Vati. UHPLC method was then developed and validated for simultaneous determination of gallic acid, 5-HMF, protocatechuic acid, magnoflorine, methyl gallate, berberine, rutin, ellagic acid, ß-ecdysone and rosmarinic acid in DNV. Four selected markers, gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, magnoflorine and rutin were further developed and validated on HPTLC. Analytical processes were validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines; and were found linear (r 2 > 0.99), sensitive, precise (%RSD < 5%), and accurate, as indicated by high recovery values (88-105%). The limit of detection and quantification were also established for these phyto-metabolites, with their respective RSDs within 5% limits. Finally, these validated methods were employed to test twenty six different commercial batches of DNV. The quality, reproducibility and consistency of DNV have been well established using these developed and reliable analytical tools. These analytical strategies successfully set a path forward for robust quality evaluation and standardization of Divya-Denguenil-Vati, and other related herbal formulations. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10337-022-04183-7.
RESUMEN
Chronic topical cases of Sporotrichosis, a chronic fungal infection caused by the ubiquitously present cryptic members of the Sporothrix species complex, are treated with oral administrations of itraconazole. However, severe pulmonary or disseminated cases require repeated intra-venous doses of amphotericin B or even surgical debridement of the infected tissue. The unavoidable adverse side-effects of the current treatments, besides the growing drug resistance among Sporothrix genus, demands exploration of alternative therapeutic options. Medicinal herbs, due to their multi-targeting capacity, are gaining popularity amidst the rising antimicrobial recalcitrance. Withania somnifera is a well-known medicinal herb with reported antifungal activities against several pathogenic fungal genera. In this study, the antifungal effect of the whole plant extract of W. somnifera (WSWE) has been explored for the first time, against an itraconazole resistant strain of S. globosa. WSWE treatment inhibited S. globosa yeast form growth in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 of 1.40 mg/ml. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was found to be 50 mg/ml. Sorbitol protection and ergosterol binding assays, revealed that anti-sporotrichotic effects of WSWE correlated well with the destabilization of the fungal cell wall and cell membrane. This observation was validated through dose-dependent decrease in overall ergosterol contents in WSWE-treated S. globosa cells. Compositional analysis of WSWE through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) exhibited the presence of several anti-microbial phytochemicals like withanone, withaferin A, withanolides A and B, and withanoside IV and V. Withanone and withaferin A, purified from WSWE, were 10-20 folds more potent against S. globosa than WSWE, thus, suggesting to be the major phytocompounds responsible for the observed anti-sporotrichotic activity. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the anti-sporotrichotic property of the whole plant extract of W. somnifera against S. globosa that could be further explored for the development of a natural antifungal agent against chronic Sporotrichosis.
Asunto(s)
Plantas Medicinales , Sporothrix , Esporotricosis , Withania , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Itraconazol/farmacología , Itraconazol/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Esporotricosis/microbiología , Withania/químicaRESUMEN
Background and aim: Psoriasis (Ps) is a chronic skin inflammatory disorder, that progresses to scaly-red dermal plaque formations associated with inflammation. Divya-Kayakalp-Vati (DKV) and Divya-Kayakalp-Oil (DKO) are traditional Ayurveda herbo-mineral formulations, that are prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory dermal ailments. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of Divya-Kayakalp-Vati and Divya-Kayakalp-Oil (DKV-O) combined treatment in ameliorating Ps-like skin inflammation under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. Experimental procedure: Efficacy of DKV-O was analyzed in λ-carrageenan-treated Wistar rats paw edema and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-treated CD-1 mouse ear edema models through physiological and histopathological analysis. Mode of action for the DKV-O was studied in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells through pro-inflammatory cytokine analysis. Observed effects were correlated to the phytochemicals constituents of DKV-O analyzed using the HPLC method. Result and conclusion: DKV and DKO formulations were individually found to contain phytochemicals Gallic acid, Catechin, Berberine, Curcumin, Phenol and Benzoic acid. DKV-O treatment significantly reduced the paw volume and edema in Wistar rats stimulated through λ-carrageenan-treatment. Furthermore, DKV-O treatment significantly reduced the ear edema and enhanced biopsy weight, epidermal thickness, inflammatory lesions and influx of neutrophils stimulated by TPA-treatment in CD-1 mice. DKV alone ameliorated the LPS-stimulated release of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, IL-23, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha cytokines in the THP-1 cells.Taken together, DKV-O showed good efficacy in ameliorating acute systemic inflammation stimulated by effectors such as, λ-carrageenan and TPA in animal models. Hence, Divya-Kayakalp-Vati and Divya-Kayakalp-Oil co-treatment can be further explored as an anti-inflammatory treatment against dermal diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that varies in signs and symptoms in different individuals. General symptoms include dryness of the skin, itching, and development of red to brownish-gray patches. Divya-Kayakalp-Vati (DKV) and -Oil (DKO) are Indian polyherbal compositions prescribed for treating inflammatory skin diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV and DKO co-treatment (DKV-O) in ameliorating Oxazolone (OXA)-stimulated AD-like inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a Swiss albino mouse model. METHODS: Phytochemical profiling of the DKV and DKO were done using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) QToF. Swiss albino mice were sensitized for 7 days and treated with OXA in their ear region. Stimulated and control animals were orally treated with DKV and topically with DKO. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV-O was determined in OXA-treated animals through physiological, histopathological, and biochemical parameter analysis. RESULTS: DKV and DKO formulations individually contained 39 and 59 phytochemicals, respectively. Many of the phytochemicals have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. In the OXA-sensitized Swiss albino mice, combined treatment with DKV-O, and separately with Dexamethasone (positive control) significantly reduced the OXA-stimulated ear edema, biopsy weight, and epidermal thickness. DKV-O further reduced OXA-stimulated induction of inflammatory lesions, neutrophil influx, and release of Interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSION: Finally, DKV-O co-treatment showed good pharmacological effects in ameliorating AD-like inflammation through the modulation of inflammatory cell influx and release of soluble mediators. Therefore, DKV-O treatment can be used as a suitable polyherbal therapeutic against AD-like inflammatory diseases.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: During repair of tetralogy of fallot (TOF) we modified surgical strategies to preserve the valve and annulus if the pulmonary valve leaflets are pliable and not significantly dysplastic. METHODS: Initially, the repair was done from the main pulmonary artery (Group-1, 215 patients) and later through an additional incision in the infundibulum of the right ventricle (Group-2, 73 patients). Recently, we changed the approach to commissurotomy of the fused leaflets by releasing the supra valvar tethering and delamination of the cuspal apparatus till the base to improve the mobility of the cusps and do a controlled commissurotomy (Group-3, 14 patients). With delamination, we could extend the limit of the repair to a z-score of -3.5. RESULTS: There was no hospital mortality; two patients died at home after discharge. A mean follow-up of 42.01 months ± 19.25 is available for 198 patients (92%) for group 1, 16.03 ± 7.45 for group 2, and 4.07 ± 2.09 for group 3. The re-intervention-free survival is 94.4% in group 1. The z value improved from -3 (-3--2) to -1.2 (-3 - 0), P = 0.001 in Group 1, from -2.8 (-3--2.4) to -1 (-1.1--0.7), P = 0.001 in Group 2 and from -3 (-4--3) to -1, P = 0.001 in Group 3. In all the groups, there was trivial or mild pulmonary regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS: During repair of TOF, adequate valve/annulus sparing is possible if the repair is done from both the main pulmonary artery and infundibular incisions using the delamination technique.
RESUMEN
Coronil is a tri-herbal medicine consisting of immunomodulatory herbs, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, and Ocimum sanctum. The formulation has been developed specifically as the supporting measure for COVID-19. Current investigation is aimed to identify the phytoconstituents in Coronil utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with quadrapole time of flight and to establish its quality standardization using high-performance liquid chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography. Out of 52 identified compounds, cordifolioside A, magnoflorine, rosmarinic acid, palmatine, withanoside IV, withanoside V, withanone, betulinic acid, and ursolic acid were quantified in 15 different batches of Coronil on validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Similarly, withanoside IV, withaferin A, magnoflorine, palmatine, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid were analyzed on high performance thin layer chromatography. Methods were validated as per the International Council for Harmonization guidelines. These methods were specific, reproducible, accurate, precise, linear (r2 > 0.99), and percent recoveries were within the prescribed limits. The content uniformity of Coronil was ascertained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results indicated that, validated methods were fit for their intended use and the analytical quality of Coronil was consistent across the batches. Taken together, these developed methods could drive the analytical quality control of herbal medicines such as Coronil, and other formulations containing similar chemical profiles.
Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicina de Hierbas , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Fitoquímicos/análisis , COVID-19/virología , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada/métodos , Humanos , Control de Calidad , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodosRESUMEN
Congenital portosystemic shunt is a rare congenital anomaly with abnormal communication between portal venous and systemic venous systems. It can be intrahepatic or extrahepatic. Typically, the intrahepatic shunts are managed conservatively as many of them close spontaneously. We present and discuss clinical, radiological findings of an intrahepatic shunt showing the early occurrence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the neonatal period which required therapeutic intervention.
RESUMEN
Divya-Swasari-Vati (DSV) is a calcium-containing herbal medicine formulated for the symptomatic control of respiratory illnesses observed in the current COVID-19 pandemic. DSV is an Ayurvedic medicine used for the treatment of chronic cough and inflammation. The formulation has shown its pharmacological effects against SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammation in the humanized zebrafish model. The present inventive research aimed to establish comprehensive quality parameters of the DSV formulation using validated chromatographic analytical tools. Exhaustive identification of signature marker compounds present in the plant ingredients was carried out using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QToF MS). This was followed by simultaneous estimation of selected marker components using rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Eleven marker components, namely gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, methyl gallate, ellagic acid, coumarin, cinnamic acid, glycyrrhizin, eugenol, 6-gingerol, piperine and glabridin, were selected out of seventy-four identified makers for the quantitative analysis in DSV formulation. Validation of the HPLC method was evaluated by its linearity, precision, and accuracy tests as per the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Calibration curves for the eleven marker compounds showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.999). The relative standard deviation (RSD) value of intraday and interday precision tests were within the prescribed limits. The accuracy test results ranged from 92.75% to 100.13%. Thus, the present inclusive approach is first of its kind employing multi-chromatographic platforms for identification and quantification of the marker components in DSV, which could be applied for routine standardization of DSV and other related formulations.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical management of patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is debatable. This is our initial experience with pulmonary root translocation (PRT), a technique that aims to preserve the pulmonary valve function. METHODS: From July 2012 to October 2019, 16 patients underwent anatomical repair for TGA, VSD, and LVOTO. The median age was 12 months (range: 7 months to 13 years), and the median weight was 7.75 kg (range: 5.6-29.5 kg). Thirteen patients had a diagnosis of d-TGA and three had congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (cc-TGA). The surgical technique involved PRT from the left ventricle (LV) to the right ventricle and routing the LV to the aorta. The left ventricular outflow tract orifice resulting from the pulmonary root extraction was closed with a pericardial patch. In patients with cc-TGA, an atrial switch operation was added. A bidirectional Glenn was necessary in four patients with a long LV to aorta tunnel. One patient required a transannular patch to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 27 months. There was one hospital death due to residual mitral regurgitation. One patient died at home four months after hospital discharge. The remaining patients are doing well with adequate RVOT function and no valve regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS: Complete correction of TGA, VSD, and LVOTO using PRT was achieved with acceptable risk in patients with pliable and nondysplastic pulmonary valve. The translocated pulmonary root performed well in this short follow-up.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Transposición Congénitamente Corregida de las Grandes Arterias/cirugía , Ventrículos Cardíacos/trasplante , Obstrucción del Flujo Ventricular Externo/cirugía , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Ventrículos Cardíacos/cirugía , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) technique has been an important armamentarium in the correction of congenital heart diseases. There have been many controversies and concerns associated with DHCA, particularly neurological damage. Selective ante grade cerebral perfusion (SACP) was introduced as an adjunct to DHCA with the objective of limiting the neurologic injury during aortic arch repairs. Over the past two decades, various aspects of cardiopulmonary bypass and DHCA have been studied and modified such as optimisation of flows, anti-inflammatory interventions, haematocrit, and temperature to improve neurologic outcomes. With the changes in practice of DHCA, outcomes have significantly improved but SACP intuitively appears attractive to offer better neuroprotection. The strategy of conduct of SACP is evolving and needs to be standardised for comparing outcomes. In this review we have discussed the various physiological and technical factors involved in conduct of SACP in paediatric cardiac surgery and outcomes with SACP.
RESUMEN
Zebrafish has been a reliable model system for studying human viral pathologies. SARS-CoV-2 viral infection has become a global chaos, affecting millions of people. There is an urgent need to contain the pandemic and develop reliable therapies. We report the use of a humanized zebrafish model, xeno-transplanted with human lung epithelial cells, A549, for studying the protective effects of a tri-herbal medicine Coronil. At human relevant doses of 12 and 58 µg/kg, Coronil inhibited SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, induced humanized zebrafish mortality, and rescued from behavioral fever. Morphological and cellular abnormalities along with granulocyte and macrophage accumulation in the swim bladder were restored to normal. Skin hemorrhage, renal cell degeneration, and necrosis were also significantly attenuated by Coronil treatment. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis identified ursolic acid, betulinic acid, withanone, withaferine A, withanoside IV-V, cordifolioside A, magnoflorine, rosmarinic acid, and palmatine as phyto-metabolites present in Coronil. In A549 cells, Coronil attenuated the IL-1ß induced IL-6 and TNF-α cytokine secretions, and decreased TNF-α induced NF-κB/AP-1 transcriptional activity. Taken together, we show the disease modifying immunomodulatory properties of Coronil, at human equivalent doses, in rescuing the pathological features induced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, suggesting its potential use in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Neumonía Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sacos Aéreos/efectos de los fármacos , Sacos Aéreos/virología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , COVID-19 , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Infecciones por Coronavirus/patología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fiebre/tratamiento farmacológico , Fiebre/etiología , Hemorragia/prevención & control , Humanos , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Necrosis/patología , Necrosis/prevención & control , Pandemias , Fitoterapia , Neumonía Viral/patología , Neumonía Viral/fisiopatología , Mucosa Respiratoria/trasplante , Activación Transcripcional/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Pez Cebra , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease orchestrated by immune and structural cells. Identification of novel therapeutic strategies are needed for asthma due to the limitations of existing therapies. We have validated the anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and immunomodulatory therapeutic properties of herbal decoction, Divya-Swasari-Kwath (DSK) using mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA) induced allergic asthma. METHODS AND RESULTS: HPLC analysis identified the presence of Rutin, Glycyrrchzin, Gallic acid, Cinnamic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid and Piperine as bioactive herbal metabolites in DSK. Therapeutic treatment with herbal decoction DSK significantly alleviated the pathological features of allergic asthma including inflammatory cell accumulation in Broncho-Alveolar Lavage (BAL) fluids, specifically lymphocytes and eosinophils, lung inflammation, oxidative stress, airway remodelling, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. H&E analysis of lung tissue sections identified attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and thickening of bronchial epithelium by DSK. PAS staining and MT staining identified decrease in OVA-induced mucus hyper secretion and peri-bronchial collagen deposition respectively, upon DSK treatment. Treatment with DSK increased the mRNA expression of antioxidative defence gene Nrf-2 and its downstream target genes HO-1 and NQO-1. In the same line, biochemical analysis for the markers of oxidative/antioxidant system confirmed the restoration of activity of Catalase, GPx, SOD and EPO and the levels of GSH, GSSG, MDA and Nitrite in whole lungs. In line with PAS staining, DSK treatment decreased the OVA-induced expression of Muc5AC and Muc5B genes. DSK treatment reduced the steady state mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-4, -5, -33, IFN-γ in whole lung; and IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1ß protein levels in BALF. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our results suggest that herbal decoction DSK is effective in protecting against allergic airway inflammation and remodelling by regulating anti-oxidant mechanisms. We postulate that DSK could be the potential therapeutic option for allergic asthma management.
Asunto(s)
Antiasmáticos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Preparaciones de Plantas/química , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Remodelación de las Vías Aéreas (Respiratorias)/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antiasmáticos/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Asma/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Eosinófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Hipersensibilidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Medicina Ayurvédica , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Dengue is a devastating viral fever of humans, caused by dengue virus. Using a novel zebrafish model of dengue pathology, we validated the potential anti-dengue therapeutic properties of pentaherbal medicine, Denguenil Vati. At two different time points (at 7 and 14 days post infection with dengue virus), we tested three translational doses (5.8 µg/kg, 28 µg/kg, and 140 µg/kg). Dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the viral copy numbers was identified upon Denguenil Vati treatment. Hepatocyte necrosis, liver inflammation, and red blood cell (RBC) infiltration into the liver were significantly inhibited upon Denguenil treatment. Treatment with Denguenil Vati significantly recovered the virus-induced decreases in total platelet numbers and total RBC count, and concomitantly increasing hematocrit percentage, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conversely, virus-induced white blood cell (WBC) counts were significantly normalized. Virus-induced hemorrhage was completely abrogated by Denguenil after 14 days, at all the doses tested. Gene expression analysis identified a significant decrease in disease-induced endothelial apoptotic marker Angiopoetin2 (Ang-2) and pro-inflammatory chemokine marker CCL3 upon Denguenil treatment. Presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, palmetin, and berberine molecules in the Denguenil formulation was detected by HPLC. Taken together, our results exhibit the potential therapeutic properties of Denguenil Vati in ameliorating pathological features of dengue.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Virus del Dengue/efectos de los fármacos , Dengue/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Dengue/genética , Dengue/virología , Virus del Dengue/patogenicidad , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Recuento de Leucocitos , Medicina Ayurvédica , Factores de Tiempo , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacos , Pez CebraRESUMEN
We report an eight month old infant who presented with incessant Fascicular tachycardia and heart failure which was refractory to drugs and cardioversion. Sinus rhythm was restored by radio frequency ablation and this resulted in improvement in clinical status and cardiac function. Role of catheter ablation in this situation is discussed.