Why the views of Latin American Scientists on Citizen Science as a Tool for Pollinator Monitoring and Conservation Matter?

Pollinators are threatened all over the planet; scientific data about the status of them is essential for planning conservation and impact mitigation. Appropriate methods and costs for monitoring are being discussed and non-scientist participation in data collection in citizen science (CS) projects is a very promising option. However, there is criticism regarding the quality of data gathered by non-scientists and their real contribution to scientific research, which makes the engagement of scientists in these projects crucial for data verification and validation and training volunteers. CS is still poorly spread in Latin America, so in order to propose strategies to engage scientists, it is necessary to understand the attitude of these professionals towards CS and their interests in engaging in it. To this end, we conducted a survey with 96 biodiversity scientists based in five Latin American countries. In general, the respondents have a very favorable attitude towards CS, although only a small percentage of them are engaged in CS projects. Obtaining data for scientific research is the scientists' main interest in CS, although some of them have also expressed more altruistic reasons for engaging in CS related to ethical and social values. Our paper also suggests five interrelated strategies that can be taken to engage scientists in CS, covering the following: (a) create funding lines to support projects, (b) include extension and outreach activities in the system of scientists' evaluation, (c) promote an inter and transdisciplinary infrastructure, (d) promote scientists' building capacities in CS, and (e) encourage scientists to do science communication.

Performance, Effectiveness, and Efficiency of Honeybees as Pollinators of Coffea arabica (Gentianales, Rubiaceae).

Studies in crop plants analyzing floral biology in conjunction with effectiveness and efficiency of pollinators on pollen transfer and fruit formation are not common, although they are essential to provide better management actions. On this base, we selected a farm in Bahia, Brazil, to study pollination on coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.). Specifically, we want to analyze if nectar traits influence visitor's performance throughout flower lifetime and if honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836) are effective and efficient for coffee pollination comparing fertilization and fructification among four experimental treatments: open (OP), wind (WP), cross (HCP), and single-visit bee pollination (SVBP). We found that honeybees collect both nectar and pollen from coffee flowers and transfer pollen on stigmas even after one visit. No differences were found among treatments regarding the number of pollen grains transferred on the stigmas (effectiveness). OP flowers showed a comparative lower efficiency (pollen tubes and fruit set) probably due to pollination failure as those flowers have a higher variability on the number of deposited pollen grains. Two of the treatments (HCP and SVBP) showed higher fertilization (measuring tubes until the end of the style). Pollen loads seem to be limited by a peak of pollen transference by pollinators, followed by the stabilization in the number of pollen grains deposited per stigma. Thus, reproduction of the coffee can be limited by the quality of pollen grains moved by pollinators instead of quantity. Management strategies should focus on monitoring bee density on plants for increasing pollen quality transfer on flowers trough maintaining the adequate proportions of seminatural habitats and/or the number of hives on agricultural fields according to the flowering of the crop.

Germination of chia seeds submitted to saline stress / Germinação de sementes de chia submetidas ao estresse salino

Abstract Salinity, of both soil and water, is one of the main causes of crop yield decline. Within this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different salts on the germination of chia seeds. The experiment was conducted in a BOD chamber at a constant temperature of 20 °C and in the presence of light. The seeds were placed on paper soaked with aqueous solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), at the osmotic potentials zero, -0.10, -0.20, -0.30, and -0.40 MPa. The effect of the salinity was evaluated using a germination test, with counts on days 7 and 14 after sowing. Based on the results, chia seeds tolerate concentrations of NaCl to -0.4 MPa and KCl to -0.20 MPa. The salts CaCl2 and MgCl2 had a negative effect on the germination and vigor of the chia seeds for the osmotic potentials -0.30 MPa and -0.20 MPa, respectively.

Resumo A salinidade, tanto dos solos como das águas, é uma das principais causas da queda de rendimento das culturas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sais na germinação de sementes de chia. O experimento foi conduzido em câmara BOD, na temperatura constante de 20 °C e em presença de luz. As sementes foram colocadas sobre papel embebido em soluções aquosas de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2), cloreto de sódio (NaCl), cloreto de potássio (KCl) e cloreto de magnésio (MgCl2) nos potenciais osmóticos correspondentes a zero; -0,10; -0,20; -0,30 e -0,40 MPa. O efeito da salinidade foi avaliado através do teste de germinação com contagens aos 7 dias e 14 dias após a semeadura. De acordo com os resultados é possível concluir que as sementes de chia toleram concentrações de NaCl até -0,4 MPa e KCl até -0,20 MPa. Os sais CaCl2 e MgCl2 apresentam efeito negativo sobre a germinação e o vigor das sementes de chia a partir dos potenciais osmóticos de -0,30 MPa e -0,20 MPa, respectivamente.

Germination of chia seeds submitted to saline stress.

Salinity, of both soil and water, is one of the main causes of crop yield decline. Within this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different salts on the germination of chia seeds. The experiment was conducted in a BOD chamber at a constant temperature of 20 °C and in the presence of light. The seeds were placed on paper soaked with aqueous solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), at the osmotic potentials zero, -0.10, -0.20, -0.30, and -0.40 MPa. The effect of the salinity was evaluated using a germination test, with counts on days 7 and 14 after sowing. Based on the results, chia seeds tolerate concentrations of NaCl to -0.4 MPa and KCl to -0.20 MPa. The salts CaCl2 and MgCl2 had a negative effect on the germination and vigor of the chia seeds for the osmotic potentials -0.30 MPa and -0.20 MPa, respectively.

Comparison of obstetrical interventions in women with vaginal and cesarean section delivered: cross-sectional study in a reference tertiary center in the Northeast of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of obstetrical interventions and maternal and perinatal outcomes between vaginal and cesarean delivery routes in pregnant women at normal risk. Type of article: Original article. Desing: Cross-sectional study with 421 participants admitted for spontaneous or induced labor with full-term singleton gestations and fetuses weighing between 2,500 and 4,499 g. SETTING: Maternal Fetal-Medicine Service, Assis Chateaubriand Maternity, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. METHODS: The instrument of data collection was divided into socio-demographic, clinical, and obstetric characteristics; data of labor and delivery; maternal morbidity; maternal outcome and perinatal outcomes. Pearsons chi-square test and Fishers exact test were used to verify associations between the groups. RESULTS: The mean age was 22.8 ± 6.0 (vaginal) and 22.9 ± 4.9 (cesarean section). Overall, 44.5% of vaginal deliveries and 85.5% of cesarean sections were monitored electronically (p < 0.001). Immediate skin-to-skin contact (84.1%) and first-hour breastfeeding (80.4%) were more frequent in vaginal deliveries compared with cesarean deliveries (27% vs. 61.0%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of puerperal infections was 1.2% (vaginal) and 5.0% (cesarean section) with a p value of 0.02; 40% of cesarean-delivered newborns and 9.7% of vaginally-delivered newborns were referred to the neonatal intensive care unit (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The cesarean section was associated with a lower frequency of useful practices, a higher frequency of harmful practices, worse neonatal outcomes, and a higher rate of postpartum infections.

Modulation of antibiotic effect by Fe2(MoO4)3 microstrutures.

In this study, we report the antibacterial activity and modulation of antibiotic activity by Fe2(MoO4)3 microstructures obtained by the hydrothermal route without use of surfactants or organic additives. This material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The XRD pattern showed that the Fe2(MoO4)3 crystallize in a monoclinic structure without secondary phases. Raman spectroscopy confirms the formation of Fe2(MoO4)3. SEM images show that the Fe2(MoO4)3 obtained have ball-of-yarn shaped morphology. In the antibacterial assays, strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were assayed by microdilution method to evaluate the antibacterial and modulatory-antibiotic activity with antibiotics as gentamicin, norfloxacin and imipenem. Against all bacteria, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was Fe2(MoO4)3 ≥ 1024 µg/mL. This high MIC result must be associated with the fact of the iron be an essential microelement to the bacterial growth. However, when the Fe2(MoO4)3 was assayed in association with the antibiotics was observed an antagonistic effect demonstrated by an enhance of the MIC. This fact is associated directly with the pro-oxidative properties of metallic oxides. These compounds enhance the production of free radicals, as H2O2 and superoxide ions that can affect the cell structures as cell membrane and cell wall. Other effect is associated with the possible coordination of the metal, performing bonds with the chemical structure of the antibiotics, reducing their activity. Our results indicated that nanocompounds as Fe2(MoO4)3 can not be used as antimicrobial products for clinical usage, neither directly and neither in association with antibiotics.

Physicochemical analysis of Permian coprolites from Brazil.

In this paper we performed the study of two coprolites (fossilized feces) collected from the exposed levels of the Pedra de Fogo Formation, Parnaiba Sedimentary Basin, and Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Sedimentary Basin, both of the Palaeozoic era (Permian age). They were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, infrared, Raman and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques in order to aid our understanding of the processes of fossilization and to discuss issues related to the feeding habits of the animals which generated those coprolites, probably cartilaginous fishes. The results obtained using a multitechnique approach showed that although these coprolites are from different geological formations, 3000km away from each other, they show the same major crystalline phases and elemental composition. The main phases found were hydroxyapatite, silica, calcite and hematite, which lead to infer that those coprolites were formed under similar conditions and produced by a similar group of carnivore or omnivore fishes.

Luminescence properties of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+,Bi3+ nanophosphors for thermometry applications.

Chromium(iii) and bismuth(iii) co-doped ZnGa2O4 nanoparticles are synthesized by a hydrothermal method assisted by microwave heating. The obtained nanoparticles, with a diameter smaller than 10 nm, present good luminescence emission in the deep red range centered at 695 nm after coating with a silica layer and calcination at 1000 °C during 2 h. Persistent luminescence and photoluminescence properties are investigated at several temperatures. Bandwidth and luminescence intensity ratio of persistent emission do not present enough change with temperature to obtain a competitive nanothermometer with high sensitivity. Nevertheless, persistent luminescence decay curves present a significant shape change since the trap levels involved in the deexcitation mechanism are unfilled with increase of temperature. Even if the sensitivity reaches 1.7% °C-1 at 190 °C, the repeatability is not optimal. Furthermore, photoluminescent lifetime in the millisecond range extracted from the photoluminescence decay profiles drastically decreases with temperature increase. This variation is attributed to the thermal equilibrium between two thermally coupled chromium(iii) levels (2E and 4T2) that have very different deexcitation lifetimes. For ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ 0.5%,Bi3+ 0.5%, the temperature sensitivity reaches 1.93% °C-1 at 200 °C. Therefore, this kind of nanoparticle is a very promising thermal sensor for temperature determination at the nanoscale.

Germination of chia seeds submitted to saline stress

Abstract Salinity, of both soil and water, is one of the main causes of crop yield decline. Within this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different salts on the germination of chia seeds. The experiment was conducted in a BOD chamber at a constant temperature of 20 °C and in the presence of light. The seeds were placed on paper soaked with aqueous solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), at the osmotic potentials zero, -0.10, -0.20, -0.30, and -0.40 MPa. The effect of the salinity was evaluated using a germination test, with counts on days 7 and 14 after sowing. Based on the results, chia seeds tolerate concentrations of NaCl to -0.4 MPa and KCl to -0.20 MPa. The salts CaCl2 and MgCl2 had a negative effect on the germination and vigor of the chia seeds for the osmotic potentials -0.30 MPa and -0.20 MPa, respectively.

Resumo A salinidade, tanto dos solos como das águas, é uma das principais causas da queda de rendimento das culturas. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes sais na germinação de sementes de chia. O experimento foi conduzido em câmara BOD, na temperatura constante de 20 °C e em presença de luz. As sementes foram colocadas sobre papel embebido em soluções aquosas de cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2), cloreto de sódio (NaCl), cloreto de potássio (KCl) e cloreto de magnésio (MgCl2) nos potenciais osmóticos correspondentes a zero; -0,10; -0,20; -0,30 e -0,40 MPa. O efeito da salinidade foi avaliado através do teste de germinação com contagens aos 7 dias e 14 dias após a semeadura. De acordo com os resultados é possível concluir que as sementes de chia toleram concentrações de NaCl até -0,4 MPa e KCl até -0,20 MPa. Os sais CaCl2 e MgCl2 apresentam efeito negativo sobre a germinação e o vigor das sementes de chia a partir dos potenciais osmóticos de -0,30 MPa e -0,20 MPa, respectivamente.

Spectroscopic studies of the fish fossils (Cladocyclus gardneri and Vinctifer comptoni) from the Ipubi Formation of the Cretaceous Period.

Fossils are mineralized remains or traces from animals, plants and other organisms aged to about 10(8)years. The chemical processes of fossilization are dated back from old geological periods on Earth. The understanding of these processes and the structure of the fossils are one of the goals of paleontology and geology in the sedimentary environments. Many researches have tried to unveil details about special kinds of biological samples; however, a lack of data is noticed for various other specimens. This study reports the investigations through infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction measurements for two types of fish fossils from the Cretaceous Period. The sample of Cladocyclus gardneri and Vinctifer comptoni fossils were collected from the Ipubi Formation, being one of the less studied, among the formations that constitute the important Santana group in the Araripe Basin, Brazil. The results obtained through different techniques, showed that the C. gardneri fish fossil contains hydroxyapatite and calcite as constituents whereas its rock matrix was formed by calcite, quartz and pyrite. Regarding the V. comptoni, the measurements confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in the fossil and its rock matrix gypsum, pyrite, quartz and calcite. The above scientific data contributed to the understanding the fossil formation in the Ipubi Formation, an important environment of the Cretaceous Period, which is rich in well-preserved fossils from different species.

Germinação e vigor de sementes de chia (Salvia hispanica L. - Lamiaceae) sob diferentes temperaturas e condições de luz / Germination and vigor of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L. - Lamiaceae) under different temperatures and light conditions

RESUMO A Salvia hispanica, conhecida popularmente como chia, apresenta elevada notabilidade por suas características nutricionais, sendo rica em proteínas, fibras, sais minerais e ácidos graxos, os quais podem ser responsáveis pela diminuição do risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Apesar do crescente consumo, existem poucos estudos em relação à germinação e ao vigor de suas sementes. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da luz e da temperatura no potencial fisiológico de sementes de chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Para tal, as sementes foram colocadas para germinar nas temperaturas constantes de 20, 25 e 30 ºC na presença e ausência de luz. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: percentagem de germinação, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de germinação, e comprimento e massa seca das plântulas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 100 sementes. Constatou-se que a germinação das sementes de chia ocorre tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz. As sementes de chia, sem dormência, germinam melhor na temperatura constante de 20 °C.

ABSTRACT The Salvia hispanica, known as chia, has high notability for its nutritional features, being rich in protein, fiber, minerals and fatty acids, which can be responsible for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although the consumption of the seed is increasing, there are few studies about the germination and vigor of the seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of light and temperature on the physiologic potentiality of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.). The seeds were sowed on paper at constant temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC in the presence or absence of light. The parameters evaluated were the following: percentage of germination, first count, germination speed index, length, and dry weight of the seedlings. The experimental design used was of complete randomized plots with four replications of 100 seeds. The germination of the chia seeds occurred in the presence or absence of light. The chia seeds, without dormancy, germinated better at the constant temperature of 20 ºC.

Spectroscopic studies of wood fossils from the Crato Formation, Cretaceous Period.

In this work we study two types of wood fossils (Gymnosperms, Araucariaceae) from the Crato Formation of Araripe Basin in Brazil, from the Cretaceous Period. The samples were characterized by Raman and infrared spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained by different techniques showed that although the rocks surrounding the fossils have predominantly the same constitution - calcite - however, the formation processes of these types of wood fossils are quite different. One of the fossils, denominated as light wood, is predominantly composed of gypsum, while the other fossil, the dark wood, is rich in amorphous carbon, possibly the kerogen type. Implications relative to the environment where the plants lived millions years ago are also given. Finally, the results highlight the constitution of one of the most important paleontological sites of the Cretaceous Period in the South America.

Femtosecond Yb:CaGdAlO4 thin-disk oscillator.

A mode-locked thin-disk laser based on Yb:CALGO is demonstrated for the first time. At an average output power of 28 W we obtained pulses with a duration of 300 fs and a pulse energy of 1.3 µJ. 197 fs pulses with 0.9 µJ of energy were achieved at an average output power of 20 W. The shortest pulse duration measured in our experiments was 135 fs with a spectrum centered at 1043 nm. The experiments also revealed a very broad tunability from 1032 to 1046 nm with sub-200 fs pulses.

Yb:CaGdAlO4 thin-disk laser.

We present the first demonstration of a Yb:CALGO thin-disk laser. In a slightly multimode configuration, we obtained up to 30 W of average power at a slope efficiency of 40% and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 32%. With a single-mode cavity, an average power of 25 W was achieved. A tuning range from 1018 to 1052 nm could be demonstrated by inserting a prism into the cavity. In the Q-switched regime, we obtained 1 mJ of pulse energy at a repetition rate of 100 Hz.

Pollination efficiency of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on the monoecious plants Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. and Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) in a semi-arid Caatinga area, northeastern Brazil.

Previous studies have shown the superior competitive ability of honeybees compared with native bees in the exploitation of floral resources and nesting sites besides their low efficiency in pollinating native plant species. However, there is little evidence of the effect of this invading species on autochthonous plant populations in natural environments. Thus experiments were performed to test the pollination efficiency of honeybees in two species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae), J. mollissima (Pohl) Baill. and J. mutabilis (Pohl) Baill., after a single flower visitation. Samplings were carried out between March and April 2006 in a hyperxerophilous shrub-arboreal Caatinga at Estação Biológica de Canudos, Bahia (9º 56´ 34" S, 38º 59´ 17" W), the property of Fundação Biodiversitas. Apis mellifera was efficient at pollinating J. mollissima (100%) and J. mutabilis (85%). This high efficiency may be explained by 1) the simple floral characteristics of both plant species, which facilitate access to the sexual organs of the plant; and 2) the body size of A. mellifera that fits the flower's dimensions.

Internal temperature measurement of an ytterbium doped material under laser operation.

Temperature of the pumped volume of an ytterbium doped material has been measured while laser action is taking place. This is achieved by recording green emissions at 530 and 550 nm from Er3+ impurities. These emissions result from energy transfer upconversion processes between Yb3+ and Er3+. Experiments performed on a Yb3+:CaGdAlO4 crystal show the effect of pump power and laser wavelength on the sample internal temperature. Temperature variation along the sample length has also been measured. This method can complement data obtained by thermal cameras which can only access surface temperatures in most laser materials.

Novel exon nucleotide deletion causes adrenoleukodystrophy in a Brazilian family.

Adrenoleukodystrophy is a neurodegenerative X-linked recessive disorder. It is characterized by abnormal function of peroxisomes, which leads to an accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in plasma and tissues, especially in the cortex of adrenal glands and white matter of the central nervous system, causing demyelinating disease and adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease). It is caused by a mutation in the ABCD1 gene (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily D, member 1), which encodes the protein adrenoleukodystrophy that is involved in the transport of fatty acids into the peroxisome for degradation. Variable expression has been recognized in families of patients who have this disease. A Brazilian family from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was studied. The proband is an adult living in Minas Gerais State, Brazil; he had adrenomyeloneuropathy, adrenocortical insufficiency and a stable cerebral form. DNA was extracted from a blood sample and was sequenced to identify the mutation. The patient's exons were cloned for confirmation. A new mutation was found in exon 5 of the ABCD1 gene (c.1430delA), as well as a single-nucleotide polymorphism in exon 6. The mutation causes a frame shift, resulting in a truncated protein with almost total absence of the ATP binding domain.

Records on floral biology and visitors of Jacquemontia montana (Moric.) Meisn. (Convolvulaceae) in Mucugê, Bahia.

We present the first records on pollination biology of Jacquemontia montana (Moric.) Meisn. (Convolvulaceae), a widespread climber in the Chapada Diamantina. Our objectives were to (1) characterise flower morphology and biology of J. montana; (2) sample flower visitors and (3) make inferences about potential pollinators, based on foraging behaviour. Observations and sampling were performed on two patches from 8:00 AM to 3:30 PM, May 15th to 16th, 2007. The corolla is bowl shaped, pentamerous, gamopetalous, actinomorphic, and yellow, with a mean diameter of 22.43 +/- 1.81 mm, the depth being variable during flower phases. Stigma receptivity lasted from 8:00 AM-3:30 PM and pollen viability from 9:00 AM-3:30 PM Pollen. showed great decline in number but not in viability during anthesis. Nectarivorous (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera) and herbivorous (Orthoptera) insects were found on the flowers. Both male and female bees (Dialictus spp., Robertson 1902) were the most frequent flower visitor. The bees' behaviour, and time spent on flowers, varied according to the resource gathered (i.e., pollen or nectar). The Dialictus species are likely to be the main pollinator of J. montana, considering the frequency, contact with reproductive parts, and carrying only J. montana pollen spread over the ventral part of the thorax, abdomen and legs. Although not quantified, nectar may still be available in the afternoon, considering the behaviour of bees on flowers during this time. Pollen:ovule ration that was1.200:4, suggests facultative xenogamy.

Cirugía colorrectal laparoscópica: Resultados a corto plazo en una serie de 300 pacientes / Laparoscópica recto colonic surgery: Short term results in a series of 300 patients

Antecedentes: La cirugía laparoscópica ha modificado el manejo de la patología colorrectal. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados a corto plazo obtenidos con el abordaje laparoscópico de la patología colorrectal. Lugar de aplicación: Sección de coloproctología, Hospital Privado. Diseño: Cohorte, retrospectivo. Población: 300 pacientes (mediana de edad 62 años, 51,4% de mujeres) tratados mediante abordaje laparoscópico entre marzo de 2003 y abril 2007. Método: Análisis de una base de datos prospectiva. Conversión, readmisión hospitalaria y complicaciones posoperatorias fueron analizadas en base a las características demográficas, tipo de procedimiento efectuado y curva de aprendizaje. Se realizó un análisis multivariado para detectar factores asociados a conversión. Resultados: Conversión global: 15%. La resección anterior mostró un índice de conversión significativamente mayor al del resto de los procedimientos (29%, p=2.02). No observamos diferencias a lo largo de nuestra curva de aprendizaje, a excepción de una disminución del tiempo operatorio. Estadía hospitalaria: 3 días. Morbilida global: 19,6%. Las complicaciones postoperatorias más frecuentes fueron el íleo (9%), la infección de herida (2,3%) y la fístula anastomótica (1,3%). Mortalidad: 0.6%. Los hombres se convirtieron del doble que las mujeres (p=0.01) y se complicaron más (p=0.006). El sexo, el IMC y el tipo de procedimiento resultaron ser actores asociados a conversión. Conclusiones: La cirugía laparoscópica ha logrado trasladar los beneficios del abordaje nininvasivo al manejo de la patología colorrectal. Distintos factores pueden modificar sus resultados a corto plazo, especialmente en términos de conversión. El conocimiento de éstos puede contribuir a una adecuada selección de los casos.