Sepsis after middle cerebral artery occlusion exacerbates peripheral oxidative stress in a sex-specific manner.

Ischemic stroke occurs due a blockage in the blood flow to the brain, leading to damage to the nervous system. The prevalent morbidities resulting from stroke include post-stroke infection, as sepsis. Additionally, oxidative stress is recognized for inducing functional deficits in peripheral organs during sepsis. Therefore, sex differences in stroke exist and we aimed to investigate the peripheral oxidative stress caused by sepsis after stroke in male and female rats. Wistar rats (male and female) were divided into sham+sham, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) + sham, sham+ cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) and MCAO+CLP groups to males and female rats. Animals were subjected to MCAO or sham and after 7 days, were subjected to sepsis by CLP or sham. After 24 h, serum, total brain, lung, liver, heart, and spleen were collected. Brain edema, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nitrite/nitrate (N/N) concentration, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and catalase activity were evaluated. Brain edema was observed only in male rats in MCAO+CLP group compared to MCAO+sham. Regarding MPO activity, an increase was verified in male in different organs and serum in MCAO+CLP group. For N/N levels, the increase was more pronounced in females submitted to MCAO+CLP. In general, to oxidative stress, an increase was only observed in animals exposed to MCAO+CLP, or with a greater increase in this group compared to the others. The findings provided the first indication that animals exposed to MCAO exhibit a heightened vulnerability to the harmful impacts of sepsis, as evidenced by brain edema and peripheral oxidative stress, and this susceptibility is dependent of sex.

Lemon-derived carbon dots as antioxidant and light emitter in fluorescent films applied to nanothermometry.

The design of luminescent nanomaterials for the development of nanothermometers with high sensitivity and free of potentially toxic metals has developed in several fields, such as optoelectronics, sensors, and bioimaging. In addition, luminescent nanothermometers have advantages related to non-invasive measurement, with their wide detection range and high spatial resolution at the nano/microscale. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate a detailed study of a fluorescent film (Film-L) thermal sensor based on carbon dots derived from lemon bagasse extract (CD-L). The CD-L properties were explored as an antioxidant agent; their cytotoxicity was evaluated by using a human non-tumoral skin fibroblast (HFF-1) cell line from an MTT assay. The CD-L were characterized by HRTEM, DLS, FTIR, UV-VIS, and fluorescence spectroscopy. These confirmed their particle size distribution below 10 nm, graphitic structure in the core and surface organic groups, and strong blue emission. The CD-L showed cytocompatibility behavior and scavenging potential reactive species of biological importance: O2•- and HOCl, with IC50 of 276.8 ± 4.0 and 21.6 ± 0.7, respectively. The Film-L emission intensities (I425 nm) are temperature-dependent in the 298 to 333 K range. The Film-L luminescent thermometer shows a maximum relative thermal sensitivity of 2.69 % K-1 at 333 K.

Perfil epidemiológico das fraturas de face: uma revisão de literatura / Epidemiological profile of face fractures: a literature review

As fraturas de face são um problema de saúde pública que afeta a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos que sofreram esse agravo. Sabendo-se da importância dos estudos epidemiológicos para o enfrentamento desse problema, este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar o perfil epidemiológico das fraturas de face, contribuindo assim, para a elaboração de políticas públicas mais eficazes e tratamento adequado. Para isso foi ralizada uma revisão de literatura nas principais bases de dados, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) e Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO) através da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e diretamente pela interface da Literature Analysis (PubMed/MEDLINE), nos últimos 20 anos, contemplando populações, culturas e faixas etárias heterogêneas. Observou-se que o sexo masculino foi o mais acometido e sua incidência foi maior entre os jovens, as principais etiologias foram às agressões físicas e os acidentes de transito sobretudo com o envolvimento de motocicletas associado ao uso de álcool e drogas. Os ossos nasais e a mandíbula foram as estruturas que sofreram mais fraturas e o tratamento mais utilizado foi a redução fechada. Neste contexto, faz-se necessário medidas ao combate às desigualdades sociais e desemprego, incentivo à educação e intensificação das leis de trânsito.

Face fractures are a public health problem that affects the quality of life of individuals who have suffered this condition. Knowing the importance of epidemiological studies to face this problem, this study aimed to outline the epidemiological profile of facial fractures, thus contributing to the development of more effective public policies and adequate treatment. For this, a literature review was carried out in the main databases, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) and Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO) through the Library Virtual Health (VHL) and directly through the Literature Analysis interface (PubMed / MEDLINE), in the last 20 years, covering heterogeneous populations, cultures and age groups. It was observed that the male gender was the most affected and its incidence was higher among young people, the main etiologies were physical aggressions and traffic accidents, especially with the involvement of motorcycles associated with the use of alcohol and drugs. The nasal bones and the mandible were the structures that suffered the most fractures and the most used treatment was closed reduction. In this context, measures are needed to combat social inequality and unemployment, encourage education and intensify traffic laws.

Morphometric vertebral fracture risk in women with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism (HP) is a rare endocrine disease and there are little data available on the risk of fragility fractures in these patients. PTH deficiency results in a positive bone balance with higher bone mass in all skeletal sites. However, whether these structural and dynamic skeletal changes have a negative impact on the fracture risk, it is not known. Methods: Aiming to investigate the risk of insufficiency vertebral fractures in HP, defined using morphometric criteria, a consecutive sampling of 44 women with chronic postsurgical HP was compared to a control group of 44 adult healthy women, matched by age with patients. Vertebral fractures were analyzed by the semiquantitative Genant's method followed by quantitative vertebral morphometry. Results: Morphometric vertebral fractures were identified in 5/44 (11.4%) patients and in 3/44 (6.8%) controls (p=0.731). Most fractures were classified as Genant II and III grades in HP patients, whereas most were Genant I in controls. A logistic regression multivariate analysis was conducted in which age, BMI and parathyroid status were the independent variables, and morphometric vertebral fracture was the dependent variable, but none of these factors was a significant predictor of fracture in this population (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.07, p=0.634 for age; OR 2.24, 95%CI 0.47-10.50, p=0.306 for the presence/absence of HP and OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.76-1.10, p=0.369 for BMI). Conclusion: The results of this study cannot ensure a higher risk of fragility vertebral fractures in postsurgical HP patients. Instead, we only observed higher Genant grade classification of the deformed vertebrae in our sample.

Relação das práticas parentais com sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes escolares: estudo de caso-controle / Relación de las prácticas parentales sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes escolares: estudio de casos y controles / Relation of parental practices overweight and obesity in school adolescents: case-control study

Objetivo: avaliar as práticas parentais educativas relativas à alimentação e sua relação com sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes escolares. Método: estudo de caso-controle com adolescentes de escolas públicas, mediante investigação das dimensões restritivas em relação ao consumo de doces e alimentos calóricos, pressão para comer, comer de acordo com a determinação e monitoramento-controle sobre consumo de doces e alimentos calóricos. Aplicou-se teste qui-quadrado com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: participaram 148 adolescentes (80 casos-sobrepeso/obesidade e 68 controles-eutróficos). Houve associação entre estado nutricional do cuidador e do adolescente (OR=5,688; p<0,01), maior percentual de sobrepeso/obesidade entre adolescentes submetidos a práticas restritivas de consumo de doces; em pressão para comer, proporção maior de adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade entre os cuidadores que discordaram; maior percentual de adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade entre as mães/cuidadores que relataram monitorar o consumo de alimentos calóricos na maior parte do tempo. Conclusão: as práticas parentais educativas relacionaram-se com o sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes escolares.

Objetivo: avaliar as práticas parentais educativas relativas à alimentação e sua relação com sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes escolares. Método: estudo de caso-controle com adolescentes de escolas públicas, mediante investigação das dimensões restritivas em relação ao consumo de doces e alimentos calóricos, pressão para comer, comer de acordo com a determinação e monitoramento-controle sobre consumo de doces e alimentos calóricos. Aplicou-se teste qui-quadrado com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: participaram 148 adolescentes (80 casos-sobrepeso/obesidade e 68 controles-eutróficos). Houve associação entre estado nutricional do cuidador e do adolescente (OR=5,688; p<0,01), maior percentual de sobrepeso/obesidade entre adolescentes submetidos a práticas restritivas de consumo de doces; em pressão para comer, proporção maior de adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade entre os cuidadores que discordaram; maior percentual de adolescentes com sobrepeso/obesidade entre as mães/cuidadores que relataram monitorar o consumo de alimentos calóricos na maior parte do tempo. Conclusão: as práticas parentais educativas relacionaram-se com o sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes escolares. Considerações finais: revelaram-se atendimentos influenciados por estereótipos de gênero e sexualidade, o que reduz o acesso a uma Atenção Primária à Saúde de qualidade, promotora do cuidado para com a saúde de mulheres lésbicas.

Objective: to evaluate the educational parental practices related to food and its relationship with overweight/obesity in school adolescents. Method: case-control study with adolescents from public schools, through investigation of the restrictive dimensions-in relation to the consumption of sweets and caloric foods, pressure to eat, eating according to determination and monitoring-control on consumption of sweets and caloric foods. Chi-square test was applied with a 95% confidence interval. Results: the participants were 148 adolescents (80 cases-overweight/obesity and 68 controls-eutrophic). There was an association between nutritional status of the caregiver and adolescents (OR=5.688; p<0.01), a higher percentage of overweight/obesity among adolescents submitted to restrictive practices of sweet consumption; pressure to eat, a higher proportion of overweight/obese adolescents among caregivers who disagreed; higher percentage of overweight/obese adolescents among mothers/caregivers who reported monitoring caloric food consumption most of the time. Conclusion: educational parenting practices were related to overweight/obesity in school adolescents.

Oxygen uptake efficiency slope: A submaximal test evaluation tool that provides cardiopulmonary reserve data in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is a method for investigating cardiorespiratory fitness and is proposed as an alternative to overcome the limitations of traditional measures such as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) for patients who do not achieve a maximum response, such as in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of individuals with PD during the six-minute walk test (6MWT) using the OUES. METHODS: This is an observational cross-sectional study including 12 individuals with PD and 12 healthy controls. Participants performed the 6MWT along with an analysis of exhaled gas kinetics. The OUES was determined from the last 16 s of the walk test. Multiple linear regression analyses were computed to explore associations between the independent (OUES) and the dependent variables (VO2peak) controlled by group. RESULTS: The OUES was associated to VO2peak on the 6MWT (ß=0.24, p<0.01) in individuals with PD. The PD group had low performance on the 6MWT with a shorter distance walked (mean difference: -113.1 m; 95% CI: -203.2, -59.1) and worse cardiopulmonary condition with lower OUES values (mean difference: -0.52 [l/minO2]/[l/minVE]; 95% CI: -0.83, -0.21) found in this same group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that OUES is related to VO2peak during the 6MWT, and therefore it could be used as a submaximal test evaluation tool which provides cardiopulmonary reserve data in individuals with PD.

Effect of trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid on fibroblast motility: a pilot comparative study of in silico lipophilicity measure.

Cinnamic acids and their derivatives are found in abundance in fruits, vegetables, and other food products of plant origin. The trans-cinnamic and p-coumaric acids in particular have been a subject of research for the treatment of a diverse range of pathological conditions. However, it is unclear whether these derivatives exert a direct beneficial effect on the cells that play a role in regulating skin wound healing, such as fibroblasts. In this study, using in vitro scratch-wound healing assay, it was observed that treatment with trans-cinnamic acid resulted in increased migration of fibroblasts when compared with that of p-coumaric acid-treated cells, without any adverse effect on cell viability. Studies on the lipophilicity of these acids using the XLOGP3 algorithm showed that trans-cinnamic acid was more lipophilic than p-coumaric. Thus, the findings of this study indicated that the lipophilic characteristic of trans-cinnamic acid rendered it more suitable as a potential drug candidate.

Immediate Effects of Rib Mobilization and Diaphragm Release Techniques on Cardiac Autonomic Control in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of testing an intervention protocol and measuring the immediate effects of a rib mobilization technique (RMT) and a diaphragm release technique (DRT) on the autonomic nervous system of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: This was a pilot study of a randomized controlled trial. Fourteen individuals were evaluated. Eligibility criteria were being a sedentary person with a diagnosis of COPD, age between 50 and 72 years, and being clinically stable. Exclusion criteria were heart disease, other respiratory comorbidities, and body mass index above 30kg/m2. Participants first underwent cardiorespiratory evaluation and were then allocated into 2 groups: the RMT + DRT group and the DRT group. Clinical assessments were performed immediately before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was carried out through a paired-sample Wilcoxon test, and the comparison between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: All randomized participants completed the assessment and intervention protocol. Sample size was estimated at 24 individuals per group. The DRT group decreased resting heart rate by 5 bpm (P = .03) and increased variance (P = .04) and mean R-R interval (P = .03). The RMT + DRT group decreased mean R-R interval (P = .02). CONCLUSION: The design for this study appears to be feasible for evaluating manual-therapy intervention in the nonmusculoskeletal function of patients with COPD. It was possible to determine the sample size for future studies. Preliminary data show that the diaphragm release technique may reduce mean resting heart rate and increase heart-rate variability immediately after the intervention.

Eye clinic attendance at the olympic and paralympic games Rio 2016 and its correlation to the WHO indicators on eye health.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate athletes' frequency of attendance at the eye clinic during the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016 and to correlate it to WHO core indicators on progress in ophthalmology care in a country. METHODS: Frequencies of athletes' attendance at the eye clinic were calculated for each country. Countries were classified according to the World Bank income levels in high, upper-middle, low-middle or low-income country. Data on ophthalmology care for each country were derived from the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness atlas. Data were analysed in view of WHO indicators for each country: visual impairment prevalence considering presenting visual acuity <6/18 to ≥3/60 in the better vision eye; number of ophthalmologists per million people and the cataract surgical rate per year, per million population. RESULTS: The athletes' overall frequency of attendance in the eye clinic was 6.47%. Frequencies of attendance for high, upper-middle, low-middle or low-income country were 1.97%, 9.66%, 16.54% and 22.43%, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the athletes' attendance frequency of a country and its visual impairment prevalence (r=0.2290, p=0.0017). A negative correlation was observed between the athletes' attendance frequency of a country and its eye health workforce (r=-0.2152, p=0.0026). CONCLUSION: Countries with highest athletes' frequencies of attendance were those that face barriers to eye care provision. These results reinforce the importance of the eye clinic service during the Olympic and Paralympic Games proving access to specialised care to athletes and members of delegation.

Eye care and ocular findings at the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the attendance and ocular profile of competitors and members of delegations who attended the Polyclinic Ophthalmology Division during the Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016. METHODS: The eye clinic was allocated in the purpose-built polyclinic opened for competitors and members of delegations from 24 July to 18 September 2016. All individuals who attended the service received a comprehensive ocular examination including biomicroscopy, subjective refraction and fundus evaluation. A main clinical finding was assigned for each eye by the ophthalmologist. RESULTS: 5.6% of Olympic Games competitors and 8.9% of Paralympic Games competitors attended the Polyclinic Ophthalmology Division during the Rio Olympic and Paralympic Games. These rates compare with 2.6% and 6.5% at the London Olympic and Paralympic Games (2012). The main clinical finding was refractive error with 79.0% of the individuals receiving a glass prescription during the Olympic Games and 81.3% during the Paralympic Games. CONCLUSION: Our outcomes highlight the importance of the eye service at the polyclinic as it may represent the only opportunity for many individuals involved with the Olympic and Paralympic Games to receive ocular evaluation. Our description of clinic structure, delivery of service and clinical results will be useful in the organisation not only for the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020 but also for any other large sporting events that involves medical attention in a polyclinic format.

Duplo aneurisma de artéria mesentérica superior: relato de caso / Double aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery: case report

Os aneurismas de artéria mesentérica superior são raros, representando menos de 0,5% de todos os aneurismas intra-abdominais. São causados principalmente por aterosclerose e por êmbolos sépticos decorrentes de endocardite bacteriana. Apesar de incomuns, são considerados graves, devido a possíveis complicações como ruptura com hemorragia e isquemia intestinal. Com consequências potencialmente devastadoras, o diagnóstico e o tratamento em tempo hábil são essenciais para se otimizarem os resultados. Ainda sem um consenso bem definido, os tratamentos propostos envolvem cirurgia convencional, terapia endovascular e conduta expectante com exames periódicos. Este trabalho relata o caso de um homem de 58 anos, assintomático, com achado incidental e incomum de dois aneurismas de artéria mesentérica superior. Perante uma anatomia desfavorável à abordagem endovascular, foi realizado o tratamento cirúrgico aberto, utilizando-se prótese de dácron na reconstrução arterial, com sucesso

Superior mesenteric artery aneurysms are rare, accounting for less than 0.5% of all intra-abdominal aneurysms. They are mainly caused by atherosclerosis and septic emboli resulting from bacterial endocarditis. Although uncommon, these aneurysms are considered dangerous because of possible complications such as rupture with hemorrhage and intestinal ischemia. Since the consequences can be very serious, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve outcomes. Although there is no well-defined consensus, recommended treatments include open surgery, endovascular therapy, and watchful waiting with periodic examinations. In this article we report the case of an asymptomatic 58-year-old man with an incidental and unusual finding of two superior mesenteric artery aneurysms. Since anatomy was not favorable for an endovascular approach, open surgery was performed, using a dacron graft to successfully repair the artery

Double aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery: case report.

Superior mesenteric artery aneurysms are rare, accounting for less than 0.5% of all intra-abdominal aneurysms. They are mainly caused by atherosclerosis and septic emboli resulting from bacterial endocarditis. Although uncommon, these aneurysms are considered dangerous because of possible complications such as rupture with hemorrhage and intestinal ischemia. Since the consequences can be very serious, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve outcomes. Although there is no well-defined consensus, recommended treatments include open surgery, endovascular therapy, and watchful waiting with periodic examinations. In this article we report the case of an asymptomatic 58-year-old man with an incidental and unusual finding of two superior mesenteric artery aneurysms. Since anatomy was not favorable for an endovascular approach, open surgery was performed, using a dacron graft to successfully repair the artery.

Aqueous humor concentrations of topical fluoroquinolones alone or in combination with a steroid.

PURPOSE: To compare the aqueous humor (AH) concentrations of moxifloxacin 0.5% and gatifloxacin 0.3% solutions alone or when treatment was combined with steroids, and to correlate these concentrations with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the most common endophthalmitis-causing organisms. METHODS: Patients undergoing phacoemulsification were enrolled to receive one drop of one of the following solutions: moxifloxacin (G1), moxifloxacin + dexamethasone (G2), gatifloxacin (G3), or gatifloxacin + c (G4), every 15 min, 1h before surgery. AH samples were collected before surgery and analyzed using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The mean antibiotic concentrations in the AH were: G1= 1280.8 ng/mL; G2= 1644.3 ng/mL; G3= 433.7 ng/mL; and G4= 308.1 ng/mL. The mean concentrations statistically differed between G1 and G2 (p=0.01), and G3 and G4 (p=0.008). All samples achieved the MIC for Staphylococcus epidermidis; 100% of the samples from G1 and G2, and 97% from G3 and G4 reached the MIC for fluoroquinolone-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; 100% of the samples from G1 and G2, 88% from G3, and 72% from G4 reached the MIC for enterococci (p<0.001); and 100% of samples from G1 and G2, 59% from G3, and 36% from G4 reached the MIC for Streptococcus pneumoniae (p<0.001). For fluoroquinolone-resistant S. aureus, 23% from G1, 44% from G2, and no samples from G3 or G4 achieved the MIC (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Moxifloxacin + dexamethasone demonstrated a higher concen-tration in the AH than the moxifloxacin alone. Gatifloxacin + steroids demonstrated less penetration into the anterior chamber than gatifloxacin alone. Moxifloxacin was superior to gatifloxacin considering the MIC for enterococci, S. pneumoniae, and fluoroquinolone-resistant S. aureus.

Aqueous humor concentrations of topical fluoroquinolones alone or in combination with a steroid / Concentração de fluorquinolonas no humor aquoso após instilação tópica das associações com corticosteroides

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the aqueous humor (AH) concentrations of moxifloxacin 0.5% and gatifloxacin 0.3% solutions alone or when treatment was combined with steroids, and to correlate these concentrations with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the most common endophthalmitis-causing organisms. Methods: Patients undergoing phacoemulsification were enrolled to receive one drop of one of the following solutions: moxifloxacin (G1), moxifloxacin + dexamethasone (G2), gatifloxacin (G3), or gatifloxacin + c (G4), every 15 min, 1h before surgery. AH samples were collected before surgery and analyzed using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The mean antibiotic concentrations in the AH were: G1= 1280.8 ng/mL; G2= 1644.3 ng/mL; G3= 433.7 ng/mL; and G4= 308.1 ng/mL. The mean concentrations statistically differed between G1 and G2 (p=0.01), and G3 and G4 (p=0.008). All samples achieved the MIC for Staphylococcus epidermidis; 100% of the samples from G1 and G2, and 97% from G3 and G4 reached the MIC for fluoroquinolone-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; 100% of the samples from G1 and G2, 88% from G3, and 72% from G4 reached the MIC for enterococci (p<0.001); and 100% of samples from G1 and G2, 59% from G3, and 36% from G4 reached the MIC for Streptococcus pneumoniae (p<0.001). For fluoroquinolone-resistant S. aureus, 23% from G1, 44% from G2, and no samples from G3 or G4 achieved the MIC (p<0.001). Conclusions: Moxifloxacin + dexamethasone demonstrated a higher concen­tration in the AH than the moxifloxacin alone. Gatifloxacin + steroids demonstrated less penetration into the anterior chamber than gatifloxacin alone. Moxifloxacin was superior to gatifloxacin considering the MIC for enterococci, S. pneumoniae, and fluoroquinolone-resistant S. aureus.

RESUMO Objetivos: Comparar a concentração no humor aquoso entre as soluções de moxifloxacina 0,5% e gatifloxacina 0,3% sozinhas ou combinadas com corticosteroides, e correlacionar a concentração com a concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) para os agentes microbianos mais comumente relacionados a endoftalmites. Métodos: Pacientes que seriam submetidos a cirurgia de catarata foram selecionados para receber 1 gota a cada 15 min, 1 hora antes do procedimento de uma das seguintes soluções: moxifloxacina (G1), moxifloxacina + dexametasona (G2), gatifloxacina (G3) ou gatifloxacina + prednisolona (G4). Amostras do humor aquoso foram coletadas antes do início da cirurgia. Espectrofotometria de massa por HPLC determinou a concentração do antibiótico nas amostras. Resultados: A concentração media de antibiótico nas amostras foram: G1= 1280,8 ng/mL; G2= 1644,3 ng/mL; G3= 433,7 ng/mL; G4= 308,1 ng/mL. Concentração média entre G1 e 2 (p=0,01), e G3 e 4 (p=0,008). Todas as amostras alcançaram MIC para S. epidermidis; 100% das amostras do G1 e 2, e 97% do G3 e 4 atingiram o MIC para S. aureus fluoroquinolona-sensível; 100% das amostras do G1 e 2, 88% do G3 e 72% do G4 atingiram o MIC para Enterococci (p<0,001); e 100% das amostras do G1 e 2, 59% do G3 e 36% do G4 atingiram o MIC para S. pneumoniae (p<0,001). Para o S. aureus resistente a fluoroquinolona, 23% do G1, 44% do G2, e nenhuma das amostras G3 e 4 atingiram o MIC (p<0,001). Conclusão: Moxifloxacina + dexamethasona demonstrou maior concentração no humor aquoso comparado com a moxifloxacina sozinha. Gatifloxacina + esteróide demonstrou menor penetração na câmara anterior comparado a solução de ga­ti­floxacin sem corticóide. A moxifloxacina foi superior a gatifloxacina considerando o MIC para Enterococci, S. pneumoniae e S. aureus fluorquinolona resistente.

Aqueous Humor Penetration and Biological Activity of Moxifloxacin 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution Alone or with Dexamethasone 0.1.

PURPOSE: To compare aqueous humor concentrations of topically applied moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution alone or in combination with dexamethasone 0.1% and to correlate these concentrations with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for common endophthalmitis-causing organisms. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients undergoing routine phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation received either moxifloxacin 0.5% alone or moxifloxacin 0.5% combined with dexamethasone. For both groups, 1 drop of the test solution was instilled 4 times daily 1 day preoperatively and 1 drop 1 h preoperatively. An aqueous humor sample obtained immediately before paracentesis was submitted to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the moxifloxacin concentration. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of moxifloxacin were 986.6 ng/mL in the moxifloxacin with dexamethasone group and 741.3 ng/mL in the moxifloxacin group (P = 0.13). Moxifloxacin concentrations of all samples exceeded the MICs for Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. All samples in the moxifloxacin with dexamethasone group and 94% in the moxifloxacin group achieved the MIC for Enterococcus species. For quinolone-resistant S. aureus, the MIC was achieved in 29% in the moxifloxacin with dexamethasone group and 9% in the moxifloxacin group (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Aqueous humor moxifloxacin concentrations were higher when topically administrated in combination with dexamethasone compared to the moxifloxacin alone. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the MICs of the most common pathogens associated with endophthalmitis were exceeded in both study groups.

Avaliação de um Website sobre exercícios respiratórios no pós-operatório / Evaluation of a website on breathing exercises in postoperative

OBJETIVO: Descrever o processo de avaliação da usabilidade do website Respirar, que contém informações sobre exercícios respiratórios no pós-operatório. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo experimental, descritivo, sobre o desenvolvimento e avaliação da usabilidade de um website. A avaliação foi realizada por cinco profissionais da saúde, utilizando o questionário System Usability Scale. RESULTADOS: O website obteve o System Usability Scale Score 85,5, sendo classificado com o nível de usabilidade "melhor alcançável"; os avaliadores fizeram ainda sugestões e apontaram alguns erros encontrados, para melhorar a usabilidade geral do site, estas serão implantadas e após isso, o site será disponibilizado publicamente na rede. CONCLUSÃO: Percebe-se que não houve problemas na avaliação, uma vez que os avaliadores compreenderam a finalidade do estudo, bem como o uso do questionário System Usability Scale e todas as sugestões foram de grande valia para o aprimoramento do site e serão aplicadas tornando o mesmo apto para uso.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of evaluating the usability of Breathing website, which contains information about breathing exercises postoperatively. METHOD: This is an experimental, descriptive study on the development and evaluation of the usability of a website. The evaluation was carried out by five health professionals using the System Usability Scale questionnaire. RESULTS: The website got the System Usability Scale Score 85.5, being rated the usability level "best achievable"; the evaluators also made suggestions and pointed out some errors found, to improve the overall usability of the site, they will be implemented and after that, the site will be publicly available on the network. CONCLUSION: It is noticed that there were no problems in the evaluation, since the evaluators understood the purpose of the study, and the use of System Usability Scale questionnaire; all suggestions were of great value for improving the website and will be applied making it fit for use.

HDR 192Ir source speed measurements using a high speed video camera.

PURPOSE: The dose delivered with a HDR (192)Ir afterloader can be separated into a dwell component, and a transit component resulting from the source movement. The transit component is directly dependent on the source speed profile and it is the goal of this study to measure accurate source speed profiles. METHODS: A high speed video camera was used to record the movement of a (192)Ir source (Nucletron, an Elekta company, Stockholm, Sweden) for interdwell distances of 0.25-5 cm with dwell times of 0.1, 1, and 2 s. Transit dose distributions were calculated using a Monte Carlo code simulating the source movement. RESULTS: The source stops at each dwell position oscillating around the desired position for a duration up to (0.026 ± 0.005) s. The source speed profile shows variations between 0 and 81 cm/s with average speed of ∼ 33 cm/s for most of the interdwell distances. The source stops for up to (0.005 ± 0.001) s at nonprogrammed positions in between two programmed dwell positions. The dwell time correction applied by the manufacturer compensates the transit dose between the dwell positions leading to a maximum overdose of 41 mGy for the considered cases and assuming an air-kerma strength of 48 000 U. The transit dose component is not uniformly distributed leading to over and underdoses, which is within 1.4% for commonly prescribed doses (3-10 Gy). CONCLUSIONS: The source maintains its speed even for the short interdwell distances. Dose variations due to the transit dose component are much lower than the prescribed treatment doses for brachytherapy, although transit dose component should be evaluated individually for clinical cases.

Reflexões de agricultores familiares sobre a dinâmica de fornecimento de seus produtos para a alimentação escolar: o caso de Araripe, Ceará / Reflections by family farmers on the dynamics of providing their products for school food: the case of Araripe, Ceará, Brazil

As transformações ocorridas na sociedade atual refletem diretamente em escolhas alimentares não saudáveis. Como consequência desse padrão alimentar, surgem o sobrepeso e a obesidade, e também doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (o PNAE) configura uma importante estratégia do Governo Federal para o enfrentamento desse problema alimentar. Desde suas primeiras resoluções, busca-se cada vez mais cardápios saudáveis, regionalizados e adaptados à cultura local. A mais recente normativa do programa obriga estados e municípios a comprarem parte de seus alimentos de agricultores familiares rurais. Este estudo analisa reflexões dos agricultores familiares em relação à dinâmica de abastecimento dos produtos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, realizado segundo a técnica qualitativa por meio de entrevista semiestruturada no município de Araripe, Ceará. Foram entrevistados catorze agricultores familiares que fornecem gêneros alimentícios para escolas e identificadas duas categorias principais nos depoimentos: dificuldades e benefícios. Pode-se perceber que questões relacionadas ao pagamento, ao transporte e a estrutura física destacaram-se como os principais entraves para que essa prática fosse efetivada. Quanto aos benefícios, o mais recorrente foi a oportunidade de emprego que esse mercado trouxe. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de ações por parte da gestão local para reconhecer o potencial agrícola dessa região, além de estabelecer parcerias com outros órgãos, com vistas a melhorar a capacitação desses agricultores e subsidiá-los no atendimento às especificações legais do programa. Isso pode contribuir para o aumento da renda e da qualidade de vida entre as famílias rurais...

Changes taking place in society today reflect directly on unhealthy food choices. As a consequence of this new eating pattern, overweight and obesity emerge, as well as noncommunicable chronic diseases. The National Programme for School Food (PNAE) constitutes an important strategy of the Federal Government to tackle this eating problem. Since its early resolutions, there is a continued search for menus increasingly healthy, regionalized, and adapted to the local culture. The latest standards of the program provide that the states and municipalities should purchase some of their food from rural family farmers. This study analyzes reflections by family farmers with regard to the dynamics of providing family farm products for school food. This is a case study, conducted according to the qualitative technique by means of a semi-structured interview in the town of Araripe, Ceará, Brazil, where fourteen farmers who provide foodstuffs for schools were interviewed. Two main categories were identified in the accounts: difficulties and benefits. We can notice that issues related to payment, transportation, and physical structure stood out as major obstacles to accomplish this practice. Regarding the benefits, the most recurrent thing was the job opportunity brought by this market. The results indicate the need for actions on the part of local management to recognize the agricultural potential of this region, in addition to establish partnerships with other agencies, in order to improve the training of these farmers and provide them with means to comply with the legal requirements. This may contribute to increase the income and quality of life among rural families...

Um sistema de auxílio ao diagnóstico da escoliose baseado em realidade aumentada / An auxiliary system for scoliosis diagnostic based on augmented reality

Este trabalho propõe e descreve uma ferramenta, chamada de SADE (Sistema de Auxílio ao Diagnóstico da Escoliose), capaz de auxiliar o fisioterapeuta no diagnóstico do desvio lateral da coluna vertebral do paciente (escoliose), observando-a pela visão posterior. Um dos métodos de diagnóstico utilizados atualmente é realizado por meio de um painel, chamado simetrógrafo, posicionado verticalmente e paralelo ao corpo do paciente. Nesse método tradicional o fisioterapeuta não trabalha com boas referências, pois o painel possui linhas espaçadas. Isso obriga o fisioterapeuta a se posicionar a uma certa distância do paciente durante o exame, impossibilitando a interação com o mesmo. Já o SADE, que é baseado em Realidade Aumentada, disponibiliza uma melhor visualização, pois a coluna real é virtualizada e comparada a uma coluna ideal virtual, possibilitando maior mobilidade do fisioterapeuta e do paciente durante o diagnóstico, já que a coluna virtualizada é visível pelos monitores. A ferramenta disponibiliza também o armazenamento dos dados capturados em banco de dados, possibilitando assim uma análise histórica e visual do início do tratamento até o estado atual. Testes realizados dentro de um laboratório desenvolvido especificamente para o projeto, onde o SADE, o simetrógrafo e o método de palpação foram comparados, caracterizam a ferramenta proposta como promissora para auxiliar o profissional no diagnóstico da escoliose.

The paper proposes and describes a tool called SADE (Auxiliary System for Scoliosis Diagnose), which is able to assist the physio­therapist in diagnosing the deviation of the patient’s vertebral spine (scoliosis) observed by the posterior view. One of the current diagnose methods uses a panel called simetrograph, vertically positioned and parallel to the patient’s body. This method does not provide the physiotherapist with a good reference because the panel has spaced lines. Besides, the simetrograph compels the physio­therapist to stay away from the patient in every exam, making the interaction between patient and professional difficult. The SADE, which is based on Augmented Reality, allows a better visualization because of a virtualized spine and the virtual ideal spine, and gives better mobility to the patient and to the physiotherapist during the exam since the spine is visible through the monitors. The system also stores data in a database, allowing an historical analysis from the beginning of the treatment until the current stage. Tests done in a laboratory specifically prepared for the project, compared SADE, the simetrograph and the touch method, and the results have shown that SADE may be a promising tool to assist the physiotherapist in the diagnosis of scoliosis.