RESUMEN
Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonists have shown efficacy in inflammatory-driven animal disease models and have the potential to treat a range of diseases. Many reported synthetic agonists contain a phenylurea, which appears to be necessary for activity in the reported chemotypes. We set out to find isosteres for the phenylurea and focused our efforts on heteroaryl rings. The wide range of potencies with heterocyclic isosteres demonstrates how electronic effects of the heteroatom placement impact molecular recognition. Herein, we report our discovery of benzimidazole and aminophenyloxadiazole FPR2 agonists with low nanomolar activity.
RESUMEN
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase found in neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages that efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of endogenous chloride into hypochlorous acid for antimicrobial activity. Chronic MPO activation can lead to indiscriminate protein modification causing tissue damage, and has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and acute cardiovascular events. Triazolopyrimidine 5 is a reversible MPO inhibitor; however it suffers from poor stability in acid, and is an irreversible inhibitor of the DNA repair protein methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT). Structure-based drug design was employed to discover benzyl triazolopyridines with improved MPO potency, as well as acid stability, no reactivity with MGMT, and selectivity against thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Structure-activity relationships, a crystal structure of the MPO-inhibitor complex, and acute in vivo pharmacodynamic data are described herein.
Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Peroxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piridinas/farmacología , Triazoles/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Piridinas/síntesis química , Piridinas/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Triazoles/síntesis química , Triazoles/químicaRESUMEN
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) generates reactive oxygen species that potentially contribute to many chronic inflammatory diseases. A recently reported triazolopyrimidine MPO inhibitor was optimized to improve acid stability and remove methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) activity. Multiple synthetic routes were explored that allowed rapid optimization of a key benzyl ether side chain. Crystal structures of inhibitors bound to the MPO active site demonstrated alternate binding modes and guided rational design of MPO inhibitors. Thioether 36 showed significant inhibition of MPO activity in an acute mouse inflammation model after oral dosing.
RESUMEN
Myeloperoxidase, a mammalian peroxidase involved in the immune system as an anti-microbial first responder, can produce hypochlorous acid in response to invading pathogens. Myeloperoxidase has been implicated in several chronic pathological diseases due to the chronic production of hypochlorous acid, as well as other reactive radical species. A high throughput screen and triaging protocol was developed to identify a reversible inhibitor of myeloperoxidase toward the potential treatment of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis. The identification and characterization of a reversible myeloperoxidase inhibitor, 7-(benzyloxy)-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-5-amine is described.
RESUMEN
A series of biarylsulfonamides was identified as hCCR2 receptor antagonist but suffered from high plasma protein binding resulting in a >100 fold shift in activity in a functional GTPγS assay run in tandem in the presence and absence of human serum albumin. Introduction of an aryl amide with ethylenediamine linker led to compounds with reduced shifts and improved activity in whole blood.
Asunto(s)
Receptores CCR2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Técnicas de Sustitución del Gen , Guanosina 5'-O-(3-Tiotrifosfato)/sangre , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Receptores CCR2/genética , Receptores CCR2/metabolismo , Albúmina Sérica/metabolismo , Sulfonamidas/síntesis química , Sulfonamidas/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
Recent studies using known Rho-associated kinase isoform 1 (ROCK1) inhibitors along with cellular and molecular biology data have revealed a pivotal role of this enzyme in many aspects of cardiovascular function. Here we report a series of ROCK1 inhibitors which were originally derived from a dihydropyrimidinone core 1. Our efforts focused on the optimization of dihydropyrimidine 2, which resulted in the identification of a series of dihydropyrimidines with improved pharmacokinetics and P450 properties.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/enzimología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Quinasas Asociadas a rho/antagonistas & inhibidores , Adenosina Trifosfato/química , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Administración Oral , Aldehídos/química , Animales , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Indazoles/química , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Quinasas Asociadas a rho/metabolismoRESUMEN
Aminomethylpiperazines, reported previously as being kappa-opioid receptor agonists, were identified as lead compounds in the development of selective urotensin receptor antagonists. Optimized substitution of the piperazine moiety has provided high affinity urotensin receptor antagonists with greater than 100-fold selectivity over the kappa-opioid receptor. Select compounds were found to inhibit urotensin-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat aortic rings consistent with the hypothesis that an urotensin antagonist may be useful for the treatment of hypertension.
Asunto(s)
Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Piperazinas/farmacología , Receptores Opioides kappa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Taurina/análogos & derivados , Urotensinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Acamprosato , Animales , Aorta/metabolismo , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Químicos , Piperazinas/química , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Taurina/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Lead compound 1 was successfully redesigned to provide compounds with improved pharmacokinetic profiles for this series of human urotensin-II antagonists. Replacement of the 2-pyrrolidinylmethyl-3-phenyl-piperidine core of 1 with a substituted N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethanamine core as in compound 7 resulted in compounds with improved oral bioavailability in rats. The relationship between stereochemistry and selectivity for hUT over the kappa-opioid receptor was also explored.
Asunto(s)
Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Urotensinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Diaminas/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Modelos Químicos , Ratas , Receptores Opioides kappa/química , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Urotensinas/químicaRESUMEN
This work describes the development of potent and selective human Urotensin-II receptor antagonists starting from lead compound 1, (3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl{2-oxo-2-[3-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]ethyl}amine. Several problems relating to oral bioavailability, cytochrome P450 inhibition, and off-target activity at the kappa opioid receptor and cardiac sodium channel were addressed during lead development. hUT binding affinity relative to compound 1 was improved by more than 40-fold in some analogs, and a structural modification was identified which significantly attenuated both off-target activities.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Anilina/farmacología , Piperidonas/farmacología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Compuestos de Anilina/síntesis química , Compuestos de Anilina/química , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Línea Celular , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Peso Molecular , Piperidonas/síntesis química , Piperidonas/química , Ratas , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The discovery, proposed binding mode, and optimization of a novel class of Rho-kinase inhibitors are presented. Appropriate substitution on the 6-position of the azabenzimidazole core provided subnanomolar enzyme potency in vitro while dramatically improving selectivity over a panel of other kinases. Pharmacokinetic data was obtained for the most potent and selective examples and one (6n) has been shown to lower blood pressure in a rat model of hypertension.
Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/síntesis química , Bencimidazoles/síntesis química , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Oxadiazoles/síntesis química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Antihipertensivos/farmacocinética , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Aorta/fisiología , Bencimidazoles/farmacocinética , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Modelos Moleculares , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiología , Oxadiazoles/farmacocinética , Oxadiazoles/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Quinasas Asociadas a rhoRESUMEN
Rho kinase (ROCK1) mediates vascular smooth muscle contraction and is a potential target for the treatment of hypertension and related disorders. Indazole amide 3 was identified as a potent and selective ROCK1 inhibitor but possessed poor oral bioavailability. Optimization of this lead resulted in the discovery of a series of dihydropyridones, exemplified by 13, with improved pharmacokinetic parameters relative to the initial lead. Indazole substitution played a critical role in decreasing clearance and improving oral bioavailability.