Campylobacter species in chilean patients with chronic periodontitis / Espécies de Campylobacter em pacientes chilenos com periodontite crônica

The purpose of this study is to identify the presence of Campylobacter species (C. rectus, C. concisus, C. gracilis and C. ureolyticus) in Chilean patients with chronic periodontitis, and to establish the relationship of these microorganisms with the periodontal conditions of smoker and non-smoker patients. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from four periodontal-affected tissue sites of 15 smoker and 15 non-moker patients with chronic periodontitis. A sample per quadrant was obtained, with a probing depth of 6 mm and an insertion loss of >3 mm in each patient. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with the specific 16S rDNA primers for the molecular detection of C. rectus and C. gracilis, specific cpn60 primers for C. concisus and hsp60 primers gene for C. ureolyticus. Campylobacter species showed an overall prevalence of 93.3% in periodontal patients, while C. rectus was the most frequent one (80%), followed by C. concisus (66.7%), C. gracilis (33.3%), and C. ureolyticus (10%). Only C. gracilis showed a statistically significant (p = 0.002) association with chronic periodontitis among samples from smoker and nonsmoker patients. A high prevalence of the Campylobacter genus in the analyzed populations (93.3%) was found, being C. rectus the most frequent (80%) species. Besides, C. gracilis showed a statistically significant association between smoker state and chronic periodontitis.

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar a presença de espécies de Campylobacter (C. rectus, C. concisus, C. gracilis e C. ureolyticus) em pacientes chilenos com periodontite crônica, e estabelecer a relação desses microrganismos com as condições periodontais de pacientes fumantes e não fumantes. Amostras de placa subgengival foram coletadas de quatro locais de tecido periodontal afetado de 15 pacientes fumantes e 15 não fumantes com periodontite crônica. Obteve-se uma amostra por quadrante, com profundidade de sondagem 6 mm e perda de inserção > 3 mm em cada paciente. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi realizada com os primers específicos 16S rDNA para a detecção molecular de C. rectus e C. gracilis, primers específicos de cpn60 para C. concisus e gene primers de hsp60 para C. ureolyticus. As espécies de Campylobacter apresentaram uma prevalência geral de 93,3% nos pacientes periodontais, enquanto C. rectus foi o mais frequente (80%), seguido por C. concisus (66,7%), C. gracilis (33,3%) e C. ureolyticus (10%). Apenas C. gracilis apresentou associação estatisticamente significante (p = 0,002) com a periodontite crônica entre as amostras de pacientes fumantes e não fumantes. Observou-se alta prevalência do gênero Campylobacter nas populações analisadas (93,3%), sendo C. reto as espécies mais frequentes (80%). Além disso, C. gracilis mostrou associação estatisticamente significante entre estado de fumante e periodontite crônica.

Arcobacter butzleri and A. cryaerophilus in human, animals and food sources, in southern Chile.

The isolation frequency of Arcobacter species in children with diarrhea, fowls, mammals and food of avian and marine origin was established. In all the samples it was possible to isolate Arcobacter species corresponding 201 (39.4%) to A. butzleri and 24 (4.7) to A. cryaerophilus . Both species were simultaneously isolated in 19 (3.7%) being A. butzleri the most frequently isolated species.

Arcobacter butzleri and A. cryaerophilus in human, animals and food sources, in southern Chile

The isolation frequency of Arcobacter species in children with diarrhea, fowls, mammals and food of avian and marine origin was established. In all the samples it was possible to isolate Arcobacter species corresponding 201 (39.4%) to A. butzleri and 24 (4.7) to A. cryaerophilus. Both species were simultaneously isolated in 19 (3.7%) being A. butzleri the most frequently isolated species.

Adhesive and invasive capacities of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from South American sea lion.

Edwarsiella tarda is a zoonotic bacterium that can be isolated from humans, animals and the environment. Although E. tarda is primarily considered a fish pathogen, it is the only species of its genus considered to be pathogenic for humans as well. A survey of zoonotic intestinal bacteria in fresh feces from South American sea lions (SASL) Otaria flavescens, reported E. tarda as the most frequently isolated species. In this study, we used HEp-2 cells to establish in vitro the adherence and invasive ability of 17 E. tarda strains isolated from SASL fecal material. All the strains were able to adhere and invade HEp-2 cells with adhesion and invasion percentages ranging from 56 to 100% and 21 to 74%, respectively. Despite the expression of these pathogenic factors, further investigation is needed to determine whether this bacterium could play a role as primary pathogen for this and other species of pinnipeds.

Campylobacter insulaenigrae: first isolation report from South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens, (Shaw, 1800)

Campylobacter insulaenigrae have been isolated from different pinnipeds but not from South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). The aim of this work is to report the first isolation of C. insulaenigrae from South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). The isolate, identified by its phenotypic and molecular characteristics, allow recognizing O. flavescens as a new host for C. insulaenigrae.

Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken carcasses and giblets in Southern Chile.

BACKGROUND: Gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella spp. is mainly related to the consumption of undercooked chicken meat or raw poultry products. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in chicken carcasses and giblets commercialized in Southern Chile (Valdivia city). METHODOLOGY: A total of 560 samples were collected from four supermarkets and one poultry products dealer, during two periods (autumn-winter and spring-summer periods), and analysed for Salmonella using standard bacteriological procedures. RESULTS: Five out of 280 analyzed carcasses (1.8%) and one out of 280 (0.4%) chicken giblets were Salmonella positive. The isolation frequency of Salmonella spp. considering the total samples analyzed was 1.1%. Salmonella Enteritidis was the only serotype isolated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in the isolation rates between the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods were found. CONCLUSION: Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated in low frequency from chicken carcasses and giblets commercialized in Southern Chile (Valdivia city); however, in spite of the low frequency of contaminated samples, this kind of food could be a potential vehicle of Salmonella infection to humans.

Occurrence of campylobacter species in healthy well-nourished and malnourished children

The occurrence of Campylobacter species in healthy, well-nourished and healthy, malnourished children of low socioeconomic level in Southern Chile was determined. Campylobacter carriers were significantly most frequent among malnourished (31.4 percent) than among well-nourished (9.9 percent) children. Six species were isolated from malnourished children whereas four were found among well-nourished children. C. upsaliensis was the most frequent (13.3 percent) species isolated from malnourished children, followed by C. lari (7.6 percent) and C. fetus ssp. fetus (1.9 percent).

A ocorrência de espécies de Campylobacter em crianças mal nutridas e bem nutridas, sem diarréia e de baixo nível socioeconômico, foi determinada. Os portadores de Campylobacter foram mais freqüentes entre as crianças mal nutridas (31,4 por cento) do que entre as crianças bem nutridas (9,9 por cento). Seis espécies de Campylobacter foram isoladas das crianças mal nutridas e quatro das crianças bem nutridas. C. upsaliensis foi a espécie mias freqüentemente isolada (13,3 por cento) das crianças mal nutridas, seguida de C. lari (7,6 por cento) e C. fetus ssp. fetus (1,9 por cento).

Occurrence of campylobacter species in healthy well-nourished and malnourished children.

The occurrence of Campylobacter species in healthy, well-nourished and healthy, malnourished children of low socioeconomic level in Southern Chile was determined. Campylobacter carriers were significantly most frequent among malnourished (31.4%) than among well-nourished (9.9%) children. Six species were isolated from malnourished children whereas four were found among well-nourished children. C. upsaliensis was the most frequent (13.3%) species isolated from malnourished children, followed by C. lari (7.6%) and C. fetus ssp. fetus (1.9%).