Determinants of adolescent childbearing in Ethiopia, analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey: a case-control study.

Background: Pregnancy and birth complications experienced by adolescents are also problems of older women. But it is severe among the young due to physical immaturity and social condemnation from basic reproductive health services. The study was aimed to analyze determinants of adolescent childbearing in Ethiopia using the Ethiopian demographic and health survey. Method: The data source for this study was the 2016 demographic and health survey. Records of 359 cases and 1436 randomly selected controls (1:4 ratio) were included in the analysis. Adolescent childbearing was the main outcome variable and the independent variables were sociodemographic and sexual & reproductive factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with adolescent childbearing. Result: The mean age of girls at first cohabitation was 15.28 ±1.64 and the mean age of first birth was 16.47±1.35. Adolescent childbearing was found to be higher in the Afar region (34.8%), and the lowest was in Addis Ababa city (4.1%). Finding from the multivariable analysis showed that place of residence, survey time age, and age at first sexual intercourse were the factors that have an association with adolescent childbearing. The odd of childbearing was higher among rural residents (AOR = 1.74; 95 % CI: 1.12, 2.72), early (<18 years) initiation of sexual intercourse (AOR =12.5; 95% CI: 5.97,25.18) and the risk is also higher among older teenagers (AOR =7.92; CI:3.92,15.90). Conclusion: Place of residents, age, and timing of first sexual intercourse was found to be the influencing factors of adolescent childbearing. Our finding indicates that the place of residence of the adolescent mothers must be considered in planning policies that attempt to disrupt successive cycles of socioeconomic deprivation. Public health interventions should focus their programs to be based on community and aim on prevention of early sexual intercourse and marriage.

Consistent condom utilization and associated factors among HIV positive clients attending ART clinic at Pawi general hospital, North West Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects a highly significant number of people and is responsible for the deaths of many people in sub-Saharan African countries alone. The best prevention method for this virus is through consistent condom utilization which can help to prevent drug-resistant HIV infection and acquisition of new infection. Therefore, this study aimed to assess consistent condom utilization and associated factors among HIV-positive individuals attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic at Pawi general hospital, North West Ethiopia in 2020. METHODS: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 HIV-positive individuals who have follow-up in the Pawi general hospital antiretroviral therapy clinics, from January to February 2020. The study subjects were reached using a systematic sampling technique and data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis were performed using epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 23 respectively. Binary and multivariable analyses with a 95% confidence level were performed. In the final model, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 419 antiretroviral therapy study participants were participated in the study with a response rate of 100%. In this finding, the consistent condom utilization rate was 49.2% [95% CI: 42.2-56.5%]. After controlling for possible confounding factors, the results showed that place of residence [AOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.45], marital status [AOR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.67], number of partners [AOR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.55] and level of education [AOR = 5.33, 95% CI: 1.57, 18.08] were associated factors of consistent condom utilization. CONCLUSION: Consistent condom utilization among HIV-positive clients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics at Pawi general hospital was low. Residence, marital status, level of education and number of partners were significantly associated factors of consistent condom use. Health education program and counseling services should be started to increase knowledge about way of transmission and appropriate use of condoms, increase self-efficacy towards condom use and reduction in the number of sexual partners.

Immunization Status and Challenges During COVID-19 and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 10-23 Months in South Region, Ethiopia 2020.

BACKGROUND: The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic is overstressing health systems and Essential health services and vaccination services are disrupted. Immunization is a confirmed gizmo for governing and even eliminating communicable diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the challenge and status of immunization during COVID-19 and associated factors among children aged 10-23 months south Nation Nationality and People Region Ethiopia. Methods and Materials: community-based mixed quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study was done in southwest Ethiopia. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. After that, the data were edited, coded, and move in into Epi info version 7.2 for data management then transported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The analyzed data were presented by tables, graphs, figures, and text form. RESULTS: According to this study, the prevalence of incomplete immunization was found to be 809 (62.2%) with (95% CI: 59.5, 64.8). In multivariable analysis waiting time at a health facility (AOR=0.04, 95% CI 0.0001,0.004), education (AOR=5.08,95% CI2.31,11.14), place of delivery (AOR=2.34,95% CI 4.96,6.089), fearing of COVID-19 (AOR=3.62,95% CI 1.72,7.64) and do not understand the separation care of COVID-19 and other health services (AOR=2.85,95% CI1.38,5.9) were significantly associated factors. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of incomplete immunization among children aged 10-23 months was very high in this study as compared to the other studies done in a different pocket of Ethiopia. Consecutively, reducing waiting time at a health facility, avoiding unnecessary fear of COVID-19, and promoting immunization in a different area of southwest Ethiopia along with health extension workers are recommended.