RESUMEN
Type 17 cytokines have been strongly implicated in mucosal immunity, in part by regulating the production of antimicrobial peptides. Using a mouse model of Citrobacter rodentium infection, which causes colitis, we found that intestinal IL-17RA and IL-17RC were partially required for control of infection in the colon and IL-17 regulates the production of luminal hydrogen peroxide as well as expression of Tnsf13 Reduced Tnfsf13 expression was associated with a profound defect in generating C. rodentium-specific IgA+ Ab-secreting cells. Taken together, intestinal IL-17R signaling plays key roles in controlling invading pathogens, in part by regulating luminal hydrogen peroxide as well as regulating the generation of pathogen-specific IgA+ Ab-secreting cells.
Asunto(s)
Citrobacter rodentium/inmunología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Oxidorreductasas/inmunología , Receptores de Interleucina-17/inmunología , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/genética , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-17/genética , Transducción de Señal/genéticaRESUMEN
Preclinical mouse models that recapitulate some characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) will facilitate focused study of pathogenesis and virus-host responses. Human agniotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) serves as an entry receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to infect people via binding to envelope spike proteins. Herein we report development and characterization of a rapidly deployable COVID-19 mouse model. C57BL/6J (B6) mice expressing hACE2 in the lung were transduced by oropharyngeal delivery of the recombinant human adenovirus type 5 that expresses hACE2 (Ad5-hACE2). Mice were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at Day 4 after transduction and developed interstitial pneumonia associated with perivascular inflammation, accompanied by significantly higher viral load in lungs at Days 3, 6, and 12 after infection compared with Ad5-empty control group. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in pneumocytes in alveolar septa. Transcriptomic analysis of lungs demonstrated that the infected Ad5-hACE mice had a significant increase in IFN-dependent chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, and genes associated with effector T-cell populations including Cd3 g, Cd8a, and Gzmb. Pathway analysis showed that several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched in the data set, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the chemokine signaling pathway, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, the measles pathway, and the IL-17 signaling pathway. This response is correlative to clinical response in lungs of patients with COVID-19. These results demonstrate that expression of hACE2 via adenovirus delivery system sensitized the mouse to SARS-CoV-2 infection and resulted in the development of a mild COVID-19 phenotype, highlighting the immune and inflammatory host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This rapidly deployable COVID-19 mouse model is useful for preclinical and pathogenesis studies of COVID-19.
Asunto(s)
Células Epiteliales Alveolares/inmunología , COVID-19/inmunología , Expresión Génica , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/virología , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/biosíntesis , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/genética , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/inmunología , Animales , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/patología , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/inmunología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/genética , Transducción GenéticaRESUMEN
Interleukin (IL)-17 signaling to the intestinal epithelium regulates the intestinal microbiome. Given the reported links between intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial translocation, and liver disease, we hypothesize that intestinal IL-17R signaling plays a critical role in mitigating hepatic inflammation. To test this, we study intestinal epithelium-specific IL-17RA-deficient mice in an immune-driven hepatitis model. At the naive state, these mice exhibit microbiome dysbiosis and increased translocation of bacterial products (CpG DNA), which drives liver IL-18 production. Upon disease induction, absence of enteric IL-17RA signaling exacerbates hepatitis and hepatocyte cell death. IL-18 is necessary for disease exacerbation and is associated with increased activated hepatic lymphocytes based on Ifng and Fasl expression. Thus, intestinal IL-17R regulates translocation of TLR9 ligands and constrains susceptibility to hepatitis. These data connect enteric Th17 signaling and the microbiome in hepatitis, with broader implications on the effects of impaired intestinal immunity and subsequent release of microbial products observed in other extra-intestinal pathologies.
