RESUMEN
The process of swine manure and wheat straw aerobic composting was examined, with exogenous microbial agents being added in treatment group. The physicochemical properties were measured by conventional methods, and bacterial community characteristics were investigated by high throughput sequencing analysis. Exogenous microbial agents increased high-temperature duration, reduced pH value at the end of fermentation stage, augmented total nitrogen content, reduced C/N ratio. Results from principal component analysis showed that microbial agents affected the stability of bacterial community during composting. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi was higher in the treatment group. At the class level, the relative abundance of Clostridia, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria in the treatment group were higher at the mesophilic and thermophilic phases. At the family level, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae_1, and Halanaerobiaceae of the Clostridia and Micromonosporaceae in the treatment group were higher at the mesophilic and thermophilic phases. Halocella was significantly positively correlated with exogenous microbial agents, while Ammoniibacillus was significantly negatively correlated with it. It suggested that microbial agents significantly changed the physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure during swine composting.
Asunto(s)
Compostaje , Animales , Bacterias , Calor , Estiércol , Nitrógeno , Suelo , PorcinosRESUMEN
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) is an analogue of natural double strand RNA (dsRNA), which can simulate the viral dsRNA and stimulate the immune response. In the present study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from piglets of Dapulian and Landrace with different disease resistance, and stimulated with 20 µg/mL Poly I:C for 24 hours in vitro culture. The expression of several cytokines (IL6, IL8, TNFα, IL10, IRF3, IFNα and IFNγ) and three pattern recognition receptors (TLR3, TLR4 and RIG1) was determined by qRT-PCR. The results showed that, most of the cytokines or receptors had obvious expression change compared with the control (without Poly I:C stimulation), especially the three cytokine genes IL6, IL8 and IL10, whose average expression change times were 20.71, 10.87 and 5.18, respectively. Expression comparison between breeds and among individuals of the same breed indicated that there was obvious difference not only between Dapulain and Landrace (Dapulain higher than Landrace) but also among the three individuals of the same breed. Our study simulated the infection of dsRNA to host cells using Poly I:C, and provided experimental foundation for further study on selecting the immune genes in response to Poly I:C stimulation and identifying the unique disease-resistance genes of Dapulian.
Asunto(s)
Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Poli I-C/farmacología , Porcinos/genética , Porcinos/inmunología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/inmunología , Femenino , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In referring to various methods for genomic DNA extraction from different tissues, we modified the classical phenol-chloroform procedure and reaction system for use in genomic DNA extraction from pig hair sacs. With the modified the phenol-chloroform method we successfully obtained high quality genomic DNA from pig hair sacs. Genomic DNA can be extracted from sacs of one to six pig hairs with satisfied quantity and quality for the need of PCR-based molecular ex-periment.
