Comparison of Caries and Gingival Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Healthy Children.

Background: Oral health problems often occur in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the incidences of dental caries and gingivitis increase as blood glucose (BG) levels rise. This work compared caries and gingival status of patients with T2D and healthy children to improve the understanding and attention of patients with T2D to oral health. Methods: Clinical data of 60 patients with T2D under the age of 10 from May 2020 to September 2022 were retrospectively collected and assigned to the diabetes group. Those 60 healthy children with the same physical examination were collected and assigned to the healthy group. Children in both groups underwent periodontal examination, dental caries examination, and gingival index examination. The prevalence, decayed, missed, and filled teeth (DMFT), caries average (CA), plaque index (PI), gingival crevicular bleeding index (GCBI), attachment loss (AL), and tooth looseness (TL) were observed and compared. Results: The prevalence of dental plaque (DP) (91.67%) and moderate to severe DP (45%) in the diabetes group was much higher based on those in the healthy group (73.33% and 23.33%) [1.25, 95% CI (0.96, 1.63), P < .001]. The prevalence of caries and CA was greatly higher in the diabetes group (75% vs. 21.67%, 2.88 vs. 1.06), and the incidence of gingivitis was higher (63.33% vs. 16.67%) [1.93, 95% CI (1.38, 2.70), P < .001]. Meanwhile, the diabetes group exhibited much higher PI (2.31 ± 0.13), GCBI (2.45 ± 0.28), AL (5.62 ± 0.47 mm), and TL (0.85 ± 0.17 mm) and exhibited obvious difference to those in the healthy group (0.92 ± 0.21, 0.86 ± 0.23, 1.65 ± 0.46mm, 0.36 ± 0.08 mm) [3.46, 95% CI (2.33, 5.15), P < .001]. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis in patients with T2D was higher than those in healthy children. Based on these findings, it is suggested that patients with T2D should be educated and encouraged to prioritize their oral health. Regular dental check-ups, proper oral hygiene practices, and preventive measures, such as professional cleanings and fluoride treatments, should be emphasized. Maintaining optimal blood glucose control is also crucial, as it may help reduce the risk and severity of oral health complications associated with diabetes.

Lipid management in ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in China: result from China National Stroke Registry III.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to assess the management of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the goal achievement, as well as to investigate the association between baseline LDL-C level, lipid-lowering treatment (LLT), and stroke recurrence in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). DESIGN: Our study was a post hoc analysis of the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III). SETTING: We derived data from the CNSR-III - a nationwide clinical registry of ischaemic stroke and TIA based on 201 participating hospitals in mainland China. PARTICIPANTS: 15,166 patients were included in this study with demographic characteristics, etiology, imaging, and biological markers from August 2015 to March 2018. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was a new stroke, LDL-C goal (LDL-C<1.8mmol/L and LDL-C<1.4mmol/L, respectively) achievement rates, and LLT compliance within 3, 6, and 12 months. The secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all caused death at 3 and 12 months. RESULTS: Among the 15,166 patients, over 90% of patients received LLT during hospitalization and 2 weeks after discharge; the LLT compliance was 84.5% at 3 months, 75.6% at 6 months, and 64.8% at 12 months. At 12 months, LDL-C goal achievement rate for 1.8mmol/L and 1.4mmol/L was 35.4% and 17.6%, respectively. LLT at discharge was associated with reduced risk of ischemic stroke recurrence (HR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.99, p=0.04) at 3 months. The rate of LDL-C reduction from baseline to 3-month follow-up was not associated with a reduced risk of stroke recurrence or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 12 months. Patients with baseline LDL-C ≤1.4mmol/L had a numerically lower risk of stroke, ischemic stroke and MACE at both 3 months and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The LDL-C goal achievement rate has increased mildly in the stroke and TIA population in mainland China. Lowered baseline LDL-C level was significantly associated with a decreased short- and long-term risk of ischemic stroke among stroke and TIA patients. LDL-C<1.4mmol/L might be a safe standard for this population.

A framework from point clouds to workpieces.

Combining computer-aided design and computer numerical control (CNC) with global technical connections have become interesting topics in the manufacturing industry. A framework was implemented that includes point clouds to workpieces and consists of a mesh generation from geometric data, optimal surface segmentation for CNC, and tool path planning with a certified scallop height. The latest methods were introduced into the mesh generation with implicit geometric regularization and total generalized variation. Once the mesh model was obtained, a fast and robust optimal surface segmentation method is provided by establishing a weighted graph and searching for the minimum spanning tree of the graph for extraordinary points. This method is easy to implement, and the number of segmented patches can be controlled while preserving the sharp features of the workpiece. Finally, a contour parallel tool-path with a confined scallop height is generated on each patch based on B-spline fitting. Experimental results show that the proposed framework is effective and robust.

Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Expression Profiles of PP2C in the Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Pan-Genome.

The gene family protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) is related to developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a popular cereal crop that is primarily utilized for human consumption and nutrition. However, there is little knowledge regarding the PP2C gene family in barley. In this study, a total of 1635 PP2C genes were identified in 20 barley pan-genome accessions. Then, chromosome localization, physical and chemical feature predictions and subcellular localization were systematically analyzed. One wild barley accession (B1K-04-12) and one cultivated barley (Morex) were chosen as representatives to further analyze and compare the differences in HvPP2Cs between wild and cultivated barley. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these HvPP2Cs were divided into 12 subgroups. Additionally, gene structure, conserved domain and motif, gene duplication event detection, interaction networks and gene expression profiles were analyzed in accessions Morex and B1K-04-12. In addition, qRT-PCR experiments in Morex indicated that seven HvMorexPP2C genes were involved in the response to aluminum and low pH stresses. Finally, a series of positively selected homologous genes were identified between wild accession B1K-04-12 and another 14 cultivated materials, indicating that these genes are important during barley domestication. This work provides a global overview of the putative physiological and biological functions of PP2C genes in barley. We provide a broad framework for understanding the domestication- and evolutionary-induced changes in PP2C genes between wild and cultivated barley.

[The salivary factors related to caries and periodontal disease in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the salivary factors related to caries and periodontal disease and to analyze the risk of caries and periodontal disease in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: The study comprised 30 children with diabetic mellitus, aged 7-15 years old, and 60 healthy age-and gender-matched children. Caries and periodontal indexes were recorded and saliva related factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Caries indexes of diabetes children [permanent teeth: decay missing filling tooth (DMFT) M (Q1,Q3) = 0(0, 4), deciduous teeth: decay missing filling tooth (dmft) M (Q1,Q3) = 0(0, 1)] were not significantly different with those of healthy children [DMFT M (Q1,Q3) = 1(0, 3), dmft M (Q1,Q3) = 0(0, 4)], but plaque index (PLI) (1.25 ± 0.33) and bleeding index (BI) (0.74 ± 0.45) of diabetes children were significantly higher than those of healthy children (PLI was 0.93 ± 0.31,BI was 0.34 ± 0.22) (P < 0.001). Salivary pH of diabetes children (7.68 ± 0.36) was significantly higher than that of healthy children (7.30 ± 0.32) (P < 0.05), and salivary acid buffering capacity had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Salivary glucose, immunoglobulin sIgA and sIgG were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).Salivary lysozyme of diabetes children was significantly higher than that of healthy children (P < 0.05). Total protein was significantly lower in diabetes children than in healthy children (P < 0.05). Salivary lactate dehydrogenase had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus can lead to the changes of some salivary factors related to gingivitis in diabetes children. Children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus may have a higher risk of periodontal disease.

[Influence of varicocele on sperm chromatin structure and sperm motility].

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of varicocele on sperm chromatin structure and sperm motility. METHODS: Routine semen analysis and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) were performed in a varicocele group (n=74) and a control group (n=89). RESULTS: Sperm concentration (41.4 +/- 38.7] x 10(6)/ml) grade a+b sperm percentage ([31.7 +/- 16.9]% and sperm viability ([62.8 +/- 22.2]%) in the varicocele group were evidently lower than those ([80.9 +/- 63.1] x 10(6)/ml, [46.8 +/- 20.5]%, [77.2 +/- 17.5])% in the control group (P < 0.05) and so were VCL, VSL and VAP ([37.4 +/- 12.5 microm/s, [23.4 +/- 7.8] microm/s, [26.5 +/- 8.2] microm/s) in the varicocele group than those ([42.4 +/- 10.7] microm/s, [27.3 +/- 7.3] microm/s, [30.7 +/- 7.8] microm/s) in the control (P < 0.05). MAD was increased (P < 0.01), and the COMP alphat of SCSA (23.2 +/-16.2) was obviously higher in the former than in the latter (14.1 +/- 11.8) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Varicocele causes damage to sperm DNA and changes sperm motility, which may result in male infertility.

[Investigation of semen quality of 18-35 year old Chinese army men].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the semen quality of the Chinese army men. METHODS: Ten-item sperm quality analyses were made by manual methods and the computer assisted sperm analysis system in 1054 young Chinese army men. The subjects were divided into 4 age groups (18-20 yrs., 21-25 yrs., 26-30 yrs and 31-35 yrs.), and the results of the analyses were compared. RESULTS: Among the 1 054 young males investigated, the semen volume was (2.6 +/- 1.4) ml, sperm density (55.9 +/- 46.5) x 10(6)/ml, sperm grade a + b motility (47.1 +/- 19.0)%, sperm viability (70.6 +/- 22.1)%, morphologically normal sperm (84.7 +/- 10.2)%, and acrosomal integrity (86.1 +/- 7.2)%. As for the percentages of the quality indexes that met WHO standards, the sperm volume was 73.5%, liquefaction time 91.1%, pH 93.0%, grade a + b motility 45.5%, viability 86.7%, sperm density 80.4%, morphologically normal sperm 98.2%, and the sperm total number 78.0%. Those who accorded with all the WHO standards accounted for 40.2%. CONCLUSION: The semen quality of the 18-35 year old army men was better than previously reported in the similar literature. And that of the 26-30 yrs. group was the best among all the age groups.