Assessing long-term water storage dynamics in Afghanistan: An integrated approach using machine learning, hydrological models, and remote sensing.

Assessment of Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) components is crucial for understanding regional climate and water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions like Afghanistan. Given the scarcity of ground-based data, this study leverages remote sensing datasets to quantify water storage changes. We integrated Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) data with WaterGap, Global Land Water Storage (GWLS), Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM), and climate variables (precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration) using artificial neural networks (ANN) and random forests (RF). Additionally, Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-1,2) data were utilized to estimate glacier mass changes. Seasonal trend decomposition using Loess (STL) was applied to assess TWS changes from 2003 to 2022. Our methodology reveals a high correlation (R = 0.90-0.97) between reconstructed and observed TWS anomalies across Afghanistan's major basins. Glacier mass decreased by -0.59 and -1.17 Gt/year during 2003-2009 and 2018-2022, respectively, while overall TWS declined by -2.46 Gt/year. The HRB experienced the largest TWS loss (-1.47 Gt/year), primarily due to groundwater depletion (-1.18 Gt/year). These findings underscore the importance of our approach for assessing water resources, providing vital insights for sustainable management under a changing climate in a data-scarce country.

Arginine as a regulator of antioxidant and gel formation in yak Myofibrillar proteins: Efficacy and mechanistic insights.

Arginine (Arg), a safe basic amino acid, modulates interprotein interactions and impacts the processing characteristics of myofibrillar proteins (MP) in meat products, as numerous studies have demonstrated. This study aimed to explore the effects of varying concentrations of Arg (0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200 %) on the physicochemical properties and gel behavior of yak MP. Utilizing yak MP as the substrate, we assessed and analyzed the physicochemical attributes and gel performance of the MP-Arg composite system. The findings revealed that Arg facilitates MP unfolding and internal group exposure, effectively mitigating oxidative tertiary structure alterations. Arg exerts potent antioxidant activity on MP, augmenting their water-holding capacity, which ameliorates gel properties. In this experiment, 0.05 % Arg maximally inhibited oxidative damage to MP, with protection being concentration-dependent. Collectively, these findings suggest that Arg effectively inhibits the oxidative degradation of MP structure and promotes the formation of enhanced gel characteristics.

Cardiomyopathy: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.

Cardiomyopathy is a group of disease characterized by structural and functional damage to the myocardium. The etiologies of cardiomyopathies are diverse, spanning from genetic mutations impacting fundamental myocardial functions to systemic disorders that result in widespread cardiac damage. Many specific gene mutations cause primary cardiomyopathy. Environmental factors and metabolic disorders may also lead to the occurrence of cardiomyopathy. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current understanding of the pathogenesis of various cardiomyopathies, highlighting the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to their development and progression. The current therapeutic interventions for cardiomyopathies range from pharmacological interventions to mechanical support and heart transplantation. Gene therapy and cell therapy, propelled by ongoing advancements in overarching strategies and methodologies, has also emerged as a pivotal clinical intervention for a variety of diseases. The increasing number of causal gene of cardiomyopathies have been identified in recent studies. Therefore, gene therapy targeting causal genes holds promise in offering therapeutic advantages to individuals diagnosed with cardiomyopathies. Acting as a more precise approach to gene therapy, they are gradually emerging as a substitute for traditional gene therapy. This article reviews pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for different cardiomyopathies.

SpatialRef: a reference of spatial omics with known spot annotation.

Spatial omics technologies have enabled the creation of intricate spatial maps that capture molecular features and tissue morphology, providing valuable insights into the spatial associations and functional organization of tissues. Accurate annotation of spot or domain types is essential for downstream spatial omics analyses, but this remains challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a manually curated spatial omics database (SpatialRef, https://bio.liclab.net/spatialref/), to provide comprehensive and high-quality spatial omics data with known spot labels across multiple species. The current version of SpatialRef aggregates >9 million manually annotated spots across 17 Human, Mouse and Drosophila tissue types through extensive review and strict quality control, covering multiple spatial sequencing technologies and >400 spot/domain types from original studies. Furthermore, SpatialRef supports various spatial omics analyses about known spot types, including differentially expressed genes, spatially variable genes, Gene Ontology (GO)/KEGG annotation, spatial communication and spatial trajectories. With a user-friendly interface, SpatialRef facilitates querying, browsing and visualizing, thereby aiding in elucidating the functional relevance of spatial domains within the tissue and uncovering potential biological effects.

Biocontrol of rusted root rot in Panax ginseng by a combination of extracts from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YY8 crude protein and Enterobacteriaceae YY115 ethyl acetate.

BACKGROUND: Rusted root rot is one of the most common root diseases in Panax ginseng, and Cylindrocarpon destructans is one of the main pathogenic fungus. The objective of this study was to screen and explore the extracts of biocontrol bacteria isolated from ginseng rhizosphere soil against Cylindrocarpon destructans. RESULTS: Bacterial strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YY8 and Enterobacteriacea YY115 were isolated and found to exhibit in vitro antifungal activity against C. destructans. A combination of crude protein extract from B. amyloliquefaciens YY8 and ethyl acetate extract from Enterobacteriacea YY115 in a 6:4 ratio exhibited the strongest antifungal activity against C. destructans. Measurements of electrical conductivity, protein content, and nucleic acid content in suspension cultures of C. destructans treated with a mixture extracts indicated that the extracts disrupted the cell membranes of rusted root rot mycelia, resulting in the leakage of electrolytes, proteins, and nucleic acids from the cells, and ultimately inhibiting the growth of C. destructans. The combined extracts suppressed the infection of ginseng roots discs by C. destructans effectively. CONCLUSION: The extracts obtained from the two bacterial strains effectively inhibited C. destructans in P. ginseng. It can provide scientific basis for the development of new biological control pesticides, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

Effects of Different Types of Starch on Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure of Beef during Cold Storage.

The purpose of this study was to identify the most effective method for enhancing the quality of beef gel during refrigeration. To achieve this objective, the effects of various types of starch on the physicochemical properties and microstructure of beef gel during refrigeration were investigated. In this study, ground beef gel was chosen as the research subject, and six different types of starch were added: 6% tapioca starch, cassava-modified starch (acetylated distarch phosphate, ADSP), potato starch (PSP), modified potato starch (acetate starch, SA), corn starch (CSP), and modified corn starch (hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate, HPDSP). The quality indicators of ground beef were measured and analyzed throughout the cold storage at 4 °C on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. The results demonstrated that the water capacity of beef mince supplemented with PSP and HPDSP was significantly greater (p < 0.05). Additionally, the gel strength was found to be the highest, while the mesh structure formed in the ADSP group was the greatest. Furthermore, HPDSP, PSP, and SA effectively inhibited the oxidation of meat fat, with SA showing a relatively good effect on delaying the oxidation of meat mince protein. The addition of starch can, to a certain extent, inhibit lipid and protein oxidation in meat mince. In conclusion, starch significantly enhances the quality of beef mince by improving water retention, gel strength, and microstructure during refrigeration.

Cross-modal integration of bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing data to reveal T-cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a relatively common malignancy clinically and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent studies have identified T-cell exhaustion as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRC. A long-standing challenge in the clinical management of CRC is to understand how T cells function during its progression and metastasis, and whether potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment can be predicted through T cells. Here, we propose DeepTEX, a multi-omics deep learning approach that integrates cross-model data to investigate the heterogeneity of T-cell exhaustion in CRC. DeepTEX uses a domain adaptation model to align the data distributions from two different modalities and applies a cross-modal knowledge distillation model to predict the heterogeneity of T-cell exhaustion across diverse patients, identifying key functional pathways and genes. DeepTEX offers valuable insights into the application of deep learning in multi-omics, providing crucial data for exploring the stages of T-cell exhaustion associated with CRC and relevant therapeutic targets.

The correlation between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and the progress of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate potential differences in symptoms between PD patients with or without RBD. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases (as of August 16, 2023), to identify relevant studies on PD and RBD. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 15.0. Continuous variables were analyzed using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), while count data were assessed using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI as statistical effect sizes. Heterogeneity among all included studies was tested; for studies with low heterogeneity (I2 < 50%), a fixed-effects model was used to calculate statistical results. For studies with relatively high heterogeneity (I2 > 50%), a random-effects model was applied, followed by sensitivity and subgroup analyses to identify sources of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 5,672 subjects were involved in this study. Compared to the NRBD group, the UPDRS-III score in the RBD group was significantly higher (SMD = 0.20, 95% CI: [0.11, 0.29], P < 0.001), and the Hoehn-Yahr score in the RBD group was also significantly higher (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI: [0.03, 0.55], P < 0.001). Patients with PD in the RBD group had more severe cognitive impairments than those in the NRBD group (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI: [-0.48, -0.11], P < 0.001). The incidence of hallucination in PD patients in the RBD group was 3.0 times that of the NRBD group (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: [2.15, 4.20], P = 0.110). PD patients in the RBD group also experienced more severe anxiety symptoms (SMD = 0.13, 95% CI: [-0.26, 0.51], P < 0.001), had higher scores in depression scales (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI: [0.02, 0.43], P < 0.001), and higher scores in sleep disorder scales than those in NRBD group (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI: [-0.11, 0.31], P < 0.001). Conclusion: Results show PD patients with co-occurring RBD have more severe motor and non-motor symptoms likely due to overlapping affected regions in RBD and PD-related pathology, plus broader neurodegeneration seen in PD patients with RBD. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#searchadvanced, identifier CRD42023476331.

Characterization and Differentiation of Flavor Profile of 12 Air-Dried Yak Meat Products Using GC-IMS and Multivariate Analysis.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in food are key factors constituting their unique flavor, while the characteristics of VOCs in air-dried yak meat (AYM) from various regions of the Tibetan Plateau and their inter-regional differences remain unclear. Therefore, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of VOCs in the five-spice (FS), spicy and numbing (SN), and aromatic and spicy (AS) versions of AYM from four regions of the Tibetan Plateau (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Tibet) using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) A total of 58 VOCs were identified, with alcohols accounting for 28.40%, ketones 22.89%, aldehydes 18.85%, and terpenes 17.61%. Topographic plots, fingerprint profiles, and multivariate analysis not only distinguished AYM of the same flavor from different regions but also discriminated those of different flavors within the same region. Furthermore, 17 key VOCs were selected as the primary aroma characteristics of the 12 types of AYM, including linalool, 3-methylbutanal, acetone, and limonene. Meanwhile, the differential VOCs for each flavor were determined, with linalyl acetate being unique to the FS, (E)-ocimene and ethyl propanoate being specific to the SN, and 2-methyl-3-(methylthio)furan-D and Hexanal-D being characteristic of the AS flavor. Based on the above results, the flavor of AYM can be improved to suit the taste of most people and increase its consumption.

The Role of Marein During Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Diabetic Kidney Disease / Rol de la Mareína Durante la Transición Endotelial-Mesenquimatosa en la Enfermedad Renal Diabética

SUMMARY: Marein is a flavonoid compound that reduces blood glucose and lipids and has a protective effect in diabetes. However, the effect and mechanism(s) of marein on renal endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have not been elucidated. In this study, single-cell sequencing data on DKD were analyzed using a bioinformation method, and the data underwent reduced dimension clustering. It was found that endothelial cells could be divided into five subclusters. The developmental sequence of the subclusters was 0, 1, 4, 2, and 3, of which subcluster 3 had the most interstitial phenotype.The expression of mesenchymal marker protein:Vimentin(VIM), Fibronectin(FN1), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) increased with the conversion of subclusters. In db/db mice aged 13-14 weeks, which develop DKD complications after 8-12 weeks of age, marein reduced blood levels of glucose, creatinine, and urea nitrogen, improved structural damage in kidney tissue, and reduced collagen deposition and the expression of FN1 and VIM. Marein also up-regulated autophagy marker:Light chain 3II/I(LC3II/I) and decreased FGFR1 expression in renal tissue. In an endothelial-mesenchymal transition model, a high glucose level induced a phenotypic change in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Marein decreased endothelial cell migration, improved endothelial cell morphology, and decreased the expression of VIM and FN1. The use of the FGFR1 inhibitor, AZD4547, and autophagy inhibitor, 3-Methyladenine(3-MA), further demonstrated the inhibitory effect of marein on high glucose-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition by reducing FGFR1 expression and up-regulating the autophagy marker protein, LC3II/I. In conclusion, this study suggests that marein has a protective effect on renal endothelial- mesenchymal transition in DKD, which may be mediated by inducing autophagy and down-regulating FGFR1 expression.

La mareína es un compuesto flavonoide que reduce la glucosa y los lípidos en sangre y tiene un efecto protector en la diabetes. Sin embargo, no se han dilucidado el efecto y los mecanismos de la mareína sobre la transición endotelial- mesenquimatosa renal en la enfermedad renal diabética (ERD). En este estudio, los datos de secuenciación unicelular sobre DKD se analizaron utilizando un método de bioinformación y los datos se sometieron a una agrupación de dimensiones reducidas. Se descubrió que las células endoteliales podían dividirse en cinco subgrupos. La secuencia de desarrollo de los subgrupos fue 0, 1, 4, 2 y 3, de los cuales el subgrupo 3 tenía el fenotipo más intersticial. La expresión de la proteína marcadora mesenquimatosa: vimentina (VIM), fibronectina (FN1) y receptor del factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos. 1 (FGFR1) aumentó con la conversión de subgrupos. En ratones db/db de 13 a 14 semanas de edad, que desarrollan complicaciones de DKD después de las 8 a 12 semanas de edad, la mareína redujo los niveles sanguíneos de glucosa, creatinina y nitrógeno ureico, mejoró el daño estructural en el tejido renal y redujo la deposición y expresión de colágeno de FN1 y VIM. Marein también aumentó el marcador de autofagia: Cadena ligera 3II/I (LC3II/I) y disminuyó la expresión de FGFR1 en el tejido renal. En un modelo de transición endotelial-mesenquimal, un nivel alto de glucosa indujo un cambio fenotípico en las células endoteliales de la vena umbilical humana. Marein disminuyó la migración de células endoteliales, mejoró la morfología de las células endoteliales y disminuyó la expresión de VIM y FN1. El uso del inhibidor de FGFR1, AZD4547, y del inhibidor de la autofagia, 3-metiladenina (3-MA), demostró aún más el efecto inhibidor de la mareína en la transición endotelial-mesenquimal inducida por niveles altos de glucosa al reducir la expresión de FGFR1 y regular positivamente la proteína marcadora de autofagia. , LC3II/I. En conclusión, este estudio sugiere que la mareína tiene un efecto protector sobre la transición endotelial-mesenquimatosa renal en la ERC, que puede estar mediada por la inducción de autofagia y la regulación negativa de la expresión de FGFR1.

Construction of an interface interaction in a g-C3N4/CdS/NiS for photoreforming of plastic and clean hydrogen regeneration.

Converting plastics into organic matter by photoreforming is an emerging way to deal with plastic pollution and produce valuable organic matter. Water shortage can be alleviated by using seawater resources. To solve these problems, we synthesize a ternary heterostructure composite g-C3N4/CdS/NiS. Heterojunctions are formed between graphitized carbon nitride (g-C3N4), cadmium sulfide (CdS) and nickel sulfide (NiS), which effectively improve the problem of fast charge recombination of pure g-C3N4 and CdS. The results of the g-C3N4/CdS/NiS photocatalytic tests show that the hydrogen production rates in seawater and pure water for 5 h are 30.44 and 25.79 mmol/g/h, respectively. In stability test, the hydrogen production rate of the g-C3N4/CdS/NiS in seawater and pure water is similar. This suggests that seawater can replace pure water as a source of hydrogen. While H2 is generated, the lactate obtained by polylactic acid (PLA) hydrolysis is oxidized to form small organic compounds such as formate, acetate and pyruvate. Our study shows that g-C3N4/CdS/NiS can not only use seawater as a hydrogen source to produce H2, but also photoreformate plastics dissolved in seawater into valuable small organic molecules. This has a positive impact on the production and use of clean energy, as well as on plastic pollution and water scarcity.

scBlood: A comprehensive single-cell accessible chromatin database of blood cells.

The advent of single cell transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) technology enables us to explore the genomic characteristics and chromatin accessibility of blood cells at the single-cell level. To fully make sense of the roles and regulatory complexities of blood cells, it is critical to collect and analyze these rapidly accumulating scATAC-seq datasets at a system level. Here, we present scBlood (https://bio.liclab.net/scBlood/), a comprehensive single-cell accessible chromatin database of blood cells. The current version of scBlood catalogs 770,907 blood cells and 452,247 non-blood cells from ∼400 high-quality scATAC-seq samples covering 30 tissues and 21 disease types. All data hosted on scBlood have undergone preprocessing from raw fastq files and multiple standards of quality control. Furthermore, we conducted comprehensive downstream analyses, including multi-sample integration analysis, cell clustering and annotation, differential chromatin accessibility analysis, functional enrichment analysis, co-accessibility analysis, gene activity score calculation, and transcription factor (TF) enrichment analysis. In summary, scBlood provides a user-friendly interface for searching, browsing, analyzing, visualizing, and downloading scATAC-seq data of interest. This platform facilitates insights into the functions and regulatory mechanisms of blood cells, as well as their involvement in blood-related diseases.

High efficiency Hg(II) electrochemical detection based on the number of defect engineering on MoS2: Insight in synergistic action of sulfur vacancies and undercoordinated Mo.

Defects on nanomaterials can effectively enhance the performance of electrochemical detection, but an excessive number of defects may have an adverse effect. In this study, MoS2 nanosheets were synthesized using a hydrothermal synthesis method. By controlling the calcination temperature, MoS2-7H, calcined at 700 °C under H2/Ar2, exhibited an optimal ratio of "point" defects to "plane" defects, resulting in excellent detection performance for mercury ions (Hg(II)). In general, the sulfur vacancies (SV) and undercoordinated Mo generated after calcination of MoS2 significantly promotes the adsorption process and redox of Hg(II) by increasing surface chemical activity, providing additional adsorption sites and adjusting surface charge status to accelerate the catalytic redox of Hg(II). The prepared MoS2-7H-modified electrode showed a sensitivity of 18.25 µA µM-1 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 6.60 nM towards Hg(II). MoS2-7H also demonstrated a good anti-interference, stability, and exhibited a strong current response in real water samples. The modulation to obtain appropriate number of defects in MoS2 holds promise as a prospective electrode modification material for the electroanalysis.

Electrospun radially oriented berberine-PHBV nanofiber dressing patches for accelerating diabetic wound healing.

A dressing patch made of radially oriented poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers was successfully manufactured with a modified electrospinning strategy. The as-electrospun PHBV radially oriented nanofiber dressing patch exhibited uniform and bead-free nanofibrous morphology and innovative radially oriented arrangement, which was demonstrated to possess obviously improved mechanical property, increased surface hydrophilicity and enhanced biological properties compared to the PHBV nanofiber dressing patch control with traditionally randomly oriented pattern. Interestingly, it was found that the radially oriented pattern could induce the cell migration from the periphery to the center along the radially oriented nanofibers in a rapid manner. To further improve the biofunction of PHBV radially oriented nanofiber dressing patch, berberine (Beri, an isoquinoline alkaloid) with two different concentrations were encapsulated into PHBV nanofibers during electrospinning, which were found to present a sustained drug release behavior for nearly one month. Importantly, the addition of Beri could impart the dressing patch with excellent anti-inflammatory property by significantly inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors of M1 macrophages, and also showed an additive influence on promoting the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), as well as inhibiting the growth of E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans, compared with the Beri-free dressing patch. In the animal studies, the electrospun PHBV radially oriented nanofiber dressing patch loading with high Beri content was found to obviously accelerate the healing process of diabetic mouse full-thickness skin wound with shortened healing time (100% wound closure rate after 18 days' treatment) and improved healing quality (improved collagen deposition, enhanced re-epithelialization and neovascularization and increased hair follicles). In all, this study reported an innovative therapeutic strategy integrating the excellent physical cues of electrospun PHBV radially oriented nanofiber dressing patch with the multiple biological cues of Beri for the effective treatment of hard-to-heal diabetic wounds.

TFTG: A comprehensive database for human transcription factors and their targets.

Transcription factors (TFs) are major contributors to gene transcription, especially in controlling cell-specific gene expression and disease occurrence and development. Uncovering the relationship between TFs and their target genes is critical to understanding the mechanism of action of TFs. With the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques, a large amount of TF-related data has accumulated, which can be used to identify their target genes. In this study, we developed TFTG (Transcription Factor and Target Genes) database (http://tf.liclab.net/TFTG), which aimed to provide a large number of available human TF-target gene resources by multiple strategies, besides performing a comprehensive functional and epigenetic annotations and regulatory analyses of TFs. We identified extensive available TF-target genes by collecting and processing TF-associated ChIP-seq datasets, perturbation RNA-seq datasets and motifs. We also obtained experimentally confirmed relationships between TF and target genes from available resources. Overall, the target genes of TFs were obtained through integrating the relevant data of various TFs as well as fourteen identification strategies. Meanwhile, TFTG was embedded with user-friendly search, analysis, browsing, downloading and visualization functions. TFTG is designed to be a convenient resource for exploring human TF-target gene regulations, which will be useful for most users in the TF and gene expression regulation research.

Neural mechanism of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in patients with non-suicidal self-injury.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been on the rise in recent years. Studies have shown that people with NSSI have difficulties in emotion regulation and cognitive control. In addition, some studies have investigated the cognitive emotion regulation of people with NSSI which found that they have difficulties in cognitive emotion regulation, but there was a lack of research on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and related neural mechanisms. METHODS: This study included 117 people with NSSI (age = 19.47 ± 5.13, male = 17) and 84 non-NSSI participants (age = 19.86 ± 4.14, male = 16). People with NSSI met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, and non-NSSI participants had no mental or physical disorders. The study collected all participants' data of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the differences in psychological performance and brain between two groups. Afterwards, Machine learning was used to select the found differential brain regions to obtain the highest correlation regions with NSSI. Then, Allen's Human Brain Atlas database was used to compare with the information on the abnormal brain regions of people with NSSI to find the genetic information related to NSSI. In addition, gene enrichment analysis was carried out to find the related pathways and specific cells that may have differences. RESULTS: The differences between NSSI participants and non-NSSI participants were as follows: positive refocusing (t = -4.74, p < 0.01); refocusing on plans (t = -4.11, p < 0.01); positive reappraisal (t = -9.22, p < 0.01); self-blame (t = 6.30, p < 0.01); rumination (t = 3.64, p < 0.01); catastrophizing (t = 9.10, p < 0.01), and blaming others (t = 2.52, p < 0.01), the precentral gyrus (t = 6.04, pFDR < 0.05) and the rolandic operculum (t = -4.57, pFDR < 0.05). Rolandic operculum activity was negatively correlated with blaming others (r = -0.20, p < 0.05). Epigenetic results showed that excitatory neurons (p < 0.01) and inhibitory neurons (p < 0.01) were significant differences in two pathways, "trans-synaptic signaling" (p < -log108) and "modulation of chemical synaptic transmission" (p < -log108) in both cells. CONCLUSIONS: People with NSSI are more inclined to adopt non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Rolandic operculum is also abnormally active. Abnormal changes in the rolandic operculum of them are associated with non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Changes in the excitatory and inhibitory neurons provide hints to explore the abnormalities of the neurological mechanisms at the cellular level of them. Trial registration number NCT04094623.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the EIN3/EIL Transcription Factor Gene Family in Doubled Haploid (DH) Poplar.

Ethylene (ET) is an important phytohormone that regulates plant growth, development and stress responses. The ethylene-insensitive3/ethylene-insensitive3-like (EIN3/EIL) transcription factor family, as a key regulator of the ET signal transduction pathway, plays an important role in regulating the expression of ET-responsive genes. Although studies of EIN3/EIL family members have been completed in many species, their role in doubled haploid (DH) poplar derived from another culture of diploid Populus simonii × P. nigra (donor tree, DT) remains ambiguous. In this study, a total of seven EIN3/EIL gene family members in the DH poplar genome were identified. Basic physical and chemical property analyses of these genes were performed, and these proteins were predicted to be localized to the nucleus. According to the phylogenetic relationship, EIN3/EIL genes were divided into two groups, and the genes in the same group had a similar gene structure and conserved motifs. The expression patterns of EIN3/EIL genes in the apical buds of different DH poplar plants were analyzed based on transcriptome data. At the same time, the expression patterns of PsnEIL1, PsnEIN3, PsnEIL4 and PsnEIL5 genes in different tissues of different DH plants were detected via RT-qPCR, including the apical buds, young leaves, functional leaves, xylem, cambium and roots. The findings presented above indicate notable variations in the expression levels of PsnEIL genes across various tissues of distinct DH plants. Finally, the PsnEIL1 gene was overexpressed in DT, and the transgenic plants showed a dwarf phenotype, indicating that the PsnEIL1 gene was involved in regulating the growth and development of poplar. In this study, the EIN3/EIL gene family of DH poplar was analyzed and functionally characterized, which provides a theoretical basis for the future exploration of the EIN3/EIL gene function.

PBAC: A pathway-based attention convolution neural network for predicting clinical drug treatment responses.

Precise and personalized drug application is crucial in the clinical treatment of complex diseases. Although neural networks offer a new approach to improving drug strategies, their internal structure is difficult to interpret. Here, we propose PBAC (Pathway-Based Attention Convolution neural network), which integrates a deep learning framework and attention mechanism to address the complex biological pathway information, thereby provide a biology function-based robust drug responsiveness prediction model. PBAC has four layers: gene-pathway layer, attention layer, convolution layer and fully connected layer. PBAC improves the performance of predicting drug responsiveness by focusing on important pathways, helping us understand the mechanism of drug action in diseases. We validated the PBAC model using data from four chemotherapy drugs (Bortezomib, Cisplatin, Docetaxel and Paclitaxel) and 11 immunotherapy datasets. In the majority of datasets, PBAC exhibits superior performance compared to traditional machine learning methods and other research approaches (area under curve = 0.81, the area under the precision-recall curve = 0.73). Using PBAC attention layer output, we identified some pathways as potential core cancer regulators, providing good interpretability for drug treatment prediction. In summary, we presented PBAC, a powerful tool to predict drug responsiveness based on the biology pathway information and explore the potential cancer-driving pathways.