Establishment of Stability Evaluation Criteria for the Oil-Gas Interface during Gas-Cap Gravity Flooding in Oil Reservoirs with Strong Edge-Water Drive.

A three-dimensional (3D) experimental model considering the influence of water energy is established to innovatively analyze oil-gas interface stability, and it is found that a stable gas cap with sufficient driving energy can be formed only under a stable oil and gas interface. So, the bidirectional displacement through the gas cap and edge water can be realized during the late development stage in the strong edge-water drive reservoirs. Results show that the recovery of bidirectional displacement can reach 60%, while the recovery of an unstable interface is basically below 50%. The recovery degree under a stable oil-gas interface is more than 25.63% than that of the unstable interface. Based on the Navier-Stokes equation, a "steady flow velocity u s" formula that considers the influence of multiple factors is defined, and the ratio of the flow velocity at the oil-gas interface to the gas injection rate is controlled between 0.6 and 0.85 to determine the criteria for the stable oil-gas interface. At the same time, the differentiation-hindered quasi-number (Gr) is defined to clarify the influence mechanism of various mechanical factors on gravity differentiation and the difficulty of oil and gas replacement. When Gr is equal to 1, the oil-gas interface reaches stable migration conditions. Larger formation dip angle, higher permeability, smaller oil viscosity, and lower gas injection rate are the favorable conditions for forming stable flow. The findings are recommended to be used in reservoirs with relatively homogeneous reservoirs, certain dip angles, and moderate or low oil viscosity.

Research on an Optimized Quarter-Wavelength Resonator-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Low-Frequency Acoustic Energy Harvesting.

Sound wave is an extensively existing mechanical wave, especially in marine and industrial plants where low-frequency acoustic waves are ubiquitous. The effective collection and utilization of sound waves provide a fresh new approach to supply power for the distributed nodes of the rapidly developing Internet of Things technology. In this paper, a novel acoustic triboelectric nanogenerator (QWR-TENG) was proposed for efficient low-frequency acoustic energy harvesting. QWR-TENG consisted of a quarter-wavelength resonant tube, a uniformly perforated aluminum film, an FEP membrane, and a conductive carbon nanotube coating. Simulation and experimental studies showed that QWR-TENG has two resonance peaks in the low-frequency range, which effectively extends the response bandwidth of acoustic-electrical conversion. The structural optimized QWR-TENG has excellent electrical output performance, and the maximum output voltage, short-circuit current and transferred charge are 255 V, 67 µA, and 153 nC, respectively, under the acoustic frequency of 90 Hz and sound pressure level of 100 dB. On this basis, a conical energy concentrator was introduced to the entrance of the acoustic tube, and a composite quarter-wavelength resonator-based triboelectric nanogenerator (CQWR-TENG) was designed to further enhance the electrical output. Results showed that the maximum output power and the power density per unit pressure of CQWR-TENG reached 13.47 mW and 2.27 WPa-1m-2, respectively. Application demonstrations indicated that QWR/CQWR-TENG has good capacitor charging performance and is expected to realize power supply for distributed sensor nodes and other small electrical devices.

Epidemiological Analysis of Avian Reovirus in China and Research on the Immune Protection of Different Genotype Strains from 2019 to 2020.

Avian reovirus (ARV) is the primary pathogen responsible for viral arthritis. In this study, 2340 samples with suspected viral arthritis were collected from 2019 to 2020 in 16 provinces of China to investigate the prevalence of ARV in China and to characterize the molecular genetic evolution of epidemic strains. From 113 samples analyzed by RT-PCR, 46 strains of avian reovirus were successfully isolated and identified. The genetic evolution of the σC gene showed that 46 strains were distributed in 1-5 branches, with the largest number of strains in branches 1 and 2. The σC gene homology among the strains was low, with approximately 62% homology in branches 4 and 5 and about 55% in the remaining branches. The strains circulating during the ARV epidemic in different provinces were distributed in different branches. The SPF chickens were immunized with inactivated vaccines containing strains from branches 1 and 4 to analyze the cross-immune protection elicited by different branches of ARV strains. A challenge protection test was performed using strains in branches 1, 2, 4, and 5. Our results showed that inactivated vaccines containing strains from branches 1 and 4 could fully protect from strains in branches 1, 4, and 5. The results of this study revealed the genetic diversity among the endemic strains of ARV in China from 2019 to 2020. Each genotype strain elicited partial cross-protection, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of ARV.

Heat Transfer Performance of a 3D-Printed Aluminum Flat-Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe Finned Radiator.

As electronic components progressively downsize and their power intensifies, thermal management has emerged as a paramount challenge. This study presents a novel, high-efficiency finned heat exchanger, termed Flat-Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe Finned Radiator (FOHPFR), which employs arrayed flat-plate oscillating heat pipes (OHP) as heat dissipation fins. Three-dimensional (3D)-printed techniques allow the internal microchannels of the FOHPFR to become rougher, providing excellent surface wettability and capillary forces, which in turn significantly improves the device's ability to dissipate heat. In this study, the 3D-printed FOHPFR is compared with traditional solid finned radiators made of identical materials and designs. The impacts of filling ratio, inclination angle, and cold-end conditions on the heat transfer performance of the 3D-printed FOHPFR are investigated. It is demonstrated by the results that compared to solid finned radiators, the FOHPFR exhibits superior transient heat absorption and steady-state heat transfer capabilities. When the heating power is set at 140 W, a decrease in thermal resistance from 0.32 °C/W in the solid type to 0.11 °C/W is observed in the FOHPFR, marking a reduction of 65.6%. Similarly, a drop in the average temperature of the heat source from 160 °C in the solid version to 125 °C, a decrease of 21.8%, is noted. An optimal filling ratio of 50% was identified for the vertical 3D-printed FOHPFR, with the minimal thermal resistance achieving 0.11 °C/W. Moreover, the thermal resistance of the 3D-printed FOHPFR is effectively reduced compared to that of the solid finned radiator at all inclination angles. This indicates that the FOHPFR possessed notable adaptability to various working angles.

Sirtuin 6 maintains epithelial STAT6 activity to support intestinal tuft cell development and type 2 immunity.

Dynamic regulation of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation is crucial for both homeostasis and the response to helminth infection. SIRT6 belongs to the NAD+-dependent deacetylases and has established diverse roles in aging, metabolism and disease. Here, we report that IEC Sirt6 deletion leads to impaired tuft cell development and type 2 immunity in response to helminth infection, thereby resulting in compromised worm expulsion. Conversely, after helminth infection, IEC SIRT6 transgenic mice exhibit enhanced epithelial remodeling process and more efficient worm clearance. Mechanistically, Sirt6 ablation causes elevated Socs3 expression, and subsequently attenuated tyrosine 641 phosphorylation of STAT6 in IECs. Notably, intestinal epithelial overexpression of constitutively activated STAT6 (STAT6vt) in mice is sufficient to induce the expansion of tuft and goblet cell linage. Furthermore, epithelial STAT6vt overexpression remarkedly reverses the defects in intestinal epithelial remodeling caused by Sirt6 ablation. Our results reveal a novel function of SIRT6 in regulating intestinal epithelial remodeling and mucosal type 2 immunity in response to helminth infection.

A Cantilever Beam-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Drill Pipe Transverse Vibration Energy Harvester Powering Intelligent Exploitation System.

Measurement While Drilling (MWD) is the most commonly used real-time information acquisition technique in offshore intelligent drilling, its power supply has always been a concern. Triboelectric nanogenerators have been shown to harvest low-frequency vibrational energy in the environment and convert it into electricity to power small sensors and electrical devices. This work proposed a cantilever-beam-based triboelectric nanogenerator (CB-TENG) for transverse vibration energy harvesting of a drill pipe. The CB-TENG consists of two vibrators composed of spring steel with PTFE attached and Al electrodes. The structurally optimized CB-TENG can output a peak power of 2.56 mW under the vibration condition of f = 3.0 Hz and A = 50 mm, and the electrical output can be further enhanced with the increased vibration parameters. An array-type vibration energy harvester integrated with eight CB-TENGs is designed to fully adapt to the interior of the drill pipe and improve output performance. The device can realize omnidirectional vibration energy harvesting in the two-dimensional plane with good robustness. Under the typical vibration condition, the short-circuit current and the peak power can reach 49.85 µA and 30.95 mW, respectively. Finally, a series of demonstration experiments have been carried out, indicating the application prospects of the device.

[An expression element of a new controlling insulin growth factors binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)in senescent cells].

AIM: To study the influencing factors of the increased expression of the controlling insulin growth factors binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)in the senescent cells. METHODS: Northern blot was used to show of the differential expression of the IGFBP-3 gene in the young and senescent 2BS cells; The size of 2 kb human IGFBP-3 upstream sequence including the series of the 5'-UTR area was amplified by PCR, and four groups of IGFBP-3 promoter fragments of different lengths were obtained by enzyme digestion. The Effectene Transfection Reagent (Qiagen) kit was used to transfect the fragments into the young and senescent cells. The promoting activity of several groups of constructing gene fragments were evaluated. The area of the controlling transfection activity was determined. The enhancer element in the activity area was ascertained by superimposing the oligonucleotide gel blocking experiment. RESULTS: Compared with the young 2BS cells, the expression of the IGFBP-3 gene in the senescent 2BS cells was enhanced. There was a protein binding in the fragment site from site +59 to -58 of the IGFBP-3 enhancer. 5'-ccagcctgccaagcagcgtgccccggttgc-3' was the enhancer element of IGFBP-3. CONCLUSION: In the 30 bp fragment from site -37 to -8 of the IGFBP-3 gene upstream, there is a new IGFBP-3 enhancer element IEE, which plays a controlling role in the expression of IGFBP-3.