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BACKGROUND: Protein A resins have been widely used for product capture during mAb, bispecific antibody (bsAb), and Fc-fusion protein purification. While Protein A ligands mainly bind the Fc region, many of them can also bind the VH3 domain. During mAb/bsAb purification, certain truncated byproducts may contain the same Fc region as the product but fewer numbers of the VH3 domain. In such a scenario, VH3-binding Protein A resins provide a potential means for byproduct separation based on the difference in VH3-binding valency. As the ligands of different VH3-binding Protein A resins are derived from distinct domains of the native Protein A, it would be interesting to know whether they possess comparable capabilities for separating species with the same Fc region but different numbers of VH3 domain. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the potential of different VH3-binding Protein A resins for separating antibody species with the same Fc region but different numbers of VH3 domain. METHODS: The VH3 Fab was released from a VH3-containing mAb by papain digestion. Post digestion, the released VH3 Fab was purified sequentially using CaptureSelect CH1-XL and MabSelect SuRe affinity chromatography. The purified VH3 Fab was used as the load material to assess the dynamic binding capacity (DBC) of five VH3-binding Protein A resins (i.e., Amshpere A3, Jetted A50, MabCapture C, MabSelect and MabSelect PrismA). The potential of VH3-binding Protein A resins for separating species having the same Fc region but different numbers of VH3 domain was evaluated using an artificial mixture composed of the product and a truncated byproduct, which contained one and zero VH3 domain, respectively (both species contained the same Fc region). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used to monitor Fab purification and separation of species containing the same Fc region but different numbers of VH3 domain. RESULTS: When loaded with an isolated VH3 Fab, different VH3-binding Protein A resins showed varied DBCs. Nevertheless, when these Protein A resins were used to separate a truncated byproduct, which contained the Fc region only without any VH3 domain, from the product, which included one VH3 domain in addition to the Fc region, they showed comparable capabilities for separating these two species. CONCLUSION: Although different VH3-binding Protein A resins showed varied DBCs towards a VH3 Fab, they exhibited comparable capabilities for separating species with the same Fc region but different numbers of VH3 domain.
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As a tool for acquiring uncharacterized genomic DNA adjacent to characterized DNA, genome-walking is integral to bioscience-related research works. Herein, a new genome-walking tool known as N7-ended walker PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is presented. The key aspect for this method is the use of a degenerate walker primer in secondary/tertiary PCR. The 7 nt 5' tail of this primer completely degenerates to N7 relative to its corresponding primary walker primer. The degeneracy reduces the efficiency of annealing this primer to its predecessor site. Clearly, primary nontarget DNA defined by the primary walker primer prefers to form a hairpin structure via the inverted ends rather than hybridizing with the degenerate primer. As a result, N7-ended walker PCR achieves genome-walking by selectively boosting the DNA of interest. The feasibility of the N7-ended walker PCR method was proven by acquiring uncharacterized DNAs flanking several characterized DNAs.
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In this study, we developed a multifunctional chitosan film with visible light-responsive photocatalytic properties by incorporating a novel nanofiller-a nanohybrid particle of poly(tannic acid) (PTA) and TiO2 (TP-NPs). Firstly, the hybridization of TiO2 with PTA not only improved its dispersion but also obtained TP-NPs with smaller band gaps (from 3.11 eV to 1.55 eV) and higher separation efficiency of photogenerated e--h+ (about 1.5-fold enhancement), thereby producing more reactive oxygen species and enhancing the antibacterial efficacy (compared with TiO2, the antibacterial effect of TP-NPs on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was heightened by about 2 times under visible light for 1 h). Secondly, TP-NPs were hydrogen bonded with chitosan, strengthening its mechanical and barrier properties, while imparting exceptional antibacterial efficacy. Moreover, the multifunctional properties enabled the active film to effectively delay the quality deterioration of grapes and kiwifruit. Hence, this study presented a multifunctional active packaging film tailored for fruit preservation.
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BACKGROUND: Upper extremity (UE) motor function impairment is a major poststroke complication whose recovery remains one of the most challenging tasks in neurological rehabilitation. This study examined the efficacy and safety of the personalized neuroimaging-guided high-dose theta-burst stimulation (TBS) for poststroke UE motor function recovery. METHODS: Patients after stroke with UE motor impairment from a China rehabilitation center were randomly assigned to receive high-dose intermittent TBS (iTBS) to ipsilesional UE sensorimotor network, continuous TBS (cTBS) to contralesional UE sensorimotor network, or sham stimulation, along with conventional therapy for 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the score changes on the Fugl-Meyer assessment-UE from baseline to 1 and 3 weeks. The secondary outcomes included the response rate on Fugl-Meyer assessment-UE scores posttreatment (≥9-point improvement) and score changes in multidimensional scales measuring UE, lower extremity, and activities and participation. RESULTS: From June 2021 to June 2022, 45 participants were randomized and 43 were analyzed. The iTBS and continuous TBS groups showed significantly greater improvement in Fugl-Meyer assessment-UE (mean improvement, iTBS: 10.73 points; continuous TBS: 10.79 points) than the sham group (2.43 points) and exhibited significantly greater response rates on Fugl-Meyer assessment-UE (iTBS, 60.0%; continuous TBS, 64.3%) than the sham group (0.0%). The active groups consistently exhibited superior improvement on the other 2 UE assessments at week 3. However, only the iTBS group showed greater efficacy on 1 lower extremity assessment than the sham group at week 3. Both active groups showed significant improvements in activities and participation assessments. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence for the efficacy and safety of high-dose TBS in facilitating poststroke UE rehabilitation. REGISTRATION: URL: www.chictr.org.cn; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100047340.
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In order to reduce the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) and improve its antitumor effect, dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and DOX prodrug (DOX-S-DHA) synthesized via a single sulfur bond was used with TEPP-46 to prepare nano-liposomes (DOX-S-DHA@TEPP-46 Lips). In which, TEPP-46 was expected to exert p53 bidirectional regulation to promote the synergistic antitumor effect of DOX and DHA while reducing cardiotoxicity. DOX-S-DHA@TEPP-46 Lips exhibited uniform particle size, good stability, and excellent redox-responsive activity. DOX-S-DHA@TEPP-46 Lips could significantly inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, but had less cytotoxicity on normal cells. The presence of TEPP-46 increased the content of p53 protein, which further induced tumor cell apoptosis. DOX-S-DHA@TEPP-46 Lips had satisfactory long circulation to enhance the antitumor efficacy and reversed the cardiotoxicity of DOX in B16-F10 tumor-bearing mice. In conclusion, DOX-S-DHA@TEPP-46 Lips provides a new insight on creating sophisticated redox-sensitive nano-liposomes for cancer therapy as well as the decreased cardiotoxicity of DOX.
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Artemisininas , Cardiotoxicidad , Doxorrubicina , Liposomas , Profármacos , Animales , Artemisininas/química , Artemisininas/farmacología , Artemisininas/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/química , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Profármacos/química , Profármacos/farmacología , Ratones , Liposomas/química , Cardiotoxicidad/prevención & control , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Tamaño de la Partícula , Nanopartículas/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Melanoma Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/patología , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Humanos , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
Purpose: Reducing the first-pass hepatic effect via intestinal lymphatic transport is an effective way to increase the oral absorption of drugs. 2-Monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) as a primary digestive product of dietary lipids triglyceride, can be assembled in chylomicrons and then transported from the intestine into the lymphatic system. Herein, we propose a biomimetic strategy and report a 2-MAG mimetic nanocarrier to target the intestinal lymphatic system via the lipid absorption pathway and improve oral bioavailability. Methods: The 2-MAG mimetic liposomes were designed by covalently bonding serinol (SER) on the surface of liposomes named SER-LPs to simulate the structure of 2-MAG. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was chosen as the model drug because of its disadvantages such as poor solubility and high first-pass effect. The endocytosis and exocytosis mechanisms were investigated in Caco-2 cells and Caco-2 cell monolayers. The capacity of intestinal lymphatic transport was evaluated by ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments. Results: DHA loaded SER-LPs (SER-LPs-DHA) had a particle size of 70 nm and a desirable entrapment efficiency of 93%. SER-LPs showed sustained release for DHA in the simulated gastrointestinal environment. In vitro cell studies demonstrated that the cellular uptake of SER-LPs primarily relied on the caveolae- rather than clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway and preferred to integrate into the chylomicron assembly process through the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus route. After oral administration, SER-LPs efficiently promoted drug accumulation in mesenteric lymphatic nodes. The oral bioavailability of DHA from SER-LPs was 10.40-fold and 1.17-fold larger than that of free DHA and unmodified liposomes at the same dose, respectively. Conclusion: SER-LPs improved oral bioavailability through efficient intestinal lymphatic transport. These findings of the current study provide a good alternative strategy for oral delivery of drugs with high first-pass hepatic metabolism.
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Artemisininas , Disponibilidad Biológica , Liposomas , Animales , Liposomas/química , Liposomas/farmacocinética , Células CACO-2 , Humanos , Administración Oral , Artemisininas/farmacocinética , Artemisininas/química , Artemisininas/administración & dosificación , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Distribución Tisular , Tamaño de la Partícula , Ratones , Sistema Linfático/metabolismo , Sistema Linfático/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas , Materiales Biomiméticos/farmacocinética , Materiales Biomiméticos/química , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismoRESUMEN
The globe is an organically linked whole, and in the pandemic era, COVID-19 has brought heavy public safety threats and economic costs to humanity as almost all countries began to pay more attention to taking steps to minimize the risk of harm to society from sudden-onset diseases. It is worth noting that in some low- and middle-income areas, where the environment for epidemic detection is complex, the causative and comorbid factors are numerous, and where public health resources are scarce. It is often more difficult than in other areas to obtain timely and effective detection and control in the event of widespread virus transmission, which, in turn, is a constant threat to local and global public health security. Pandemics are preventable through effective disease surveillance systems, with nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) as the mainstay of the control system, effectively controlling the spread of epidemics and preventing larger outbreaks. However, current state-of-the-art NPIs are not applicable in low- and middle-income areas and tend to be decentralized and costly. Based on a 3-year case study of SARS-CoV-2 preventive detection in low-income areas in south-central China, we explored a strategic model for enhancing disease detection efficacy in low- and middle-income areas. For the first time, we propose an integrated and comprehensive approach that covers structural, social, and personal strategies to optimize the epidemic surveillance system in low- and middle-income areas. This model can improve the local epidemic detection efficiency, ensure the health care needs of more people, reduce the public health costs in low- and middle-income areas in a coordinated manner, and ensure and strengthen local public health security sustainably.
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COVID-19 , Salud Pública , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Salud Pública/métodos , China/epidemiología , Pobreza , Pandemias/prevención & control , Prueba de COVID-19/métodosRESUMEN
As one of the most typical pathogens in fruit postharvest diseases, Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) can produce Alternaria toxins (ATs) aggravating fruit decay and harming human health. In this study, ATs (tenuazonic acid, alternariol monomethyl ether, and alternariol) production was inhibited effectively by 200 and 8000 mg/L MF (methyl ferulate) in vitro and in vivo. 1-Octen-3-ol and 3-octanol were the potential iconic volatile organic compounds of ATs (R2 > 0.99). MF induced oxidative stress, resulting in physiological and metabolic disorders, membrane lipid oxidation and cell damage. It decreased precursors and energy supply by disturbing amino acid metabolism, ABC transporters, citrate cycle, pentose and glucuronate interconversions to regulate ATs synthesis. MF down-regulated the genes related to ATs synthesis (PksJ, AaTAS1, and OmtI), transport (AaMFS1 and MFS), and pathogenicity to affect ATs production and virulence. This study provided a theoretical basis for the control of ATs production.
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Alternaria , Metaboloma , Micotoxinas , Transcriptoma , Alternaria/metabolismo , Alternaria/genética , Alternaria/crecimiento & desarrollo , Alternaria/química , Micotoxinas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Ácidos Cumáricos/metabolismo , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated and complex process in which DNA methylation plays a crucial role. This study aimed to explore the differential methylation profiles in sperm DNA between patients with asthenospermia (AS) and healthy controls (HCs), those with oligoasthenospermia (OAS) and HCs, and patients with AS and those with OAS. RESULTS: Semen samples and clinical data were collected from five patients with AS, five patients with OAS, and six age-matched HCs. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was performed to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in sperm cells among the different types of patients and HCs. A total of 6520, 28,019, and 16,432 DMRs were detected between AS and HC, OAS and HC, and AS and OAS groups, respectively. These DMRs were predominantly located within gene bodies and mapped to 2868, 9296, and 9090 genes in the respective groups. Of note, 12, 9, and 8 DMRs in each group were closely associated with spermatogenesis and male infertility. Furthermore, BDNF, SMARCB1, PIK3CA, and DDX27; RBMX and SPATA17; ASZ1, CDH1, and CHDH were identified as strong differentially methylated candidate genes in each group, respectively. Meanwhile, the GO analysis of DMR-associated genes in the AS vs. HC groups revealed that protein binding, cytoplasm, and transcription (DNA-templated) were the most enriched terms in the biological process (BP), cellular component (CC), and molecular function (MF), respectively. Likewise, in both the OAS vs. HC and AS vs. OAS groups, GO analysis revealed protein binding, nucleus, and transcription (DNA-templated) as the most enriched terms in BP, CC, and MF, respectively. Finally, the KEGG analysis of DMR-annotated genes and these genes at promoters suggested that metabolic pathways were the most significantly associated across all three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The current study results revealed distinctive sperm DNA methylation patterns in the AS vs. HC and OAS vs. HC groups, particularly between patients with AS and those with OAS. The identification of key genes associated with spermatogenesis and male infertility in addition to the differentially enriched metabolic pathways may contribute to uncovering the potential pathogenesis in different types of abnormal sperm parameters.
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Astenozoospermia , Metilación de ADN , Oligospermia , Humanos , Masculino , Astenozoospermia/genética , Adulto , Oligospermia/genética , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Epigénesis GenéticaRESUMEN
Both subsoiling tillage (ST) and ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (RF) are widely implemented and play an important role in boosting wheat productivity. However, information about the effects of ST coupled with RF during the summer fallow season on wheat productivity and environmental issues remains limited. This study aims to explore the effects of ST coupled with RF on water harvesting, wheat productivity-yield traits, water and nutrient use efficiency and quality, and soil nitrate-N residue in dryland winter wheat-summer fallow rotation at the intersection of southern Loess Plateau and western Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China in 2018-2022. Three tillage practices-deep plowing with straw turnover (PTST), subsoiling with straw mulching (STSM), and STSM coupled with RF (SRFSM)-are conducted during the summer fallow season. The results indicated that tillage practices during the summer fallow season significantly impacted wheat productivity and soil nitrate-N residue. Compared to PTST, STSM significantly enhanced rainfall fallow efficiency and water use efficiency by 7.0% and 14.2%, respectively, as well as N, P, and K uptake efficiency by 16.9%, 16.2%, and 15.3%, and thus increased grain yield by 14.3% and improved most parameters of protein components and processing quality, albeit with an increase in nitrate-N residue in the 0- to 300-cm soil depth by 12.5%. SRFSM, in turn, led to a further increase in water storage at sowing, resulting in an increase of water use efficiency by 6.8%, as well as N, P, and K uptake efficiency and K internal efficiency by 11.8%, 10.4%, 8.8%, and 4.7%, thereby significantly promoting grain yield by 10.2%, and improving the contents of all the protein components and enhancing the processing quality in grain, and simultaneously reducing the nitrate-N residue in the 0- to 300-cm soil layer by 16.1%, compared to STSM. In essence, this study posits that employing subsoiling coupled with ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting (SRFSM) during the summer fallow season is a promising strategy for enhancing wheat yield, efficiency, and quality, and simultaneously reducing soil nitrate-N residue within the dryland summer fallow-winter wheat rotation system.
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Crosstalk-oriented chemical evolution of natural products (NPs) is an efficacious strategy for generating novel skeletons through coupling reactions between NP fragments. In this study, two NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitors, sorbremnoids A and B (1 and 2), with unprecedented chemical architectures were identified from a fungus Penicillium citrinum. Compounds 1 and 2 exemplify rare instances of hybrid NPs formed via a major facilitator superfamily (MFS)-like enzyme by coupling reactive intermediates from two separate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), pcisor and pci56. Both sorbremnoids A and B are NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. Sorbremnoid A demonstrated strong inhibition of IL-1ß by directly binding to the NLRP3 protein, inhibiting the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro, with potential application in diabetic refractory wound healing through the suppression of excessive inflammatory responses. This research will inspire the development of anti-NLRP3 inflammasome agents as lead treatments and enhance knowledge pertaining to NPs derived from biosynthetic crosstalk.
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Inflamasomas , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Penicillium , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Inflamasomas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Penicillium/metabolismo , Penicillium/química , Humanos , Vías Biosintéticas/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Productos Biológicos/química , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Productos Biológicos/metabolismo , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Obesity and osteoporosis (OP) are receiving increasing attention. Waist circumference (WC) is an effective indicator for assessing central obesity. Currently, there is controversy regarding the relationship between WC and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as OP. Therefore, our study aims to utilize data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to evaluate the relationship between WC and BMD, as well as OP, in US adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included subjects aged ≥18 years from the NHANES 1999-2018. Multivariate linear regression models were performed to investigate the association between WC and BMD. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between WC and OP. Restricted cubic spline curves were used to assess potential nonlinear association between WC and BMD, OP. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to assess the robustness of the results. RESULTS: Finally, 11,165 participants (non-OP, n = 10,465; OP, n = 700) were included in the final analysis. The results showed that WC was positively associated with total femur (TF), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS) BMD, and might be a protective factor for OP, independent of traditional confounding factors. For each 1 cm increased in WC, TF BMD, FN BMD and LS BMD increased by 0.004 g/cm2, 0.003 g/cm2 and 0.003 g/cm2, respectively, and the risk of OP decreased by 3.1 %. Furthermore, there was a non-linear relationship between WC and BMD, OP. The association remained robust in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION: In US adults, there is a positive association between WC and BMD, and WC may be a protective factor for the risk of OP. The association between WC and BMD as well as OP exhibits a non-linear relationship.
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Densidad Ósea , Encuestas Nutricionales , Osteoporosis , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Humanos , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Osteoporosis/epidemiología , Osteoporosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Circunferencia de la Cintura/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Transversales , AncianoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Exosomes, one of small extracellular vesicles, play a vital role in cell to cell communication and contribute to the advancement of tumors through their cargo molecules. Exosomal circRNAs have emerged as significant players in various types of tumors. Thus, this study aimed to investigate how exosomal circRNAs are involved in the diagnosis and progression of gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: Serum exosomes were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blot. CCK-8, colony formation and transwell assays were conducted to study the function of hsa_circ_0050547 (named as circ50547). qRT-PCR was used to quantify the expression of circ50547 in GC tissues and serum exosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to detect the cellular distribution of circ50547. Stemness and drug-resistance were detected by sphere formation, WB, flow cytometry and half-maximal inhibitory concentration analyses. Bioinformatic analyses, luciferase experiments, qRT-PCR and WB were used to investigate molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: We discovered for the first time a new type of GC-derived exosomal circRNA, circ50547. We found that circ50547 is highly expressed in both GC tissues and serum exosomes. Interestingly, we observed that the diagnostic value of exosomal circ50547 is superior to that of serum circ50547. Circ50547 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness and drug resistance of GC cells, while knockdown of circ50547 showed the opposite effect. Mechanistically, circ50547 acted as a sponge for miR-217 to regulate the expression of HNF1B, which promoted gastric cancer progression. CONCLUSION: Exosomal circ50547 may be a promising marker for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of GC. These findings suggest that it plays an oncogenic role through miR-217/HNF1B signaling pathway in GC.
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Organic fertilizer substitution is an effective measure for increasing both the quantity and quality of wheat grain while reducing chemical fertilizer input. However, the effects of reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer substitution on grain yield, grain protein content and protein yield, plant N accumulation and translocation, N use efficiency, soil fertility, N apparent surplus and nitrate-N residue in rain-fed drought-prone areas remains limited. In this study, field experiments were conducted over four consecutive seasons (2019-2023) at two sites with four treatments: zero N application (ZN), farmer N application (FN), reduced 20% N of FN (RN), and organic fertilizer substituting 20% N of RN (OSN). The results showed that compared with the ZN treatment, the FN, RN and OSN treatments increased grain yield and its components, grain protein content and protein yield, aboveground N accumulation at the anthesis and maturity stages, pre-anthesis N translocation, post-anthesis N accumulation, N use efficiency, soil fertility. Compared with RN and FN, OSN increased grain yield by 17.12% and 15.03%, grain protein yield by 3.31% and 17.15%, grain N accumulation by 17.78% and 15.58%, and N harvest index by 2.63% and 4.45% averaged across years and sites, respectively. Moreover, OSN increased the contents of organic matter, total N, available P and available K in both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers, decreased N apparent surplus and nitrate-N residue in 0-100 cm, and pH in both 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer. Fundamentally, this study suggests that integrating a 20% reduction N from conventional farmer practices with the utilization of organic fertilizer to replace 20% of the chemical N fertilizer (OSN) represents an effective strategy. This approach shows promise in enhancing wheat grain yield, grain protein yield, and N use efficiency. Additionally, it supports the improvement of soil fertility while simultaneously reducing soil nitrate-N residues and the apparent surplus of N in rain-fed drought-prone regions.
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BACKGROUND: Ichthyosis is a common keratotic skin disease with high clinical, etiological and genetic heterogeneity. There are four types of non-syndromic hereditary ichthyoses, among which autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a heterogeneous group of recessive Mendelian disorders. ARCI present with different phenotypes and ABCA12 pathogenic variants have been shown to cause complex ARCI phenotypes, including harlequin ichthyosis (HI), lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE). METHODS: A sporadic male patient, clinically diagnosed with CIE, was enrolled in this study. Exome sequencing was combined with Sanger sequencing to confirm the diagnosis and identify the pathogenic variants. In silico predictions were made using multiple software programs, and the identified variants were interpreted using the ACMG guidelines. A review of all literature reported ABCA12 variants was performed to explore genotype-phenotype correlations. RESULTS: Compound heterozygous ABCA12 variants [c.5381+1G>A and c.5485G>C (p.Asp1829His)] (NM_173076) were identified. The two variants were not detected in the public database. c.5381+1G>A is predicted to affect ABCA12 mRNA splicing and Asp1829 is highly conserved among various species. In silico analysis suggested that these two variants were responsible for the phenotype of the patient. Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis showed that biallelic truncation variants and/or exon/amino acid deletions in ABCA12 are the most common causes of HI. Biallelic missense variants are most common in LI and CIE. CONCLUSIONS: The compound heterozygous ABCA12 variants caused the CIE phenotype observed in the patient. The spectrum of ABCA12 pathogenic variants were broaden. Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis provided detailed evidence which can be used in future prenatal diagnosis and can inform the need for genetic counselling for patients with ABCA12-related ARCIs.
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Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP , Heterocigoto , Eritrodermia Ictiosiforme Congénita , Fenotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Eritrodermia Ictiosiforme Congénita/genética , Eritrodermia Ictiosiforme Congénita/patología , Mutación , Mutación MissenseRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a type of inborn error of metabolism (IEM) resulting from defects in glycan synthesis or failed attachment of glycans to proteins or lipids. One rare type of CDG is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in mannosidase alpha class 2B member 2 (MAN2B2). To date, only two cases of MAN2B2-CDG have been reported worldwide. METHODS: Trio whole-exome sequencing (Trio-WES) was conducted to screen for candidate variants. N-glycan profiles were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MAN2B2 expression was evaluated by western blotting. MX dynamin like GTPase 1 (MX1) function was estimated via Thogoto virus (THOV) minireplicon assay. RESULTS: Trio-WES identified compound heterozygous MAN2B2 (hg19, NM_015274.1) variants (c.384G>T; c.926T>A) in a CDG patient. This patient exhibited metabolic abnormalities, symptoms of digestive tract dysfunction, infection, dehydration, and seizures. Novel immune dysregulation characterized by abnormal lymphocytes and immunoglobulin was observed. The MAN2B2 protein level was not affected, while LC-MS/MS showed obvious disruption of N-glycans and N-linked glycoproteins. CONCLUSION: We described a CDG patient with novel phenotypes and disruptive N-glycan profiling caused by compound heterozygous MAN2B2 variants (c.384G>T; c.926T>A). Our findings broadened both the genetic and clinical spectra of CDG.
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Trastornos Congénitos de Glicosilación , Humanos , Cromatografía Liquida , Trastornos Congénitos de Glicosilación/genética , Trastornos Congénitos de Glicosilación/diagnóstico , Glicoproteínas , Polisacáridos , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
In this study, the curdlan-polyphenol complexes were constructed by a pH-driven method. The interaction between curdlan and various hydrophobic polyphenols (curcumin, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid) was investigated. Curdlan could self-assemble into particles for loading polyphenols through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The three polyphenols were embedded in curdlan in an amorphous state. The curdlan-curcumin complex showed the lowest viscoelasticity but exhibited the highest curcumin loading ability (34.04 ± 1.73 mg/g). However, the curdlan-chlorogenic acid complex emerged the opposite trend, indicating that the loading capacity was associated with the hydrophobicity of polyphenols. The antioxidant activity of curdlan significantly increased after combining with polyphenols, which could be maintained during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In particular, the curdlan-quercetin complex exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and short-chain fatty acid concentration, which could influence gut microbiota composition by promoting the proliferation of Prevotella and inhibiting the growth of Escherichia_Shigella. In conclusion, the curdlan-polyphenol complexes prepared by an alcohol-free pH-driven method could effectively enhance the gastrointestinal stability of polyphenols as well as increase the antioxidant and prebiotic activities of curdlan, which could be applied as a functional ingredient to improve gut health.
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Antioxidantes , Polifenoles , Prebióticos , beta-Glucanos , beta-Glucanos/química , beta-Glucanos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/farmacología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/farmacología , Fenómenos QuímicosRESUMEN
This study aimed to analyze the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the postharvest quality, epidermal wax morphology, composition, and gene expression of Jinxiu yellow peach during cold storage. The results showed that 1-MCP treatment could maintain the postharvest quality of peach fruit as compared to control (CK) during cold storage. The wax crystals of peach fruit were better retained by 1-MCP, and they still existed in 0.6 and 0.9 µL/L 1-MCP treated fruit at 36 days. The total wax content in all the fruit increased first and then decreased during cold storage. Meanwhile, n-alkanes and primary alcohols were the main wax components. Compared to CK, 1-MCP treatment could delay the reduction of wax content during cold storage. The correlation analysis indicated that the postharvest quality of yellow peach was mainly affected by the contents of fatty acids and triterpenoids in cuticular wax. The transcriptomics results revealed PpaCER1, PpaKCS, PpaKCR1, PpaCYP86B1, PpaFAR, PpaSS2, and PpaSQE1 played the important roles in the formation of peach fruit wax. 1-MCP treatment upregulated PpaCER1 (18785414, 18786441, and 18787644), PpaKCS (18774919, 18789438, and 18793503), PpaKCR1 (18790432), and PpaCYP86B1 (18789815) to deposit more n-alkanes and fatty acids during cold storage. This study could provide a new perspective for regulating the postharvest quality of yellow peach in view of the application of cuticular wax. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: 'Jinxiu' yellow peach fruit is favorable among consumers because of its high commercial value. However, it ripens and deteriorates rapidly during storage, leading to serious economic loss and consumer disappointment. The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on the postharvest quality, epidermal wax morphology, composition, and genes regulation of 'Jinxiu' yellow peach during cold storage was assessed. Compared to control, 1-MCP treatment could retain the storage quality of yellow peach by affecting cuticular wax composition and gene expression. This study could provide new perspective for regulating the postharvest quality of yellow peach in view of the application of cuticular wax.
Asunto(s)
Frío , Ciclopropanos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Frutas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Prunus persica , Ceras , Ciclopropanos/farmacología , Ceras/metabolismo , Prunus persica/química , Frutas/química , Frutas/efectos de los fármacos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Conservación de Alimentos/métodosRESUMEN
Background: Food allergies impose a large psychosocial burden, including mental, emotional, and social aspects, on both patients and their caregivers. Patients, caregivers, and their families often experience anxiety, isolation, and fear around food allergies. Objective: To assess the real-world mental health burden of food allergies, using the Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE) Patient Registry (NCT04653324). Methods: Self-reported data from patients with food allergies, and their caregivers, were analyzed from the FARE Food Allergy History and Mental Health Concerns surveys. Odds ratios were also calculated as a measure of association between patient food allergy characteristics and the likelihood of having mental health concerns or a formal mental health diagnosis. Results: The FARE Patient Registry included 1680 patients/caregivers. Anxiety (54%) and panic (32%) were the most common emotions that patients reported as a result of eating the food that produced an allergic reaction. About two-thirds of patients reported mental health concerns related to food allergies (62%), including anxiety after an allergic reaction, anxiety about living with food allergies, and concerns about food avoidance. Caregivers also experienced fear for the safety of their children, and often sought mental health care to cope with worry related to caring for patients with food allergies. The likelihood of having food allergy-related mental health concerns was increased for patients experiencing more than 1 reaction per year (OR 1.68-1.90) and was lowered for patients having a formal mental health diagnosis (OR 0.43). Caregivers filling out the FARE survey for pediatric patients (OR 4.03) and experiencing food allergy-related mental health concerns (OR 2.36) were both significant predictors for having a formal mental health diagnosis. Conclusion: Our study highlights a continuing unmet need for mental health screening and support as part of the management of patients with food allergies.