[Specific changes in gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid levels in infants with cow's milk protein allergy]. / ç‰›å¥¶è›‹ç™½è¿‡æ•å©´å„¿è‚ é“èŒç¾¤ç‰¹å¼‚æ€§å˜åŒ–åŠçŸ­é“¾è„‚è‚ªé ¸æ°´å¹³åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the changes in gut microbiota and levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), and to clarify their role in CMPA. METHODS: A total of 25 infants diagnosed with CMPA at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from August 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled as the CMPA group, and 25 healthy infants were selected as the control group. Fecal samples (200 mg) were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the changes in gut microbial composition and metabolites. Microbial diversity was analyzed in conjunction with metabolites. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the CMPA group showed altered gut microbial structure and significantly increased α-diversity (P<0.001). The abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased, while the abundance of Sphingomonadaceae, Clostridiaceae_1 and Mycoplasmataceae was significantly increased in the CMPA group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Metabolomic analysis revealed reduced levels of acetic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid in the CMPA group compared to the control group, and the levels of the metabolites were positively correlated with the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CMPA infants have alterations in gut microbial structure, increased microbial diversity, and decreased levels of SCFA, which may contribute to increased intestinal inflammation.

Bioinspired wet adhesive carboxymethyl cellulose-based hydrogel with rapid shape adaptability and antioxidant activity for diabetic wound repair.

Currently, adhesive hydrogels have shown promising effect in chronic diabetic wound repair. However, there are issues and challenges in treating diabetic wounds due to inadequate wet adhesion, unable to fill irregular and deep wounds, and oxidative stress. Herein, a mussel-inspired naturally hydrogel dressing with rapid shape adaptability, wet adhesion and antioxidant abilities for irregular, deep and frequently movement diabetic wounds repair was constructed by comprising catechol modified carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-DA) and tannic acid. Benefiting from the reversible hydrogen bonding, the resulting hydrogels exhibited injectability, remarkable self-healing ability, rapid shape adaptability and strong tissue adhesion (45.9 kPa), thereby contributing to self-adaptive irregular-shaped wounds or moving joint parts. Especially, the adhesion strength of the hydrogel on wet tissue still remained at 14.9 kPa. Besides, the hydrogels could be easily detached from the skin by ice-cooling that avoided secondary damage caused by dressing change. Remarkably, the hydrogels possessed excellent antioxidant, satisfactory biocompatibility, efficient hemostasis and antibacterial properties. The in vivo evaluation further demonstrated that the hydrogel possessed considerable wound-healing promotion effect by regulating diabetic microenvironment, attributed to that the hydrogel could significantly reduce inflammatory response, alleviate oxidative stress and regulate neovascularization. Overall, this biosafe adhesive hydrogel had great potentials for diabetic wound management.

A hybrid attention network with convolutional neural network and transformer for underwater image restoration.

The analysis and communication of underwater images are often impeded by various elements such as blur, color cast, and noise. Existing restoration methods only address specific degradation factors and struggle with complex degraded images. Furthermore, traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) based approaches may only restore local color while ignoring global features. The proposed hybrid attention network combining CNN and Transformer focuses on addressing these issues. CNN captures local features and the Transformer uses multi-head self-attention to model global relationships. The network also incorporates degraded channel attention and supervised attention mechanisms to refine relevant features and correlations. The proposed method fared better than existing methods in a variety of qualitative criteria when evaluated against the public EUVP dataset of underwater images.

Euryale ferox stem-inspired anisotropic quaternized cellulose/xanthan-based antibacterial sponge with high absorbency and compressibility for noncompressible hemorrhage.

Uncontrollable hemorrhage from deep noncompressible wounds remains an intractable challenge. Herein, inspired by the euryale ferox stem which is capable of transporting water and nutrient substances efficiently along longitudinally aligned channels, an anisotropic sponge with rapidly liquid absorption capacity, excellent mechanical compressibility and antibacterial property based on quaternized cellulose (QC), xanthan gum (XG) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), was constructed. The euryale ferox stem-like structure and multiple interactions, involving hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and chemical crosslinking, endowed the sponge with excellent fatigue resistance, elasticity and efficient liquid absorption capacity. In vivo rat liver injury, tail amputation and liver noncompressible hemorrhage model experiments confirmed that the sponge exhibited superior hemostatic performance than commercial gelatin sponge, attributing to the positive charge, efficient absorption capacity and rough surface of the sponge, which synergistically promoting the aggregation and activation of red blood cells and platelets as well as formation of fibrin network, leading to accelerated blood coagulation process. Besides, the sponge showed favorable cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and antibacterial property. Overall, the bioinspired sponge had fantastic potential for controlling deep noncompressible hemorrhage and providing a new idea for designing hemostatic materials.

Preparation of Micro-Nano-Structured FePO4·2H2O for LiFePO4 Cathode Materials by the Turbulent Flow Cycle Method.

The micro-nano-structured FePO4·2H2O was prepared from mixed solution of FeSO4 oxidized in diluted H3PO4 with H2O2 and NaOH solution in the turbulent flow cycle state at 90 °C. The resulting products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Constant current charge/discharge tests were adopted to investigate the electrochemical performance and the rate capability (from 0.1C to 5C) of the carbon-coated LiFePO4 composite materials prepared from the micro-nano-structured FePO4. The carbon-coated LiFePO4 composite materials deliver a high specific discharge capacity of 153.7 mAh·g-1, exhibit excellent cycle performance with 98.6% of the capacity retained after 30 cycles. This study demonstrates that the turbulent flow cycle method may be an economical and effective method for industrial production of fine and uniform micro-nano-structured FePO4·2H2O particles for LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.

A Nitrogen-Doped Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles/Porous Carbon Nanosheets Hybrid Material: A High-Performance Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries.

A nitrogen-doped MnO nanoparticles/ porous carbon nanosheets (N-MnO/PCS) composite was synthesized by the room-temperature redox reaction between KMnO4 and PCS followed by a facile carbothermal reduction, and a subsequent coating process of urea onto MnO/PCS and heat treatment. N-MnO nanoparticles with a grain size of about 30 nm are homogenously embedded on the surface of the N-PCS, corresponding to a high loading of 50.09 wt.% in the resulting composite. Benefiting from the enhanced reaction kinetics as well as electrical conductivity and continuous transport pathways of Li+ /electron resulting from the N-doping and hybridization of the cross-linked porous carbon substrate, the as-synthesized N-MnO/PCS-1 electrode delivers a large reversible specific capacity (1497.2 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 160 cycles), outstanding rate capacities (710.6 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1 and 640.1 mA h g-1 at 2 A g-1 ) and long-term cycling stability with specific capacity (976 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 after cycling 300 cycles). The simple and green synthesis and electronic properties of this composite mean that it has great potential as a high-capacity anode material for practical application in large-scale energy storage devices.