Golm1 facilitates the CaO2-DOPC-DSPE200-PEI -CsPbBr3 QDs -induced apoptotic death of hepatocytes through the stimulation of mitochondrial autophagy and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production through interactions with P53/Beclin-1/Bcl-2.

Mitophagy is a distinct physiological process that can have beneficial or deleterious effects in particular tissues. Prior research suggests that mitophagic activity can be triggered by CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs, yet the specific role that mitophagy plays in hepatic injury induced by CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs has yet to be established. Accordingly, in this study a series of mouse model- and cell-based experiments were performed that revealed the ability of CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs to activate mitophagic activity. Golm1 was upregulated in response to CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs treatment, and overexpressing Golm1 induced autophagic flux in the murine liver and hepatocytes, whereas knocking down Golm1 had the opposite effect. CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs were also able to Golm1 expression, in turn promoting the degradation of P53 and decreasing the half-life of this protein. Overexpressing Golm1 was sufficient to suppress the apoptotic death of hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo, whereas the knockdown of Golm1 had the opposite effect. The ability of Golm1 to promote p53-mediated autophagy was found to be associated with the disruption of Beclin-1 binding to Bcl-2, and the Golm1 N-terminal domain was determined to be required for p53 interactions, inducing autophagic activity in a manner independent of helicase activity or RNA binding. Together, these results indicate that inhibiting Golm1 can promote p53-dependent autophagy via disrupting Beclin-1 binding to Bcl-2, highlighting a novel approach to mitigating liver injury induced by CaO2-PM-CsPbBr3 QDs.

Th17/Treg balance: the bloom and wane in the pathophysiology of sepsis.

Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction characterized by an unregulated host response to infection. It is associated with high morbidity, rapid disease progression, and high mortality. Current therapies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment, such as blood volume supplementation and antibiotic use, but their effectiveness is limited. Th17/Treg balance, based on its inflammatory property, plays a crucial role in determining the direction of the inflammatory response and the regression of organ damage in sepsis patients. This review provides a summary of the changes in T-helper (Th) 17 cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and function during sepsis, the heterogeneity of Th17/Treg balance in the inflammatory response, and the relationship between Th17/Treg balance and organ damage. Th17/Treg balance exerts significant control over the bloom and wanes in host inflammatory response throughout sepsis.

Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharide: A review of its extraction and purification, structure analysis, and biological activity.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. is mainly distributed in Shanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan province of China. It is also found in Korea and Japan. Its dried roots and rhizomes are used as medicinal herbs and have been used to treat hyperglycemia and various inflammatory disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of the developments in the studies involving the extraction and purification, structure analysis, pharmacological effects, and potential applications of polysaccharides obtained from Polygonum cuspidatum. Additionally, the possible future research directions of this plant are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article used "Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharide (PCP)" and "Polygonum cuspidatum" as the keywords and gathered relevant data on Polygonum cuspidatum using electronic databases (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science), relevant books, and classic literature about Chinese herb. RESULTS: Excluding irrelevant and repetitive documents, 278 documents were finally included, of which 88 were in Chinese and 190 were in English. The CiteSpace software was used to visualize the trends and keywords in this research field. We concluded that the main extraction methods for Polygonum cuspidatum polysaccharide are water extraction and alcohol precipitation, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microjet extraction. High-performance liquid chromatography and column chromatography are also commonly used in the separation and purification of PCP. PCP has antitumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant effects. This paper provides an updated and deeper understanding of PCP, serving as a theoretical foundation for the further optimization of polysaccharide structures and the development of PCP as a novel functional material for clinical application.