Soil bacterial community characteristics and its effect on organic carbon under different fertilization treatments.

Introduction: By implementing small-scale and efficient fertilization techniques, it is possible to enhance the activity of microorganisms, thereby improving soil carbon sequestration and ecological value in agriculture. Methods: In this study, field experiments were conducted using various types of fertilizers: organic fertilizer, microbial fungal fertilizer, composite fertilizer, and an unfertilized control (CK). Additionally, different dosages of compound fertilizers were applied, including 0.5 times compound fertilizers, constant compound fertilizers, 1.5 times compound fertilizers and CK. Using advanced technologies such as Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, PICRUSt2 prediction, Anosim analysis, redundancy analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and correlation matrix, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and components, bacterial diversity, metabolic functions, and interaction mechanisms were examined in different fields. Results and Discussion: The results showed pronounced effects of various fertilization modes on SOC and the bacterial community, particularly in the topsoil layer (0-20 cm). Organic fertilizer treatments increased the richness and diversity of bacterial communities in the soil. However, conventional doses and excessive application of compound fertilizers reduced the diversity of soil bacterial communities and SOC content. Additionally, different fertilization treatments led to an increase in easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) contents. Interestingly, the relationship between SOC components and soil bacteria exhibited inconsistency. EOC was positively correlated with the bacterial diversity index. Additionally, Chloroflexi exhibited a negative correlation with both SOC and its components. The influence of metabolismon primary metabolic functions on the content of SOC components in the soil was more notable. It included seven types of tertiary functional metabolic pathways significantly correlated with SOC components (p < 0.05). Purpose and Significance: These findings enhance the understanding of the relative abundance of bacterial communities, particularly those related to the carbon cycle, by adjusting agricultural fertilization patterns. This adjustment serves as a reference for enhancing carbon sinks and reducing emissions in agricultural soils.

Comparing the effects of simple and refutational narratives in misinformation correction: The moderating roles of correction placement and issue involvement.

The study examines whether adding a refutational ending to narrative messages improves correction effectiveness and how the effect differs depending on whether the correction message is presented before or after exposure to misinformation. A 2 (narrative format: simple vs refutational narrative) × 2 (correction placement: prebunking vs debunking) between-subjects online experiment (N = 281) with US participants was conducted to correct misinformation about human papilloma virus vaccines. The results suggested that the refutational narrative was more effective in reducing misbeliefs in prebunking, whereas the simple narrative was more effective in debunking. This interaction was further moderated by issue involvement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Green Financial Reform and Corporate ESG Performance in China: Empirical Evidence from the Green Financial Reform and Innovation Pilot Zone.

Does the establishment of pilot zones for green finance reform and innovations in 2017 have an impact on the Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) scores of enterprises? This paper selects data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2014-2020 and uses the differences-in-differences (DID) model to analyze the impact of green financial reform on the ESG scores of enterprises. The study shows that the establishment of the Green Financial Reform and Innovation Pilot Zone (GFPZ) policy helps enterprises to obtain higher ESG scores through environmental, social and governance mechanisms. When ESG is measured using environmental, social and governance data, our results suggest that the contribution of green finance reforms to ESG scores is primarily driven by social responsibility scores. The adjustment effect analysis shows that for large enterprises in the GFPZ, the above effects have stronger influence, but there is no significant difference between heavily polluting and non-heavily polluting firms in the GFPZ. Expansive analysis shows that the improvement in ESG scores of enterprises in the GFPZ not only contributes to the green performance of enterprises, but also to their financial performance.

Crystal idioblasts are involved in the anther dehiscence of Nicotiana tabacum.

In Nicotiana tabacum, the degeneration of connective tissue and stomium tissue (the stomium and circular cell cluster [CCC]) is essential for anther dehiscence. Both connective cells and CCC cells are crystal idioblasts, and these cells will undergo degeneration after accumulating calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. However, detailed data concerning this process are minimal. Therefore, this study used cellular biological and physiological methods to illustrate this relationship. Results demonstrated that tobacco anther dehiscence is a series of timed programmed cell death (PCD) processes that include the CCC, connective tissue, and stomium. The degenerating crystal idioblasts of the tobacco anther were found to possess two hallmark characteristics that distinguished them from normal PCD cells, namely dynamic changes in CaOx crystals and the appearance of numerous peroxisomes. The accumulation of CaOx and the production of H2 O2 occurred simultaneously or successively before PCD. The peak H2 O2 content was found to appear after the insoluble oxalate. Further, CeCl3 cytochemistry staining was used to detect subcellular H2 O2 , and the precipitate of H2 O2 was primarily present in peroxisomes and around CaOx crystals. These results show that anther dehiscence in N. tabacum is a PCD process in which crystal idioblasts play a vital role in CaOx degradation and H2 O2 production.

Examining the Effects of Celebrity (Vs. Noncelebrity) Narratives on Opioid Addiction Prevention: Identification, Transportation, and the Moderating Role of Personal Relevance.

Celebrity disclosures and narratives are popular strategies in health promotion. However, less is known about their joint effects and the mechanisms through which they function. A 2 (narrative type: celebrity vs. layperson) x 2 (personal relevance: low vs. high) online experiment (N = 248) tested the impact of different narrative types in increasing awareness about prescription opioid abuse. Results indicated that a celebrity narrative is more persuasive than its layperson counterpart. Also, personal relevance toward opioid addiction moderated the influence of narrative type. Celebrity narratives evoked more positive attitudes toward opioid prevention and greater behavioral compliance intentions with the recommended action for low-relevance individuals. Transportation and identification mediated the effects of celebrity narratives on participants' issue attitudes and behavioral intentions, but only for low-relevance individuals. Practically, the data suggest that incorporating celebrities in health narratives about opioid addiction prevention facilitates behavioral compliance, especially for individuals to whom a pressing health issue like opioid misuse is currently of low relevance.

The complete chloroplast genome of the Buddleja alternifolia (Buddleiaceae), an ornamental plant.

Buddleja alternifolia is China's specialty, and scattered in northwest China. Here, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of B. alternifolia using Illumina sequencing data for the first time. The complete cp genome was 154,280 bp in length, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats of 25,440 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,330 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,070 bp. The genome encoded 115 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 31 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 complete cp genome sequences indicated that B. alternifolia is closely related to Buddleja colvilei.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Crenidorsum turpiniae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).

We determined the complete mitochondrial genomes of Crenidorsum turpiniae, a new record whitefly pest on tea-tree. The mitogenome of C. turpiniae is 15,427 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and a putative control region (GenBank: MN934936). The whole base composition of the heavy strand for A, C, G and T is 30%, 12.24%, 15.82% and 41.87%, respectively, with an AT bias (-16%). All PCGs use ATN as start codon (N, any nucleotide), except for NAD6 uses TTG. Most of the PCGs use TAA as a stop codon. The length of 16SrRNA and 12SrRNA gene are 1277 bp and 768 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. turpiniae and Tetraleurodes acaciae had a closer genetic relationship.

Exemplification and Stigmatization of the Depressed: Depression as the Main Topic versus an Incidental Topic in National US News Coverage.

To understand the associations between the use of exemplars and other communication themes known to contribute to the stigmatization of the depressed, we conducted a content analysis of news stories about depression in three national media outlets - CNN.com, The New York Times, and The Washington Post (N = 986). The study found exemplars were often used in the coverage of depression by national news outlets. Such use was associated with an increased presence of common stereotypes about the depressed as violent and suicidal regardless of whether depression was the main topic of the news stories. Exemplars appeared more often in stories providing biomedical and environmental explanations for the mental illness when depression was mentioned incidentally rather than as the main topic of the news coverage. As for the context, stories with exemplars appeared most often in the healthcare, and culture and celebrity contexts when depression was the main topic. When depression was mentioned incidentally rather than as the main topic, news stories with exemplars appeared most often in the culture and celebrity context. These combinations of context and exemplar use were all associated with less frequent presentations of violent stereotypes and a more frequent use of biomedical attributions, which seem to challenge the stigma associated with the mental illness depression.

The effects of health narratives: Examining the moderating role of persuasive intent.

Prior research has indicated that narratives are more persuasive than nonnarrative messages. One of the reasons for this effectiveness is that the narratives' intention to persuade is often not explicit, thus making them less likely to be disputed. The goal of this research is to examine the moderating role of persuasive intent in narrative persuasion. To do so, we conducted a 2 (Message format: narrative vs. nonnarrative messages) × 2 (Persuasive intent: intent vs. no intent) experiment with a factorial design among 205 participants on the effects of health narrative messages. Results indicated that persuasive intent undermined the effects of health narratives on persuasion by reducing believability and increasing reactance. Both believability and reactance partially mediated the effects of the narrative messages on attitudes and behavioral intention.

Stigma and Counter-Stigma Frames, Cues, and Exemplification: Comparing News Coverage of Depression in the English- and Spanish-Language Media in the U.S.

A content analysis was conducted to compare news coverage of depression in the English- and Spanish-language media in the United States (N = 355). The study revealed that the English-language media reported stereotypes more frequently than the Spanish-language news media. The presence of all four types of stereotypes (i.e., the mentally ill as violent, suicidal, incompetent, and weak) was associated with the increased use of the stigma frame in the English-language news media, while only the violence stereotype was associated with the increased use of the stigma frame in the Spanish-language news media. The presence of recovery information and positive emotions was associated with the increased use of the counter-stigma frame in both English- and Spanish-language news media. Furthermore, the study found that the use of exemplars was generally correlated with an increase in stereotypical coverage, particularly in English-language news media, but a decrease in educational information in both news media.

Framing genetically modified mosquitoes in the online news and Twitter: Intermedia frame setting in the issue-attention cycle.

We investigate how the online news and Twitter framed the discussion about genetically modified mosquitoes, and the interplay between the two media platforms. The study is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of intermedia agenda setting, framing, and the issue-attention cycle and combines methods of manual and computational content analysis, and time series analysis. The findings show that the Twitter discussion was more benefit-oriented, while the news coverage was more balanced. Initially, Twitter played a leading role in framing the discussion about genetically modified mosquitoes. When the public learned about the issue, online news gained momentum and led the Twitter publics to discuss the risks of genetically modified mosquitoes. Based on the findings, we argue that the intermedia frame setting may change its direction over time, and different media outlets may be influential in leading different aspects of the conversation.

Effects of thinning on scatter-hoarding by rodents in temperate forest.

Deforestation and thinning are human activities that can destabilize the forest ecological system and, consequently, impact significantly on habitat and behavior of forest-dwelling animals. This hypothesis was tested in Yugong in the Mount Taihangshan area by comparing the tracks of tagged seeds of Armeniaca sibirica. in sites of unthinned and thinned forests. Our results showed that: (i) the diversity of vegetation and rodents drastically reduced in sites with thinned forests, compared to unthinned sites; (ii) the amount of both removed and scatter-hoarded seeds significantly declined in sites with thinned forests, compared with the unthinned sites; (iii) there was no significant difference observed in the distance of seed dispersal between the thinned and unthinned areas; and (iv) the thinning did not show a significant change to the model of cache size. These results suggested that the thinning of forests negatively influenced the species richness and food-hoarding behavior of rodents. In addition, the results indicated that the weakened scattered-hoarding might be disadvantageous to seedling recruitment and forest restoration.

Discussing mental illness in Chinese social media: the impact of influential sources on stigmatization and support among their followers.

A content analysis was conducted to examine depression-related discourses by public opinion leaders and mainstream media in the Chinese social media platform Sina Weibo, as well as the impact of these discourses on their followers. The study revealed that stereotypical presentations of people with depression by influential sources often promoted stigmatization of or reduced support for depressed individuals among their followers. Environmental and genetic attributions for the disease in the original posts reduced stigmatization in the response posts. Information about recovery and treatment proved to be a double-edged sword, reducing stigmatization and support among followers at the same time. The use of a crime context to discuss depression in the original posts often promoted stigmatization, while discussing it in a health context increased support in the response posts.

Coping with a New Health Culture: Acculturation and Online Health Information Seeking Among Chinese Immigrants in the United States.

As a culturally diverse country, the U.S. hosts over 39 million immigrants who may experience various cultural and linguistic obstacles to receiving quality health care. Considering online sources an important alternative for immigrants to access health information, this study investigates how Chinese immigrants in the U.S. seek health information online. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Chinese immigrants who currently live in the U.S. to understand how acculturation strategies they use to adapt to the host society influence their Internet-based health information seeking behaviors. Our findings revealed that the language and web sources immigrants choose to use can be predicted by the acculturation strategies they utilize to cope with the new culture. This study serves as a timely and imperative call for further consideration of the role that acculturation plays in determining how immigrants seek health information and utilize the healthcare services of their host society.