Combining hierarchical drift-diffusion model and event-related potentials to reveal how do natural sounds nudge green product purchases.

Sound is one of the important environmental factors that influence individuals' decision-making. However, it is still unclear whether and how natural sounds nudge green product purchases. This study proposes an extension of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, suggesting that natural sounds increase early attentional congruency associated with green products, thereby promoting individuals' green product purchases. To test our theory, we conducted an experiment employing a hierarchical drift-diffusion model (HDDM) and utilized an event-related potentials (ERP) method. Results showed that natural sounds not only increased the purchase rate for green products but also enhanced drift rate in favor of purchasing green products. Additionally, consumers also exhibited a reduced frontal early P2 wave (150-230ms) in response to green products under natural sounds, indicating that natural sounds increased the early attentional congruency associated with green products. More importantly, neural correlates of early attentional congruency meditated the nudge effect of natural sounds on purchase rate and drift rate for green products. This study contributes to the neural understanding of how natural sounds influence green product purchases and provides actionable implications for market managers to design the green products sales environments.

Integrative genomics reveals the polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapevine.

Seedlessness is a crucial quality trait in table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) breeding. However, the development of seeds involved intricate regulations, and the polygenic basis of seed abortion remains unclear. Here, we combine comparative genomics, population genetics, quantitative genetics, and integrative genomics to unravel the evolution and polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapes. We generated the haplotype-resolved genomes for two seedless grape cultivars, "Thompson Seedless" (TS, syn. "Sultania") and "Black Monukka" (BM). Comparative genomics identified a ∼4.25 Mb hemizygous inversion on Chr10 specific in seedless cultivars, with seedless-associated genes VvTT16 and VvSUS2 located at breakpoints. Population genomic analyses of 548 grapevine accessions revealed two distinct clusters of seedless cultivars, and the identity-by-descent (IBD) results indicated that the origin of the seedlessness trait could be traced back to "Sultania." Introgression, rather than convergent selection, shaped the evolutionary history of seedlessness in grape improvement. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis identified 110 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with 634 candidate genes, including previously unidentified candidate genes, such as three 11S GLOBULIN SEED STORAGE PROTEIN and two CYTOCHROME P450 genes, and well-known genes like VviAGL11. Integrative genomic analyses resulted in 339 core candidate genes categorized into 13 functional categories related to seed development. Machine learning-based genomic selection achieved a remarkable prediction accuracy of 97% for seedlessness in grapevines. Our findings highlight the polygenic nature of seedlessness and provide candidate genes for molecular genetics and an effective prediction for seedlessness in grape genomic breeding.

TRIM35 Negatively Regulates the cGAS-STING-Mediated Signaling Pathway by Attenuating K63-Linked Ubiquitination of STING.

The cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral response plays an important role in the defense against DNA virus infection. Tripartite motif protein 35 (TRIM35), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was identified as a positive regulator of RLR-mediated antiviral signaling in our previous study, but the effect of TRIM35 on the cGAS-STING signaling pathway has not been elucidated. Herein, we showed that TRIM35 negatively regulates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway by directly targeting STING. TRIM35 overexpression significantly inhibited the cGAMP-triggered phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, attenuating IFN-ß expression and the downstream antiviral response. Mechanistically, TRIM35 colocalized and directly interacted with STING in the cytoplasm. TRM35 removed K63-linked ubiquitin from STING through the C36 and C44 sites in the RING domain, which impaired the interaction of STING with TBK1 or IKKε. In addition, we demonstrated that the RING domain is a key region for the antiviral effects of TIRM35. These results collectively indicate that TRIM35 negatively regulates type I interferon (IFN-I) production by targeting and deubiquitinating STING. TRIM35 may be a potential therapeutic target for controlling viral infection.

Spatial and temporal characteristic of PM2.5 and influence factors in the Yellow River Basin.

The Yellow River Basin has been instrumental in advancing ecological preservation and fostering national high-quality development. However, since the advent of China's reform and opening-up policies, the basin has faced severe environmental pollution issues. This study leverages remote sensing data from 1998 to 2019. As per the "Basin Scope and Its Historical Changes" published by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, the Yellow River Basin is categorized into upstream, midstream, and downstream regions for analysis of their spatial and temporal distribution traits using spatial autocorrelation methods. Additionally, we employed probes to study the effects of 10 factors, including mean surface temperature and air pressure, on PM2.5. The study findings reveal that (1) the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in the Yellow River Basin exhibited a fluctuating trend from 1998 to 2019, initially increasing, then decreasing, followed by another increase before ultimately declining. (2) The air quality in the Yellow River Basin is relatively poor, making it challenging for large-scale areas with low PM2.5 levels to occur. (3) The PM2.5 concentration in the Yellow River Basin exhibits distinct high and low-value concentration areas indicative of air pollution. Low-value areas are predominantly found in the sparsely populated central and southwestern plateau regions of Inner Mongolia, characterized by a better ecological environment. In contrast, high-value areas are prevalent in the inland areas of Northwest China, with poorer natural conditions, as well as densely populated zones with high energy demand and a relatively developed economy. (4) The overall population density in the Yellow River Basin, as well as in the upstream, midstream, and downstream regions, serves as a primary driving factor. (5) The primary drivers in the middle reaches and the entire Yellow River Basin remain consistent, whereas those in the upper and lower reaches have shifted. In the upstream, air pressure emerges as a primary driver of PM2.5, while in the downstream, NDVI and precipitation become the main influencing factors.

Role of canonical and noncanonical autophagy pathways in shaping the life journey of B cells.

Autophagy is a regulated intracellular catabolic process by which invading pathogens, damaged organelles, aggregated proteins, and other macromolecules are degraded in lysosomes. It has been widely appreciated that autophagic activity plays an important role in regulating the development, fate determination, and function of cells in the immune system, including B lymphocytes. Autophagy encompasses several distinct pathways that have been linked to B cell homeostasis and function. While B cell presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted cytosolic antigens to T cells involves both macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), plasma cells and memory B cells mainly rely on macroautophagy for their survival. Emerging evidence indicates that core autophagy factors also participate in processes related to yet clearly distinct from classical autophagy. These autophagy-related pathways, referred to as noncanonical autophagy or conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM), contribute to B cell homeostasis and functions, including MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation to T cells, germinal center formation, plasma cell differentiation, and recall responses. Dysregulation of B cell autophagy has been identified in several autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of canonical and noncanonical autophagy in B cells, including B cell development and maturation, antigen processing and presentation, pathogen-specific antibody responses, cytokine secretion, and autoimmunity. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical autophagy in B cells will improve our understanding of B cell biology, with implications for the development of autophagy-based immunotherapies.

Efficacy of cordycepin against Neospora caninum infection in vitro and in vivo.

Neospora caninum (N. caninum) is an obligate intracellular Apicomplexa parasite that causes abortions in dairy cows and incurs substantial to significant economic losses in the global dairy farming industry. Cordycepin, a nucleoside antibiotic derived from Chinese medicine Cordyceps militaries, exhibits diverse biological activities. However, it remains unclear whether cordycepin possesses inhibitory effects against N. caninum infection. Therefore, this study aimed to establish both in vivo and in vitro models of N. caninum to investigate the potential impact of cordycepin against N. caninum infection. We successfully established an in vitro model of N. caninum infection in RAW264.7 cells, followed by qRT- PCR analysis to detect the content of N. caninum DNA within the cells. The effects of cordycepin on N. caninum was observed using the Giemsa method on RAW264.7, and the rate of cell infection was calculated. Cordycepin exhibited inhibitory effects on N. caninum tachyzoites in vitro, preserving cellular integrity and reducing the rate of cell infection. In mice, we established an in vivo model of N. caninum infection and detected N. caninum presence in tissues using. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Histopathological changes were observed through Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Liver function was assessed by using glutamic acid aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartic acid aminotransferase (AST) kits. Oxidative stress status was measured using catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) kits. Compared with the model group, mice treated with cordycepin showed reduced clinical symptoms, increased food intake, and their body weight (P=0.0143, P=0.0068) was significantly higher than those in the model group. Furthermore, cordycepin treatment significantly alleviated hepatic cord disorders, hepatocellular swelling, detachment, and vacuolization; duodenal epithelial detachment and shortening of villi caused by N. caninum infection. Cordycepin administration reduced the increase in ALT (P=0.01, P=0.008) and AST (P<0.001) levels caused by N. caninum infection, while ameliorating hepatocyte swelling, necrosis, and detachment as well as inflammatory cell infiltration within mice liver; it also led to shortened or even disappeared duodenal villi along with and oedema of the submucosa. Analysis of oxidative stress showed that cordycepin ameliorated the damage caused by N. caninum by reducing MDA (P=0.03, P=0.02, P=0.005) and increasing CAT (P=0.004, P<0.001) and GSH (P=0.004, P<0.001) levels. In conclusion, this study reports for the first time on cordycepin's efficacy against N. caninum infection providing a potential candidate drug for neosporosis treatment.

Linderangolides A-D, four new butanolides from the roots of Lindera angustifolia and their cytotoxic activity.

Four undescribed butanolides, linderangolides A-D (1-4), along with four known congeners, lincomolide A (5), (-)-epilitsenolide C2 (6), (-)-epilitsenolide C1 (7) and litseakolide H (8), were isolated from the roots of Lindera angustifolia. The planar structures of 1-4 were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, the relative and absolute configurations of 1-4 were determined by the NOESY spectra and the comparison of calculated and experimental ECD. The cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds were tested, 4 showed inhibitory activity against SGC-7 cells with IC50 value of 6.62 µM.

Prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk Factor in US Adolescents.

CONTEXT: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is widespread worldwide, and a strong link between MASLD and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) was emphasized. OBJECTIVE: This study characterized the prevalence of MASLD in adolescent population and overlapping CMRFs conditions in MASLD. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of US adolescents aged 12--19 years in the 2017-2020 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The relationship between CMRFs and liver steatosis, evaluated by the median controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), was assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of MASLD in adolescents was 23.77%. Isolated overweight/obesity (35%) was the top CMRF. Non-Hispanic Black patients had the highest proportion of overweight/obesity plus elevated glucose (24%), while non-Hispanic Asian had the highest burden of dyslipidemia (2%, 14%, and 19%). Except hypertension, overweight/obesity (ß=48.7; 95% CI, 43.4-54.0), hypertriglyceridemia (ß=15.5; 95% CI, 7.2-28.3), low HDL-C (ß=10.0; 95% CI, 3.1-16.9), elevated glucose (ß=6.9; 95% CI, 0.6-13.2) were all significantly associated with increased CAP values. Increased CAP was linked to the synergistic interactions between overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia or elevated glucose (overweight/obesity and elevated glucose: RERI=8.21, AP=0.45, SI=1.91; overweight/obesity and hypertriglyceridemia: RERI=19.00, AP=0.69, SI=3.53; overweight/obesity and low HDL-C: RERI=10.83, AP=0.58, SI=2.61). Adolescents with combination of overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia (ß=15.1; 95% CI, 0.1-30.2) and combination of overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia and elevated glucose (ß=48.0; 95% CI, 23.3-72.6) had a significantly higher CAP values. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MASLD was alarmingly high in adolescents, and overweight/obesity was the most important CMRF. Overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia or elevated glucose had positive additive interaction effects on liver steatosis.

Reexamining the Kuleshov effect: Behavioral and neural evidence from authentic film experiments.

Film cognition explores the influence of cinematic elements, such as editing and film color, on viewers' perception. The Kuleshov effect, a famous example of how editing influences viewers' emotional perception, was initially proposed to support montage theory through the Kuleshov experiment. This effect, which has since been recognized as a manifestation of point-of-view (POV) editing practices, posits that the emotional interpretation of neutral facial expressions is influenced by the accompanying emotional scene in a face-scene-face sequence. However, concerns persist regarding the validity of previous studies, often employing inauthentic film materials like static images, leaving the question of its existence in authentic films unanswered. This study addresses these concerns by utilizing authentic films in two experiments. In Experiment 1, multiple film clips were captured under the guidance of a professional film director and seamlessly integrated into authentic film sequences. 59 participants viewed these face-scene-face film sequences and were tasked with rating the valence and emotional intensity of neutral faces. The findings revealed that the accompanying fearful or happy scenes significantly influence the interpretation of emotion on neutral faces, eliciting perceptions of negative or positive emotions from the neutral face. These results affirm the existence of the Kuleshov effect within authentic films. In Experiment 2, 31 participants rated the valence and arousal of neutral faces while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The behavioral results confirm the Kuleshov effect in the MRI scanner, while the neural data identify neural correlates that support its existence at the neural level. These correlates include the cuneus, precuneus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, post cingulate gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and insula. These findings also underscore the contextual framing inherent in the Kuleshov effect. Overall, the study integrates film theory and cognitive neuroscience experiments, providing robust evidence supporting the existence of the Kuleshov effect through both subjective ratings and objective neuroimaging measurements. This research also contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of film editing on viewers' emotional perception from the contemporary POV editing practices and neurocinematic perspective, advancing the knowledge of film cognition.

Exploring the interconnections of anxiety, depression, sleep problems and health-promoting lifestyles among Chinese university students: a comprehensive network approach.

Background: Anxiety, depression, and sleep problems are prevalent comorbid mental disorders among university students. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasized a mental health promotion objective, recommending the consideration of protective health-promoting factors in strategies aimed at preventing mental disorders. Integrating theoretically significant constructs (such as protective factors) enhances our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms that underpin mental disorders. This study employed network analysis to first identify core and bridge symptoms within comorbid mental disorders and then explore how health-promoting lifestyles (HPLs) were associated with these disorders. The ultimate goal is to offer health promotion recommendations to enhance students' quality of life. Methods: A total of 3,896 qualified university students participated in this study. Anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and HPLs were assessed using the GAD-7, PHQ-9, PSQI, and HPLP-II scales. A Gaussian Graphical Model was used to construct the networks. The Network Comparison Test was applied to determine whether the associations between HPLs and comorbid symptoms vary by gender, educational level, family sibling, and mental health status. Results: Low energy (PHQ4) had the highest strength centrality, followed by Daytime dysfunction (PSQI7) and Trouble relaxing (GAD4). Five bridge symptoms were identified: Daytime dysfunction (PSQI7), Self-harm even suicide (PHQ9), Sad mood (PHQ2), Low energy (PHQ4), and Feeling afraid (GAD7). Regarding protective HPLs, Physical activity, Spiritual growth, and Stress management generally emerged as the top three central mental health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion: Targeting core and bridge symptoms with timely and appropriate interventions can alleviate anxiety, depression, and sleep problems in this population. Moreover, promoting physical activity, fostering spiritual growth, and managing stress are likely to significantly enhance the overall mental health of university students.

Multi-stage 3D-printed guide for precise restoration of severely inclined teeth based on target restorative space guidance: a case report.

In clinical dentistry, addressing unique conditions such as tilted, elongated, and torsion teeth during preparation can be effectively managed through digital tooth morphology design. The production of a multi-stage 3D-printed guide offered a more efficient and accurate solution. This article presented a case of significant inclination, elongation, and torsion in the maxillary and mandibular canines that were successfully treated using crown restoration modification. A crown preparation guide was fabricated based on the final form design of the restoration using the target restorative space analysis technique to ensure precise tooth preparation. A tooth preparation guide was also designed and utilized further to enhance accuracy and efficiency during complex tooth preparation. The combined application of these multi-stage guides demonstrated promising clinical prospects.

Neural Manifold Constraint for Spike Prediction Models Under Behavioral Reinforcement.

Spike prediction models effectively predict downstream spike trains from upstream neural activity for neural prostheses. Such prostheses could potentially restore damaged neural communication pathways using predicted patterns to guide electrical stimulations on downstream. Since the ground truth of downstream neural activity is unavailable for subjects with the damage, reinforcement learning (RL) with behavior-level rewards becomes necessary for model training. However, existing models do not involve any constraint on the generated firing patterns and neglect the correlations among neural activities. Thus, the model outputs can greatly deviate from the natural range of neural activities, causing concerns for clinical usage. This study proposes the neural manifold constraint to solve this problem, shaping RL-generated spike trains in the feature space. The constraint terms describe the first and second order statistics of the neural manifold estimated from neural recordings during subjects' freely moving period. Then, the models can be optimized within the neural manifold by behavioral reinforcement. We test the method to predict primary motor cortex (M1) spikes from medial prefrontal (mPFC) spikes when rats perform the two-lever discrimination task. Results show that the neural activity generated by constrained models resembles the real M1 recordings. Compared with models without constraints, our approach achieves similar behavioral success rates, but reduces the mean squared error of neural firing by 61%. The constraints also increase the model's robustness across data segments and induce realistic neural correlations. Our method provides a promising tool to restore transregional communication with high behavioral performance and more realistic microscopic patterns.

Single-cell profiling reveals altered immune landscape and impaired NK cell function in gastric cancer liver metastasis.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a substantial global health concern, and the development of liver metastasis (LM) in GC represents a critical stage linked to unfavorable patient prognoses. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the immune landscape of GC liver metastasis, revealing several immuno-suppressive components within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). Our findings unveiled an increased presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like macrophages, tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like macrophages, and naive T cells, while conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and effector CD8 T cells declined in LM. Additionally, we identified two distinct natural killer (NK) cell clusters exhibiting differential cytotoxicity-related gene expression, with cytotoxic NK cells notably reduced in LM. Strikingly, TGFß was identified as an inducer of NK cell dysfunction, potentially contributing to immune evasion and tumor metastasis. In preclinical LM models, the combined approach of inhibiting TGFß and transferring NK cells exhibited a synergistic impact, resulting in a significant reduction in liver metastasis. This work highlights the importance of understanding the complex immune dynamics within GC liver metastasis and presents a promising strategy combining TGFß inhibition and NK-based immunotherapy to improve patient outcomes.

Bacteriocins in Cancer Treatment: Mechanisms and Clinical Potentials.

Cancer poses a severe threat to human health. Although conventional chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment, its significant side effects and the growing issue of drug resistance necessitate the urgent search for more efficient and less toxic anticancer drugs. In recent years, bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides of microbial origin, have garnered significant attention due to their targeted antitumor activity. This unique activity is mainly attributed to their cationic and amphiphilic nature, which enables bacteriocins to specifically kill tumor cells without harming normal cells. When involving non-membrane-disrupting mechanisms, such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle blockade, and metastasis inhibition, the core mechanism of action is achieved by disrupting cell membranes, which endows bacteriocins with low drug resistance and high selectivity. However, the susceptibility of bacteriocins to hydrolysis and hemolysis in vivo limits their clinical application. To overcome these challenges, structural optimization of bacteriocins or their combination with nanotechnology is proposed for future development. This review aims to study the mechanism of action and current research status of bacteriocins as anticancer treatments, thus providing new insights for their clinical development and application.

Advances in CAR-NK cell therapy for hematological malignancies.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, demonstrably improving patient outcomes and prognosis. However, its application has introduced new challenges, such as safety concerns, off-target toxicities, and significant costs. Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial components of the innate immune system, capable of eliminating tumor cells without prior exposure to specific antigens or pre-activation. This inherent advantage complements the limitations of T cells, making CAR-NK cell therapy a promising avenue for hematological tumor immunotherapy. In recent years, preclinical and clinical studies have yielded preliminary evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of CAR-NK cell therapy in hematological malignancies, paving the way for future advancements in immunotherapy. This review aims to succinctly discuss the characteristics, significant therapeutic progress, and potential challenges associated with CAR-NK cell therapy.

Soft tissue inflammation around upper third molar cause limited mouth opening: common but overlooked.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore inflammation of soft tissue around the upper third molar as a prevalent cause of limited mouth opening, identify the clinical and radiographic features, and summarize the therapeutic effectiveness of tooth extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from 264 patients with limited mouth opening over the last five years was performed. RESULTS: Among the 264 patients, 24 (9.1%) had inflammation of the soft tissue around the upper third molar, which was the second most common cause of limited mouth opening. Twenty-one of the twenty-four affected patients, with an average mouth opening of 19.1 ± 7.6 mm, underwent upper third molar extraction. Gingival tenderness around the upper third molar or maxillary tuberosity mucosa was a characteristic clinical manifestation (p < 0.05). The characteristic features on maxillofacial CT included soft tissue swelling around the upper third molar and gap narrowing between the maxillary nodules and the mandibular ascending branch. Post extraction, the average mouth opening increased to 31.4 ± 4.9 mm (p < 0.05), and follow-up CT demonstrated regression of the inflammatory soft tissue around the upper third molar. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation of soft tissue around the upper third molar is a common cause of limited mouth opening. Symptoms of pain associated with the upper third molar and distinctive findings on enhanced maxillofacial CT scans are crucial for diagnosis. Upper third molar extraction yields favorable therapeutic outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Inflammation of the soft tissue around the maxillary third molar commonly causes limited mouth opening, but this phenomenon has long been overlooked. Clarifying this etiology can reduce the number of misdiagnosed patients with restricted mouth opening and enable more efficient treatment for patients.

Revolutionizing Senescence Detection: Advancements from Traditional Methods to Cutting-Edge Techniques.

The accumulation of senescent cells is an important factor in the complex progression of aging, with significant implications for the development of numerous diseases. Thus, understanding the fundamental mechanisms of senescence is paramount for advancing preventive and therapeutic approaches to age-related conditions. Important to this pursuit is the precise identification and examination of senescent cells, contingent upon the recognition of specific biomarkers. Historically, detection methods relied on assessing molecular protein and mRNA levels and various staining techniques. While these conventional approaches have contributed substantially to the field, they possess limitations in capturing the dynamic evolution of cellular aging in real time. The emergence of novel technologies has led to a paradigm shift in senescence research. Gene-edited mouse models and the application of advanced probes have revolutionized our ability to detect senescent cells. These cutting-edge methodologies provide a more detailed and accurate means of dynamically monitoring, characterizing and potentially eliminating senescent cells, thus enhancing our understanding of the complex mechanisms of aging. This review comprehensively explores both traditional and innovative senescent cell detection methods, elucidating their advantages, limitations and implications for future investigations and could serve as a comprehensive guide and catalyst for further advancements in the understanding of aging and associated pathologies.

Childhood trauma, psychache, and depression among university students: a moderated mediation model.

Background: Childhood trauma is a potential threat to depression and can have a lifelong impact on the mental health of university students. Our study aimed to construct a moderated mediation model to explore the relationship between childhood trauma, psychache, ambivalence over emotional expression, physical activity, and depression in university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three universities in China, recruiting 476 university students using self-report questionnaires. The moderated mediation model was examined using the SPSS PROCESS model 21. Results: Ambivalence over emotional expression (F=12.843), childhood trauma (F=117.639), and psychache (F=581.594) all had a significant positive effect on depression (p<0.001), explaining 2.9%, 21.7%, and 56.8% of the variance, respectively. On the chain of influence between childhood trauma and depression, the mediating effect of psychache, the moderating effect of ambivalence over emotional expression, and the moderating effect of physical activity are all significant the overall indirect effect value of the three is 0.287, accounting for 61.59% of the total effect. Conclusion: This study investigated the relationship between childhood trauma, ambivalence over emotional expression, psychache, physical activity, and depression in university students. Future interventions should focus on developing good emotional expression among university students, increasing opportunities for physical activity, and reducing psychache to reduce depression.

Left atrial and ventricular longitudinal strain by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking improves prognostic stratification of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

We aimed to investigate the predictive value of left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) longitudinal strain derived by CMR-FT early after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Patients with STEMI who received pPCI and completed CMR within the following week were enrolled. LA and LV longitudinal strain parameters were derived from cine CMR by FT; conventional CMR indexes were also performed. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE), defined as a composite of death, reinfarction, and congestive heart failure (HF). 276 participants (median age, 57 years, IQR, 48-66 years; 85% men) were included in this study. CMR was usually completed on the 5 (IQR,4-7) days after pPCI. During a median follow-up of 16 months, MACE occurred in 35 (12.7%) participants. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that LA conduit strain (HR 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.98, p = 0.013) and LV global longitudinal strain (HR 1.17, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.34, p = 0.016) remained independently associated with MACE. Participants with impaired LA conduit strain (≤ 12.8%) and LV global longitudinal strain (> -13.1%) had a higher risk of MACE than those with preserved. Longitudinal strain of LA and LV could provide independent prognostic information in STEMI patients, and comprehensive assessment of Left atrial and ventricular longitudinal strain significantly improved the prognosis.

Acute kidney injury and cardiogenic shock severity for mortality risk stratification in patients supported with VA ECMO.

AIMS: To assess the stage of acute kidney injury (AKI), as an index of organ perfusion, combined with shock severity, measured by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) shock stage classification, to stratify the risk of mortality in patients diagnosed with cardiogenic shock (CS) and supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). METHODS ANS RESULTS: From January 2018 to December 2020, consecutive adult patients diagnosed with CS and received VA ECMO were retrospectively evaluated. The highest AKI stage within 48 h after ECMO initiation was assessed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. We included 216 patients with a mean age of 58.8 years and 31.0% were females. 88.4% of patients received ECMO for postcardiotomy, while 11.6% for medical CS. The total in-hospital mortality was 53.2%. AKI occurred in 182 (84.3%) patients receiving ECMO for CS. AKI stage 0, 1, 2, and 3 were present in 15.7%, 17.6%, 18.1%, and 48.6% of patients with in-hospital mortality of 26.5%, 26.3%, 61.5%, and 68.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). The AKI stage (P < 0.001), SCAI shock stage before ECMO (P = 0.008), and NYHA ≥ Class III on admission (P = 0.044) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.754 (95% confidence interval: 0.690 to 0.811) for AKI stage combined with SCAI shock stage was better than those for AKI stage (0.676), SCAI shock stage (0.657), serum lactate level (0.682), SOFA score (0.644), SVAE score (0.582), and VIS score (0.530) prior to ECMO. CONCLUSIONS: In this single-center CS population who received VA ECMO for circulatory support, predominantly postcardiotomy cases, AKI occurred in 84.3% of the patients. AKI stage, as an index of organ perfusion combined with shock severity measured by the SCAI shock classification, demonstrates a good correlation with in-hospital mortality.