Description of Pseudomarimonas salicorniae sp. nov., Isolated from Salicornia herbacea L. in the Tidal Flat of the Yellow Sea.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, designated strain CAU 1642 T, was isolated from a Salicornia herbacea collected from a tidal flat in the Yellow Sea. Strain CAU 1642 T grew optimally at pH 8.0 and 30 °C. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was 97.25%, with Pseudomarinomonas arenosa CAU 1598 T, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain CAU 1642 T belongs to the genus Pseudomarinomonas. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16:0). Ubiquinone-8 was the major respiratory quinone. The draft genome of strain CAU 1642 T was 4.5 Mb, with 68.7 mol% of G + C content. The phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analysis data reveal strain CAU 1642 T to be of a novel genus in the family Lysobacteraceae, with the proposed name Pseudomarinomonas salicorniae sp. nov. with type strain CAU 1642 T (= KCTC 92084 T = MCCC 1K07085T).

Aquibaculum arenosum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Rhodovibrionaceae, isolated from sea sand.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, and creamy-white coloured bacterium, designated CAU 1616T, was isolated from sea sand collected at Ayajin Beach, Goseong-gun, Republic of Korea. The bacterium was found to grow optimally at 37 °C, pH 8.0-8.5, and with 1-5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain CAU 1616T within the order Rhodospirillales. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was to Fodinicurvata fenggangensis YIM D812T (94.1 %), Fodinicurvata sediminis YIM D82T (93.7 %), Fodinicurvata halophila BA45ALT (93.6 %) and Algihabitans albus HHTR 118T (92.3 %). Comparing strain CAU 1616T with closely related species (Fodinicurvata fenggangensis YIM D812T and Fodinicurvata sediminis YIM D82T), the average nucleotide identity based on blast+ values were 69.7-69.8 %, the average amino acid identity values were 61.3-61.4 %, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 18.4-18.5 %. The assembled draft genome of strain CAU 1616T had 29 contigs with an N50 value of 385.8 kbp, a total length of 3 490 371 bp, and a DNA G+C content of 65.1 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1 2-OH, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain CAU 1616T represents a novel genus in the family Rhodovibrionaceae, for which the name Aquibaculum arenosum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1616T (=KCTC 82428T=MCCC 1K06089T).

Description of Roseibium sediminicola sp. nov. Isolated from Sediment of a Tidal Flat on the Yellow Sea Coast.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, flagellated bacterial strain, designated as CAU 1639T, was isolated from the tidal flat sediment on the Yellow Sea in the Republic of Korea. Growth of the isolate was observed at 20-37 °C, at pH 5.0-10.5 and with 0-7% (w/v) NaCl. The genomic DNA G + C content was 60.8%. Phylogenetic analysis, grounded on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealed that strain CAU 1639T was closely related to species within the genus Roseibium. It shared the highest similarity with Roseibium album CECT 5095T, followed by Roseibium aggregatum IAM 12614T and Roseibium salinum Cs25T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity ranging from 98.0-98.4%. It was observed that the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values ranged between 72.5-79.5 and 20.0-22.9%, respectively. The polyphasic taxonomic analysis reveals that strain CAU 1639T represents a novel species in the genus Roseibium with the proposed name Roseibium sediminicola sp. nov. The type strain is CAU 1639T (= KCTC 82430T = MCCC 1K06081T).

Description of Mycolicibacterium arenosum sp. nov. Isolated from Coastal Sand on the Yellow Sea Coast.

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium was isolated from coastal sand samples from Incheon in the Republic of Korea and designated as strain CAU 1645T. The optimum conditions for growth were observed at 30 °C in growth media containing 1% (w/v) NaCl at pH 9.0. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9 and the major fatty acids were C16:0, C17:1 w7c, and summed feature 7. Similarly, the 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited the highest similarity with Mycolicibacterium bacteremicum DSM 45578T and Mycolicibacterium neoaurum JCM 6365T, both of which exhibited similarity rates of 97.2%. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.2%. The whole genome of strain CAU 1645T was obtained and annotated with annotation using RAST server. The pan-genome analysis was determined using Prokka, Roary, and Phandango. In the pan-genome analysis, the strain CAU 1645T shared 40 core genes with closely related Mycolicibacterium species, including the AcpM gene, the meromycolate extension acyl carrier protein involved in forming impermeable cell walls in mycobacteria. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Mycolicibacterium, for which we propose the name Mycolicibacterium arenosum sp. nov. The type strain is CAU 1645T (= KCTC 49724T = MCCC 1K07087T).

Gracilimonas sediminicola sp. nov., a moderately halotolerant bacterium isolated from seaweed sediment collected in the East Sea, Republic of Korea.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain CAU 1638T, was isolated from seaweed sediment collected in the Republic of Korea. The cells of strain CAU 1638T grew at 25-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-7.0 (optimum, pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0-10% NaCl (optimum, 2 %). The cells were positive for catalase and oxidase and did not hydrolyse starch and casein. Strain CAU 1638T was most closely related to Gracilimonas amylolytica KCTC 52885T (97.7 %), followed by Gracilimonas halophila KCTC 52042T (97.4 %), Gracilimonas rosea KCCM 90206T (97.2 %), Gracilimonas tropica KCCM 90063T and Gracilimonas mengyeensis DSM 21985T (97.1 %), as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone, and iso-C15  : 0 and C15  : 1 ω6c were the major fatty acids. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified lipids, two unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified phospholipids. The G+C content of the genome was 44.2 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CAU 1638T and the reference strains were 73.1-73.9 % and 18.9-21.5  %, respectively. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain CAU 1638T represents a novel species of the genus Gracilimonas, for which the name Gracilimonas sediminicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1638T (=KCTC 82454T=MCCC 1K06087T).

Muricauda lutisoli sp. nov., isolated from mudflat.

A Gram-negative, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CAU 1631T, was isolated from a mudflat sample in the Republic of Korea. Strain CAU 1631T grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 6.5, and 1% (w/v) NaCl solution. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 92 core genes indicated that strain CAU 1631T is a member of the genus Muricauda and most closely related to Muricauda oceanensis 40DY170T and Muricauda lutimaris SMK-108T (98.1%, both). The draft genome was 3.4 Mb with 3064 protein-coding genes, and the DNA G + C content was 43.3 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, and iso-C15:0 G, and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6. Based on the comprehensive taxonomic characterization, strain CAU 1631T is a novel species, for which the name Muricauda lutisoli sp. nov. has been proposed. The type strain is CAU 1631T (= KCTC 82456T = MCCC 1K06088T).

Zhongshania aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain CAU 1632T was isolated from a seawater sample collected in the Republic of Korea. The cells of strain CAU 1632T grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0 in 0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CAU 1632T formed a tight phyletic lineage with Zhongshania antarctica ZS-23T, Zhongshania borealis CL-AS9T, Zhongshania marina DSW25-10T, Zhongshania guokunii ZS6-22T, 'Zhongshania ponticola GM-8T', Zhongshania aliphaticivorans SM-2T and shared a high similarity between 97.2% and 97.7%. The whole genome of strain CAU 1632T was 4.3-Mb with 3,780 protein-coding genes, 12 contigs, and a DNA G+C content of 49.4 mol%. The major fatty acids of strain CAU 1632T were C17:1 ω8c, C19:1 ω6c and/or C19:0 cyclo ω10c (summed feature 3), and C18:1 ω6c and/or C18:1 ω7c (summed feature 8). Q-8 was the only respiratory quinone. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two aminophospholipids, and two phospholipids. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analyses, strain CAU 1632T represents a novel species within the genus Zhongshania, for which the name Zhongshania aquimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1632T (= KCTC 82432T = MCCC 1K06086T).

Halomarinibacterium sedimenti gen. nov., sp. nov., a carotenoid pigment-producing bacterium isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain CAU 1614T was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected in the Republic of Korea. Optimal growth of strain CAU 1614T proceeded at 30 °C, pH 7.0, and 2% (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene similarity was lower than 94.5% with genera Aureisphaera, Marinirhabdus, Aureitalea, Gilvibacter, Ulvibacter, and Jejudonia. The highest similarity was with Aureisphaera galaxeae 04OKA003-7T (94.5%). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:1 G, iso-C16:0 3-OH, and iso-C17:0 3-OH and the predominant menaquinone was MK-6. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified lipid, two unidentified aminolipids, and an unidentified glycolipid. The draft genome of strain CAU 1614T was 3.9 Mb and DNA G+C content was 36.0 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic data, strain CAU 1614T presents a novel genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Halomarinibacterium sedimenti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1614T (= KCTC 82457T = MCCC 1K06083T).

Thalassococcus arenae sp. nov. isolated from sea sand.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CAU 1522T, was isolated from a sea sand sample collected from the Republic of Korea. Optimal growth of strain CAU 1522T ensued at 30 °C, pH 7.5, and 1.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain CAU 1522T was affiliated to the genus Thalassococcus with high similarity to T. lentus KCTC 32084T (97.5%), T. profundi MCCC 1K03253T (96.5%), and T. halodurans JCM 13833T (96.1%) according to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The whole genome of strain CAU 1522T was 3.7 Mb in length and included 7 contigs and 3599 protein-coding genes, with a G + C content of 65.4 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C18:1 ω6c and/or C18:1 ω7c (summed feature 8), with Q-10 being the sole isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipids included phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, and an unidentified lipid. These phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data support that strain CAU 1522T is a novel Thalassococcus species, for which the name T. arenae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1522T (= KCTC 72545T = MCCC 1K04064T).

Marinobacterium arenosum sp. nov., isolated from a coastal sand.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CAU 1594T, was isolated from a coastal sand sample collected in the Republic of Korea. Cells of strain CAU 1594T grew best at 30 °C, pH 7.5, and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, indicated that strain CAU 1594T was affiliated with the genus Marinobacterium and most similar to Marinobacterium jannaschii ATCC 27135T (95.1%) and Marinobacterium stanieri ATCC 27130T (94.9%). The whole genome of strain CAU 1594T was 4,917,683 bp, including 4,188 CDSs, with a 60.4 mol% G + C content. Based on draft genome sequences, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain CAU 1594T were within the ranges of 71.9-73.1% and 20.0-2.1%, respectively, compared to reference strains. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major fatty acids were C16:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and C16:1 ω7c), and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c and C18:1 ω7c). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on these results, strain CAU 1594T represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacterium, for which the name Marinobacterium arenosum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1594T (=KCTC 82405T=MCCC 1K05672T).

Sneathiella sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A novel bacterium, designated CAU 1612T, was isolated from coastal sediment sampled in the Republic of Korea. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and motile. Optimum growth occurred at 30 °C, at pH 7.0 and with 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain CAU 1612T belonged to the genus Sneathiella and showed highest similarity to 'Sneathiella litorea' JCM 33810T (98.5 %), followed by Sneathiella chungangensis KCTC 32476T (97.7 %), Sneathiella aquimaris KCTC 12842T (96.0 %), Sneathiella chinensis LMG 23452T (95.5 %), Sneathiella limimaris KCTC 52846T (95.5 %) and Sneathiella glossodoripedis KCTC 12842T (95.4 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain CAU 1612T were estimated to be 68.5-81.7 % and ≤23.7 %, respectively, to members of the genus Sneathiella. The DNA G+C content was 54.1 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16:0, C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The major menaquinone was Q-10 and the predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. On the basis of taxonomic evidence, strain CAU 1612T represents a novel species, for which the name Sneathiella sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1612T (=KCTC 82427T=MCCC 1K06082T).

Arenibacterium arenosum sp. nov., isolated from sea sand.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, short rod-shaped aerobic bacterial strain CAU 1593T was isolated from a coastal sand sample collected in the Republic of Korea. Cells of strain CAU 1593T grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5 in 4% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CAU 1593T had the highest similarity to Arenibacterium halophilum (97.5%). The whole genome of strain CAU 1593T was 3,979,826 bp with 26 contigs, and the DNA G + C content was 64.3 mol%. The major fatty acid of strain CAU 1593 T was summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c). Q-10 was the only respiratory quinone. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two phosphoglycolipids, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unidentified lipid. Based on the results of chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic analyses, strain CAU 1593T represents a novel species in the genus Arenibacterium, which is named Arenibacterium arenosum sp. nov. The type strain is CAU 1593T (= KCTC 82402T = MCCC 1K05671T).

Marinobacter arenosus sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from a tidal flat.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain CAU 1620T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in Incheon, Republic of Korea. Strain CAU 1620T grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 8.0 in the presence of 6.0% (w/v) NaCl. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain CAU 1620T showed the highest similarity to Marinobacter adhaerens DSM 23420T (98.5%), followed by Marinobacter algicola DSM 16394T (98.3%) and Marinobacter maroccanus LMG 30465T (98.2%). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation values between strain CAU 1620T and related strains were estimated as 75.6-78.1% and 19.5-20.9%, respectively. The DNA G + C content based on the draft genome sequence was 59.2%, and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-9. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C12:0, C16:0, C18:1 ω9c, and C12:0 3OH. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. According to phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain CAU 1620T represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter arenosus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1620T (= KCTC 82431T = MCCC 1K06079T).

Paenibacillus arenosi sp. nov., a siderophore-producing bacterium isolated from coastal sediment.

In this study, strain CAU 1523T, a novel Gram-positive-positive bacterium isolated from marine sediment collected from the coast of Busan, Republic of Korea, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. This strain showed growth at a temperature range of 20-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), a pH range of 6.5-9.5 (optimum, 7.5), and in the presence of 0-3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and 92 concatenated core genes indicated that CAU 1523T belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, sharing the highest sequence similarity with P. assamensis JCM 13186T (98.0%). CAU 1523T was differentiated from other Paenibacillus species by average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values, using cut-off values of 95-96%, 90%, and 70%, respectively, for closely related strains. The genome of CAU 1523T possessed various biosynthetic gene clusters, one of which encoded a putative siderophore-interacting protein. Siderophore production by the isolate was confirmed using the qualitative chrome azurol sulfonate (CAS) agar assay. Based on its phylogenetic and physiological characteristics, strain CAU 1523T represents a novel, siderophore-producing species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus arenosi sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain CAU 1523T (= KCTC 43108T = MCCC 1K04063T).

Pseudomarimonas arenosa gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from marine sand.

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, bacterial strain (CAU 1598T) was isolated from marine sand. Strain CAU 1598T grew well at 30 °C, pH 6.5-7.0 and with 3 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogeny results based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the identified strain had the highest similarity (94.3%) to Pseudoxanthomonas putridarboris, indicating that strain CAU 1598T belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae. Further, the fatty acid profile of the strain was primarily composed of C16:0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (consisting of C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and summed feature 9 (consisting of iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), with ubiquinone-8 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The G+C content of the bacterial genome was 62.6 mol% and its 5.4 Mb length encompassed 144 contigs and 4236 protein-coding genes. These phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data indicate that CAU 1598T belongs to a new genus and species, for which the name Pseudomarimonas arenosa gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1598T (=KCTC 82406T=MCCC 1K05673T).

Roseibium limicola sp. nov., isolated from tidal mudflat.

A novel bacterium, designated strain CAU 1637T, was isolated from a tidal mudflat. Cells of strain CAU 1637T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile with single flagellum and rod-shaped. The optimum conditions for growth were observed at 30 °C, pH 6.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 1637T was closely related to the genus Roseibium, with the highest similarity to Roseibium aestuarii NRBC 112946T (97.4 %), followed by Roseibium hamelinense NRBC 16783T (96.8 %), Roseibium aquae JCM 19310T (96.4 %), Roseibium sediminis KCTC 52373T (95.8 %) and Roseibium denhamense JCM 10543T (95.3 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The average nucleotide identity values between the novel isolate and related strains ranged from 71.0 to 76.4 %, and the DNA-DNA hybridization values ranged from 19.3 to 20.3 %. The G+C content was 58.4 mol% and the whole-genome size was 4.6 Mb, which included 17 contigs and 3931 protein-coding genes. Based on the taxonomic data, strain CAU 1637T represents a novel species of the genus Roseibium, for which the name Roseibium limicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1637T (=KCTC 82429T=MCCC 1K06080T).

Photobacterium arenosum sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment sand.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, short rod-shaped, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive bacterium, strain CAU 1568T, was isolated from marine sediment sand sampled at Sido Island in the Republic of Korea. The optimum conditions for growth were at 25-30 °C, at pH 6.5-8.5 and with 0-4.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CAU 1568T was a member of the genus Photobacterium with high similarity to Photobacterium salinisoli JCM 30852T (97.7 %), Photobacterium halotolerans KACC 17089T (97.3 %) and Photobacterium galatheae LMG F28894T (97.3 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c), with Q-8 as the major of isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, two aminophospholipids and three unidentified lipids. The whole genome size of strain CAU 1568T was 4.8 Mb with 50.1 mol% G+C content; including 38 contigs and 4233 protein-coding genes. These taxonomic data support CAU 1568T as representing a novel Photobacterium species, for which the name Photobacterium arenosum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this novel species is CAU 1568T (=KCTC 82404T=MCCC 1K05668T).

Echinicola arenosa sp. nov., isolated from marine sand.

A novel bacterium, designated CAU 1574T, was isolated from marine sand. Cells were Gram stain negative, aerobic, gliding and rod shaped. Growth was observed at 20-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), a pH of 5.5-10.0 (optimum, 8.0), and 0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl concentrations (optimum, 1%). Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain CAU 1574T belonged to the genus Echinicola, and showed the highest similarity to Echinicola shivajiensis JCM 17847T (97.5%). Phylogenomic analysis based on consisting of 92 core genes extracted from the genome sequences showed that strain CAU 1574T was affiliated with species in the genus Echinicola. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain CAU 1574T and the closely related species were below the cut-off values of 95-96, 90, and 70%, respectively used for species demarcation. The chemotaxonomic data of CAU 1574T were as follows: major isoprenoid quinone, MK-7; predominant polar lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminophospholipids and two unidentified lipids; major fatty acids, iso-C15:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c). The 5.4 Mb genome included 20 contigs and 4237 protein-coding genes with a 39.8 mol% G + C content. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and physiological result, strain CAU 1574T represents a novel species of this genus Echinicola, for which the name Echinicola arenosa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1574T (= KCTC 82410T = MCCC 1K05669T).

Snuella sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, rod-shaped bacterial strain CAU 1569T was isolated from marine sediment on Shido Island in Incheon. It grew at 20-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, 7.0), 2-6% NaCl (w/v) (optimum, 2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CAU 1569T formed a distinct lineage with only the type strain of Snuella. Strain CAU 1569T showed high similarity to S. lapsa KACC 14152T (95.8%), Mariniflexile gromovii KMM KCTC 12570T, Aestuariibaculum marinum KCTC 52521T (95.4%), A. suncheonense KACC 16186T (94.6%) and Yeosuana aromativorans KCCM 42019T (94.4%). The genome contained 57 contigs, 3,437 protein-coding gene, 3 rRNAs (5, 16, and 23S), 43 tRNAs, and with a 35.7 mol% G + C content. The DDH value between strain CAU 1569T and S. lapsa KACC 14152T was 39.4 ± 0.6%. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, C15:1-iso G, and C17:0 iso 3-OH. Strain CAU 1569T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, aminoglycolipid, unidentified aminolipid, and three unidentified lipids. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, physiologic, and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain CAU 1569T represents a novel Snuella species, which the name Snuella sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is CAU 1569T (= KCTC 82409T = MCCC 1K05670T).

Bacillus songklensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1033(T), was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CAU 1033(T) formed a distinct lineage within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus drentensis KCTC 13025(T) (similarity 95.9 %). CAU 1033(T) contained MK-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone and iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain CAU 1033(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major whole-cell sugars were arabinose, sucrose and ribose. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and another unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was 41.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, strain CAU 1033(T) was classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus songklensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1033(T) ( = KCTC 13881(T) = CCUG 61889(T)).