RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This review aims to assess the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted of seven electronic data bases from inception to Dec 31, 2022, to identify randomized controlled trials that studied TENS for neurogenic bladder after SCI. The primary outcomes were maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) and residual urine volume (RUV). Secondary outcomes included maximum detrusor pressure, flow rate, and bladder diary. Random effects models were used in all analyses. RESULTS: Eleven trials involving 881 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that TENS in addition to conventional treatment had larger MCC (mean difference [MD] 50.55 ml, 95% CI 27.81-73.29, pï¼0.0001) and lower RUV (MD -22.96 ml, 95% CI -33.45 to -12.47, pï¼0.0001) than did conventional treatment only. Compared with magnetic stimulation, no differences were observed with TENS for MCC (MD -14.49 ml, 95% CI -48.97 to 19.98, p = 0.41) and RUV (MD 25 ml, 95% CI -61.79 to 111.79, p = 0.57). There also were no differences in MCC (MD -7.2 ml, 95% CI -14.56 to 0.16, p= 0.06) and (MD -5.2 ml, 95% CI -60.00 to 49.60, p = 0.851) when compared with solifenacin succinate and pelvic floor biofeedback, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TENS may be an effective treatment option for neurogenic bladder after SCI.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) infections with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and their association with the clinicopathologic indexes of PCa. METHODS: We collected tissue samples from 75 cases of PCa and 73 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We detected HPV16/18 infections in the samples by immunohistochemistry and PCR combined with reverse dot blot (RDB) assay. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry revealed 16 cases of HPV16/18 positive in the PCa (21.3%) and 7 cases in the BPH samples (9.5%), with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.049). PCR combined with RDB assay showed 17 cases of HPV16 infection (22.6%) and 13 cases of HPV18 infection (17.8%), including 4 cases of HPV16/18 positive, in the PCa group, remarkably higher than 6 cases of HPV16 infection (8.2%), 3 cases of HPV18 infection (4.1%) and no HPV16/18 positive in the BPH controls (P=0.001). No significant differences were observed between the result of immunohistochemistry and that of PCR combined with RDB assay (P=0.069). The risk of HPV16/18 infections was found to be correlated with the clinical T-stage and Gleason score of PCa (P<0.05 ) but not with the patient's age, PSA level or lymph node metastasis (P>0.05 ). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk HPV16/18 infections are correlated with the risk of prostate cancer.