Prevalence and pattern of multimorbidity in China: a cross-sectional study of 224,142 adults over 60 years old.

Aim: To examine the prevalence and potential risk factors of multimorbidity among older adult in China. In addition, we investigated the pattern of multimorbidity. Methods: This study is based on data from the fourth Sample Survey of the Aged Population in Urban and Rural China (SSAPUR) in 2015, a comprehensive survey of individuals aged 60 years or older in China. We calculated baseline data and prevalence rates for comorbidities, stratified by household registration, age, sex, education, exercise, and health insurance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify potential risk factors for comorbidities. Furthermore, we determined the prevalence rates for the three most frequent disease combinations. Results: A total of 215,040 participants were included in our analysis. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 50.5% among the older adult in China. The prevalence rate was slightly higher in rural areas than in urban areas, with rates of 51.5 and 49.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence rate was higher in females than in males, with rates of 55.2 and 45.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals aged 70-79 years (OR:1.40, 95% CI: 1.38-1.43, p < 0.001) and over 80 years (OR:1.41, 95% CI: 1.38-1.45, p < 0.001) had a higher prevalence of multimorbidity than those aged 60-69 years. The most prevalent pair of comorbidities was hypertension and osteoarthropathy, with 19.6% of the participants having these two conditions, accounting for 5.4% of the total participants. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of multimorbidity among the older adult in China. Increased expenditure on preventive health care, popularization of general medicine and popular medical education may be adopted by the Government to cope with the high prevalence of multimorbidity.

Risk assessment of airborne agricultural pesticide exposure in humans in rural China.

Continuous exposure to airborne pesticides causes their gradual accumulation in the human body, eventually posing a threat to human health. To the best of our knowledge, risk assessment study of pesticide non-occupational exposure to residents in agricultural areas has not been conducted in China. In this study, air samples (gas and dust) were collected from inside and outside residences of seven households and an area near the field in a grain-growing area (wheat and maize rotation) for eight months, and the pesticides present were examined both qualitatively and quantitatively. Using a 95% confidence interval, 9 out of 16 pesticides were detected, namely acetamiprid, acetochlor, atrazine, flucarbazone-sodium, imidacloprid, methyldisulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron-methyl, pendimethalin, and beta-cyhalothrin, and their safety was subsequently evaluated. The results showed that the inhalation exposure of households to beta-cyhalothrin exceeded the acceptable range in the first residential, and the excess lifetime cancer risk of acetochlor inhalation exposure in six households and area around the field exceeds 1E-6, which highlights the need to strengthen preventive screening for cancer risk.

Clinical value of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT for assessing early-stage liver fibrosis in adult liver transplantation recipients compared with chronic HBV patients.

AIMS: To investigate the clinical value and performance of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in assessing early-stage liver fibrosis in liver transplantation (LT) recipients. METHODS: A prospective study including 17 LT recipients and 12 chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients was conducted. All patients received liver biopsy, transient elastography (TE), and [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT. On [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT scans, the liver parenchyma's maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were measured. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the diagnostic efficacy of [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in early-stage liver fibrosis (S1-S2) compared with the diagnostic performance of TE. RESULTS: Among those 29 patients enrolled in this study, 15(51.7%) had fibrosis S0, 10(34.5%) had S1, and 4(13.8%) had S2, respectively. The SUVmax of patients with early-stage liver fibrosis was significantly higher than those without liver fibrosis in LT recipients and CHB patients (P = 0.004, P = 0.02). In LT recipients, a SUVmax cut-off value of 2.0 detected early-stage liver fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.92 (P = 0.006), and a liver stiffness measurements (LSM) score cut-off value of 8.2 kPa diagnosed early-stage liver fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.80 (P = 0.012). In CHB patients, a SUVmax cut-off value of 2.7 detected early-stage liver fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.94 (P < 0.001) and an LSM scores cut-off value of 8.4 kPa diagnosed early-stage liver fibrosis with an AUROC of 0.91 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT could be applied to evaluate early-stage liver fibrosis in LT recipients and CHB patients properly, with the potential additional advantages in monitoring and predicting complications after LT.

The effects of CPET-guided cardiac rehabilitation on exercise tolerance in older persons with CHD after PCI.

Prescribing appropriate exercise is an important means to improve the safety and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation. Improper exercise may induce an increased cardiovascular risk in older persons with coronary heart disease. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)-guided cardiac rehabilitation could be helpful for providing clinical evidence for cardiac rehabilitation therapy in older persons after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We retrospectively included older persons who underwent PCI and cardiac rehabilitation based on CPET at the Cardiac Rehabilitation Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. Patients' baseline and follow-up clinical data were collected. A total of 403 older persons after PCI were included in the study. The mean age was 80.5 ± 4.3. The mean follow-up time was 12 ± 2 months. During the follow-up period, no significant exercise-related adverse events occurred, and the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) increased compared with baseline (15.5 ± 3.8 ml/min/kg vs. 17.3 ± 4.1 ml/min/kg). Among the 90 patients (22.2%) without exercise habits at baseline who started regular exercise during follow-up, the improvement in VO2peak was most significant, at 3.2 ± 0.4 ml/min/kg. Cardiac rehabilitation based on CPET improved exercise habits and exercise tolerance in older persons with coronary heart disease after PCI.

Case report: Fecal microbiota transplantation in refractory ankylosing spondylitis.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the prototype of a group of systemic inflammatory diseases referred to as spondyloarthritis. Comorbid inflammatory bowel disease and changed gut microbiota in AS have attracted attention to the influence of gut-joint axis and encouraged treating AS by targeting gut microbiota. Here we first reported a patient with refractory AS and comorbid ulcerative colitis (UC) who underwent three fecal microbiota transplantations (FMTs). Inadequate response to conventional treatments including tumor necrosis factor inhibitors impelled FMT as alternative therapy. Notable improvements in AS and UC accompanied with changed fecal microbiota were recorded at 1 week post-FMT1. Further recovery was found after the other two FMTs, and a roughly stable status was maintained in the follow-up period. More studies are needed to validate the effectiveness of FMT in AS and its mechanisms.

A community-based cross-sectional study of anxiety and metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anxiety and other psychological disorders has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among the elderly. Anxiety and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may aggravate each other. This study further clarified the correlation between the two. METHODS: Adopting a convenience sampling method, this study investigated 162 elderly people over 65 years of age in Fangzhuang Community, Beijing. All participants provided baseline data on sex, age, lifestyle, and health status. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) was used to assess anxiety. Blood samples, abdominal circumference, and blood pressure were used to diagnose MetS. The elderly were divided into MetS and control groups according to the diagnosis of MetS. Differences in anxiety between the two groups were analysed and further stratified by age and gender. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the possible risk factors for MetS. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, anxiety scores of the MetS group were statistically higher (Z = 4.78, P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between anxiety levels and MetS (r = 0.353, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that anxiety (possible anxiety vs no anxiety: odds ratio [OR] = 2.982, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.295-6.969; definite anxiety vs no anxiety: OR = 14.573, 95%CI 3.675-57.788; P < 0.001) and BMI (OR = 1.504, 95% CI 1.275-1.774; P < 0.001) were possible risk factors for MetS. CONCLUSION: The elderly with MetS had higher anxiety scores. Anxiety may be a potential risk factor for MetS, which provides a new perspective on anxiety and MetS.

Symptoms compatible with Rome IV functional bowel disorder in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of symptoms meeting Rome IV functional bowel disorder (FBD) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), investigate factors associated with FBD symptoms, and assess whether having FBD symptoms might influence AS disease activity. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 153 AS patients without known colonic ulcers and 56 sex- and age-matched controls to evaluate FBD (or its subtypes) symptoms. Disease characteristics were also evaluated in the AS group. RESULTS: Sixty (39.2%) of 153 AS patients had FBD symptoms, which were more prevalent than controls (23.2%). Besides, symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic diarrhoea were detected in 18 and 43 AS patients, respectively. For the AS group, multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that symptoms of FBD, IBS, and chronic diarrhoea were negatively associated with using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and positively associated with comorbid fibromyalgia, respectively. In exploration about the effects of FBD (or its subtypes) symptoms on AS disease activity by multivariable linear regression analyses, FBD symptoms and chronic diarrhoea had universal positive associations with assessments of AS disease characteristics, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AS had frequent symptoms compatible with FBD, IBS, and chronic diarrhoea, proportions of which were lower in those with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. The improvement of FBD symptoms and chronic diarrhoea might be conducive to the disease status of AS patients.

Mental states in caregivers toward people with Alzheimer's disease at different stages.

Introduction: Caring for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is burdensome, especially when family members act as caregivers. This multicenter survey first aimed to investigate caregivers' mental states as well as its influencing factors in caring for people with different severities of AD in China. Methods: People with AD and their caregivers from 30 provincial regions in mainland China were enrolled from October 2020 to December 2020 to be surveyed for caregivers' mental states and living conditions, as well as caregivers' attitudes toward treatment and caring. Logistic regression was used to explore the factors that influence the positive and negative states of caregivers who care for people with different stages of AD. Results: A total of 1,966 valid questionnaires were analyzed (mild AD: 795, moderate AD: 521, severe AD: 650). A total of 73.6% of caregivers maintained normal states (mild group: 71.9%, moderate group: 73.9%, severe group: 75.2%; X2 = 2.023, p = 0.364), and the proportions of caregivers with positive and negative states were 26.3% (mild group: 38.4%, moderate group: 24.6%, severe group: 13.1%; X2 = 119.000, p < 0.001) and 36.5% (mild group: 25.2%, moderate group: 36.9%, severe group: 50.2%; X2 = 96.417, p < 0.001), respectively. The major factors that both influenced caregivers' positive and negative states were the severity of AD, perceived efficacy of treatment, safety issues after AD dementia diagnosis and perceived social support (p < 0.005), while neuropsychiatric symptoms causing stress in caregivers (p < 0.001) only affected the negative states of caregivers. The results of further analysis according to disease severity showed that safety issues after AD dementia diagnosis (p < 0.005) only made significant differences in the mild-to-moderate group. Conclusion: To reduce negative states and promote positive states among caregivers, flexible and sensitive caregiving support could be built on caregivers' demands in caring for people with different stages of AD. The support of emotion, social functioning and nursing skills is one of the significant ways for health workers to enhance caregivers' competency.

RecurIndex assay as an aid for adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in HR-positive HER2-negative breast cancer patients.

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is a major adjuvant treatment modality for hormonal receptor (HR)-positive and HER2-negative early breast cancer, but only 2%-20% of patients derive practical benefits. How to balance its potential benefits and risks becomes a challenging clinical problem. The purpose of this study was to assess whether RecurIndex assay could serve as an aid for adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in Chinese patients with HR-positive HER2-negative early breast cancer. Methods: The tissue samples of pT1-2N0 HR-positive HER2-negative breast cancer from multiple centers were detected using RecurIndex assay, based on which the patients were assigned into low- and high-risk groups. The survival outcomes of low- and high-risk patients including those with and without adjuvant chemotherapy were compared, and the risk factors for recurrence and metastasis were identified. Results: Totally 445 patients were eligible for analysis. By contrast to high-risk patients, low-risk patients represented better 7-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates. For low-risk patients, no significant differences were shown between those with and without adjuvant chemotherapy in 7-year RFS, DRFS and LRFS rates. These differences were also inapparent between high-risk patients with and without adjuvant chemotherapy. The multivariate model revealed high-risk patients had a significantly elevated risk of recurrence and metastasis than those at low risk. Conclusion: HR-positive HER2-negative early breast cancer patients at low risk stratified by RecurIndex assay might be exempt from adjuvant chemotherapy. Whether adjuvant chemotherapy may derive survival benefits for high-risk patients still needs larger cohorts to verify.

Complete Mitogenome of Oreolalax Omeimontis Reveals Phylogenetic Status and Novel Gene Arrangement of Archaeobatrachia.

Species of the genus Oreolalax displayed crucial morphological characteristics of vertebrates transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial habitats; thus, they can be regarded as a representative vertebrate genus for this landing phenomenon. But the present phylogenetic status of Oreolalax omeimontis has been controversial with morphological and molecular approaches, and specific gene rearrangements were discovered in all six published Oreolalax mitogenomes, which are rarely observed in Archaeobatrachia. Therefore, this study determined the complete mitogenome of O. omeimontis with the aim of identifying its precise phylogenetic position and novel gene arrangement in Archaeobatrachia. Phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood indicates O. omeimontis is a sister group to O. lichuanensis, which is consistent with previous phylogenetic analysis based on morphological characteristics, but contrasts with other studies using multiple gene fragments. Moreover, although the duplication of trnM occurred in all seven Oreolalax species, the translocation of trnQ and trnM occurred differently in O. omeimontis to the other six, and this unique rearrangement would happen after the speciation of O. omeimontis. In general, this study sheds new light on the phylogenetic relationships and gene rearrangements of Archaeobatrachia.

Complete Mitogenomes of Polypedates Tree Frogs Unveil Gene Rearrangement and Concerted Evolution within Rhacophoridae.

New developments in sequencing technology and nucleotide analysis have allowed us to make great advances in reconstructing anuran phylogeny. As a clade of representative amphibians that have radiated from aquatic to arboreal habitats, our understanding of the systematic status and molecular biology of rhacophorid tree frogs is still limited. We determined two new mitogenomes for the genus Polypedates (Rhacophoridae): P. impresus and P. mutus. We conducted comparative and phylogenetic analyses using our data and seven other rhacophorid mitogenomes. The mitogenomes of the genera Polypedates, Buergeria, and Zhangixalus were almost identical, except that the ATP8 gene in Polypedates had become a non-coding region; Buergeria maintained the legacy "LTPF" tRNA gene cluster compared to the novel "TLPF" order in the other two genera; and B. buergeri and Z. dennysi had no control region (CR) duplication. The resulting phylogenetic relationship supporting the above gene rearrangement pathway suggested parallel evolution of ATP8 gene loss of function (LoF) in Polypedates and CR duplication with concerted evolution of paralogous CRs in rhacophorids. Finally, conflicting topologies in the phylograms of 185 species reflected the advantages of phylogenetic analyses using multiple loci.

Heterogeneity, inherent and acquired drug resistance in patient-derived organoid models of primary liver cancer.

PURPOSE: We aimed to elucidate the applicability of tumor organoids for inherent drug resistance of primary liver cancer (PLC) and mechanisms of acquired drug resistance. METHODS: PLC tissues were used to establish organoids, organoid-derived xenograft (ODX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Acquired drug resistance was induced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) organoids. Gene expression profiling was performed by RNA-sequencing. RESULTS: Fifty-two organoids were established from 153 PLC patients. Compared with establishing PDX models, establishing organoids of HCC showed a trend toward a higher success rate (29.0% vs. 23.7%) and took less time (13.0 ± 4.7 vs. 25.1 ± 5.4 days, p = 2.28 × 10-13). Larger tumors, vascular invasion, higher serum AFP levels, advanced stages and upregulation of stemness- and proliferation-related genes were significantly associated with the successful establishment of HCC organoids and PDX. Organoids and ODX recapitulated PLC histopathological features, but were enriched in more aggressive cell types. PLC organoids were mostly resistant to lenvatinib in vitro but sensitive to lenvatinib in ODX models. Stemness- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene sets were found to be upregulated, whereas liver development- and liver specific molecule-related gene sets were downregulated in acquired sorafenib-resistant organoids. Targeting the mTOR signaling pathway was effective in treating acquired sorafenib-resistant HCC organoids, possibly via inducing phosphorylated S6 kinase. Genes upregulated in acquired sorafenib-resistant HCC organoids were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: HCC organoids perform better than PDX for drug screening. Acquired sorafenib resistance in organoids promotes HCC aggressiveness via facilitating stemness, retro-differentiation and EMT. Phosphorylated S6 kinase may be predictive for drug resistance in HCC.

Supply Chain Coordination under Carbon Emission Tax Regulation Considering Greening Technology Investment.

In this paper, we firstly derive the optimal strategies, including greening technology investment, production volume and order quantity decisions with stochastic demand, for the emissions-dependent supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. Then, an advance purchase discount (APD) contract and an option contract are applied to coordinate the supply chain. Moreover, an innovative prepayment-based option (PBO) contract is designed based on an APD contract and an option contract. We discuss the cash flow, the inventory risk allocation and the impacts of carbon emission tax under each contract. It is found that considering improving cash flow, preselling (or option selling) as a means of supporting the manufacturer with sufficient cash flow will help expand production and invest in greening technology. From the perspective of avoiding inventory risk, the APD contract benefits the manufacturer while the option contract benefits the retailer. However, the PBO contract generates intermediate allocations of inventory risk between manufacturer and retailer.

Clinical Outcome of Surgical Hip Dislocation Combined with Impacting Bone Grafts and Implanting Iliac Bone Flaps in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Mid-term Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: To report the medium-term outcomes of surgical hip dislocation (SHD) combined with impacting bone grafts and implanting iliac bone flaps in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and to define the indications for this treatment. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study. In total, 64 patients (70 hips) with ONFH treated from January 2014 to December 2017 were included in this study. There were 51 males and 13 females aged 18-55 years with an average age of 32 years. All patients underwent surgery for SHD combined with impacting bone grafts and implanting iliac bone flaps. Preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes were assessed. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS) and the conversion rate of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors affecting the clinical outcome. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis was applied to calculate the survival rate of the femoral head. RESULTS: At the last follow-up (60 ± 15.08 months), the HHS was excellent for 41 hips, good for 17 hips, fair for three hips, and poor for nine hips. All nine hips with poor HHS underwent THA, including five in the first 2 years following the index surgery and four between three and 5 years. The conversion rate of total hip arthroplasty was 12.86%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the duration of hip pain and JIC classification type were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Elderly age and advanced ONFH stage tended to lead to worse surgical outcomes. The overall survival rate of JIC classification type C1 and duration of pain ≤6 months was 98.1% and 97.8% at 72 months, respectively, as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. CONCLUSION: Surgical hip dislocation combined with impacting bone grafts and implanting iliac bone flaps in the treatment of ONFH had a good mid-term clinical outcome, especially for patients with retention of the lateral column of the femoral head and hip pain less than 1 year.

Gut microbiota changes in patients with spondyloarthritis: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Gut microbiota has been proposed as a pivotal role in the progression of Spondyloarthritis (SpA), however diverse results remain to be synthesized. We performed a systematic review to collect evidence on the characteristic of the gut microbiota in patients with SpA, as compared to controls. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, through June 1, 2021 for studies that compared gut microbiota of cases with SpA versus healthy controls. RESULTS: Of 3756 records identified, 28 studies from 23 articles were included in the analysis. Results of ß-diversity showed SpA patients hold a significantly different microbial composition compared with controls. Several taxa-level differences of gut microbiota between SpA (and its subtypes) cases and controls were identified. Fourteen studies including only patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) reported increased amounts of Actinobacteria, Dialister, Streptococcus, and Clostridium bolteae, and decreased amounts of Bacteroidales and Parasutterella in AS cases versus controls in ≥ 3 studies. Dialister invisus was increased in axial-SpA cases versus controls in 3 studies. Bacteroides fragilis was increased in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) cases versus controls in 2 studies. For all SpA studies, Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidaceae were increased, whereas Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidales, and Akkermansia were decreased in cases versus controls in ≥ 3 studies. Over 40% of the studies showed comparable data of both sex and age between cases and controls. CONCLUSION: The microbial characteristics of SpA summarized in the systematic review laid the groundwork for evidence-based microbial treatment. The microbial variance among subtypes of SpA remains to be explored. Further studies are needed to elucidate how the altered microbiota participate in the pathogenesis of SpA.

Prevalence and potential risk factors of self-reported diabetes among elderly people in China: A national cross-sectional study of 224,142 adults.

Aim: To evaluated the prevalence and potential risk factors of self-reported diabetes among the elderly in China, by demographic data, socioeconomic factors, and psychological factors. Methods: Descriptive analysis and Chi-square analysis were used to assess the prevalence and variation between self-reported diabetes and non-diabetes by demographic data, living habits, socioeconomic factors and comorbidities. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to describe the odds ratios (OR) of diabetes prevalence in different groups, while stratification analysis was performed to describe prevalence based on gender, age, and urban/rural areas. Results: 215,041 elderly adults (102,692 males and 112,349 females) were eventually included in the analysis. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes among the elderly in China is about 8.7%, with the highest prevalence in Beijing (20.8%) and the lowest prevalence in Xizang (0.9%). Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area (P < 0.001), older age (65-84 years old, P < 0.001), female (P < 0.001), higher income(P < 0.001), poor sleep quality (P = 0.01) and some other factors were potential risk factors for diabetes. Conclusions: This study illustrates the prevalence and potential risk factors of diabetes among the elderly in China Meanwhile, these results provide information to assist the government in controlling non-communicable diseases in the elderly.

A Retrospective Study on the Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes of 179 Cases of Synchronous and Metachronous Bilateral Breast Cancer in China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome of bilateral breast cancer (BBC) in the Chinese population. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 7797 cases with primary breast cancer, including 7618 cases of unilateral breast cancer (UBC) and 179 cases of BBC. Among the latter, there were 108 cases of synchronous BBC (SBBC) and 71 cases of metachronous BBC (MBBC). RESULTS: In the present study, the incidence of SBBC and MBBC are 1.39% and 0.91% among the general population, respectively. In comparison of UBC and BBC, SBBC and MBBC, there are significant differences in the common clinicopathological characteristics, such as pathologic stage, hormone receptor (HR) status and molecular type. In respect of the surgical treatment of BBC, 49.72% of the patients chose mastectomy. The 3-year disease free survival (DFS) for SBBC and MBBC are 94.4% and 96.9%, respectively. There is no difference in the overall survival (OS) and DFS between SBBC and MBBC. The histological grade and type of surgery on tumors of both sides are important influencing factors of DFS in the BBC patients. CONCLUSION: There are statistical differences in the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes between SBBC and MBBC among the Chinese population. Therefore, the treatment of BBC patients should be individualized.

Survival-associated N6-adenosine methyltransferase signatures in lung squamous cell carcinoma and clinical verification.

BACKGROUND: N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most common modification of mRNA and IncRNA in higher organisms. m6A has been confirmed to be related to the formation and progression of tumors and m6A-related genes can be used as prognostic biomarkers in a variety of tumors. However, there have been no similar studies on lung squamous cell carcinoma. The main purpose of this study was aimed to explore the differential expression of m6A-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues and its relationship with patient clinical prognosis. METHODS: We integrated three m6A writers that catalyze the methylation of adenine on mRNA molecules. The training set including 501 patients with LUSC was collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the test set including 181 patients with LUSC was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Based on the expression level of the m6A methylase gene, we established a tumor subgroup and risk-prognosis model to quantify the risk index and long-term patient prognosis, which were confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. After lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue specimens were obtained during surgery, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to verify the results in vitro. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the expression of the three m6A methylases in tumor tissues and normal tissues was significantly different (P < 0.05). The survival-prognostic model based on METTL3 gene expression showed better predictive performance (AUC: 0.706). Patients in the high-risk and low-risk groups exhibited significant differences in terms of survival time and 5-year and 10-year survival rates. Immunohistochemistry revealed that patients with high METTL3 expression exhibited a longer survival time than those with low METTL3 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the molecular phenotype based on the expression of METTL3 may be an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. These findings not only prove the important role of m6A methylase in lung squamous cell carcinoma, but are also expected to provide more accurate prognostic assessment and individualized treatment for patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma.

SH3BGRL3, transcribed by STAT3, facilitates glioblastoma tumorigenesis by activating STAT3 signaling.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system. Here, we report that SH3 binding glutamic acid-rich protein like 3 (SH3BGRL3) was extremely highly expressed in GBM and glioma stem cells. SH3BGRL3 high expression associates with worse survival of GBM patients. Functionally, Targeting SH3BGRL3 obviously impairs GSCs self-renewal in vitro. Most importantly, we first report that SH3BGRL3 is a direct transcriptional target gene of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and thereby activating STAT3 signaling in turn. Additionally, forced expression of the constitutively activated STAT3 (STAT3-C) rescued GSCs self-renewal inhibited by SH3BGRL3 silencing. Collectively, we first identified a critical positive feedback loop between SH3BGRL3 and STAT3, which facilitates the tumorigenic potential of GBM.

[Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics and Impacting Factors of Different Rice Varieties Under Paddy Soils with High Geological Backgrounds].

The cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics of seven rice varieties (Ningliangyou 1, Y Liangyou 1, Shenliangyou, Tailiangyou, Yuejingsimiao, Youzhanbahao, and Huang Huazhan) were studied by pot-culture experiments in two paddy soils (Maling, Yunbiao) with different high geological backgrounds, and the possible impacting factors were explored. The results indicated that:① The grain Cd contents of the seven rice varieties grown in the two soils did not exceed the national food safety standard (GB 2762-2017), and the grain Cd content of Shengliangyou was the lowest; ② The grain Cd content of the seven rice varieties planted in the soil of Maling was higher than those of Yunbiao; ③ The redundancy analysis revealed that the accumulation of Cd in grains was influenced by the plant height, surface area of root, total cadmium in the soil, and EC and Eh of the soil during the heading stage. The correlation analysis indicated that the leading impacting factor of the grain Cd accumulation varied. In the Maling soil, the grain Cd content was primarily related to the rice root length, while it was related to the aboveground rice biomass in the Yunbiao soil.