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1.
J Virol ; 87(10): 5586-92, 2013 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23468505

RESUMEN

Cache Valley virus (CVV)-induced malformations have been previously reproduced in ovine fetuses. To evaluate the development of the antiviral response by the early, infected fetus, before the development of immunocompetency, ovine fetuses at 35 days of gestation were inoculated in utero with CVV and euthanized at 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days postinfection. The antiviral immune response in immature fetuses infected with CVV was evaluated. Gene expression associated with an innate, immune response was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. The upregulated genes in infected fetuses included ISG15, Mx1, Mx2, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-7, and TLR-8. The amount of Mx1 protein, an interferon-stimulated GTPase capable of restricting growth of bunyaviruses, was elevated in the allantoic and amniotic fluid in infected fetuses. ISG15 protein expression was significantly increased in target tissues of infected animals. B lymphocytes and immunoglobulin-positive cells were detected in lymphoid tissues and in the meninges of infected animals. These results demonstrated that the infected ovine fetus is able to initiate an innate and adaptive immune response much earlier than previously known, which presumably contributes to viral clearance in infected animals.


Asunto(s)
Virus Bunyamwera/inmunología , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/inmunología , Enfermedades Fetales/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/inmunología , Animales , Virus Bunyamwera/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/virología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Enfermedades de las Cabras/virología , Cabras , Inmunidad Innata , Embarazo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa
2.
J Virol ; 86(9): 4793-800, 2012 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22379096

RESUMEN

Cache Valley virus-induced malformations have been previously reproduced in ovine fetuses; however, no studies have established the course of infection of cells and tissues with Cache Valley virus. To address these questions, ovine fetuses at 35 days of gestation were inoculated in utero with Cache Valley virus and euthanized at 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days postinfection. On postmortem examination, arthrogryposis and oligohydramnios were observed in some infected fetuses. Morphological studies showed necrosis in the central nervous system and skeletal muscle of infected fetuses evaluated after 7 to 14 days postinfection, and hydrocephalus, micromyelia, and muscular loss were observed in infected fetuses after 21 to 28 days postinfection. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, intense Cache Valley virus antigen and RNA staining was detected in the brain, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, and, to a lesser degree, in fetal membranes and other tissues of infected fetuses. Viral antigen and RNA staining decreased in targeted and infected tissues with the progression of the infection.


Asunto(s)
Virus Bunyamwera , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/virología , Animales , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Antígenos Virales/metabolismo , Virus Bunyamwera/inmunología , Virus Bunyamwera/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bunyaviridae/virología , Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Enfermedades Fetales/veterinaria , Enfermedades Fetales/virología , Músculo Esquelético/patología , Pruebas de Neutralización , ARN Viral/metabolismo , Ovinos , Médula Espinal/patología
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