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Objectives: Research has demonstrated that modulating inflammation can significantly accelerate the healing of oral ulcers. Our study focused on the adipose mesenchymal stem cell secretome (AdMSCS), which is rich in immunoregulatory molecules capable of dampening the immune response and interfering with inflammatory pathways. We assessed both inflammatory pathway expression and macrophage phenotypes at the sites of oral ulcers. Methods: We induced oral ulcers in the inferior fornix mucosa of 20 healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). These subjects were treated topically with adipose MSC metabolite (AdMSCM) oral gel three times daily, for durations of 3 and 7 days. We performed immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 at the ulcer sites. Additionally, we assessed macrophage polarization by examining the ratio of M2/M1 macrophages, identified through CD68+Φ (M1) and CD163+Φ (M2) cells. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by post-hoc Tukey's Honestly Significantly Difference test. Results: Application of AdMSCM oral gel significantly reduced the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65. This treatment also enhanced macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype at the ulcer sites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The topical application of AdMSCM oral gel effectively modulates the inflammatory response, enhancing healing processes in the oral ulcer rat model. This suggests its potential utility as a therapeutic agent in managing oral ulcers.
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Objective: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1 and -9), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Transforming Growth factor (TGF)-ß are expressed in the oral ulcer wound-healing process. The Adipose mesenchymal stem cell metabolites (AdMSCMs) may accelerate wound-healing. This study aimed to investigate the expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, and TGF-ß in the oral mucosa ulcer rat model treated with topical AdMSCMs. Materials and Methods: Oral ulcer models were created in twenty healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into AdMSCMs and control groups. The oral ulcer model was treated topically using AdMSCMs oral gel three times daily for 3 and 7 days. The expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, TGF-ß was evaluated through histological examination using the immunohistochemistry method. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean of expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF, TGF-ß between control and treatment groups (AdMSCMs), and paired t-test was used to analyze the mean between day 3 and day 7 of each group. Results: A lower expression of MMP-1, MMP-9 in AdMSCMs group and higher expression EGF and TGF-ß in AdMSCMs group compared to the control group in day 3 and day 7. Independent t-test results showed a significant difference in the expression of MMP-1, MMP-9, EGF between the control and AdMSCMs group in day 3 and day 7. Only TGF-ß expression mean difference between day 3 and day 7 showed a significant difference compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: AdMSCMs oral gel may accelerate oral ulcer healing models by reducing the expression MMP-1, MMP-9, and increasing EGF and TGF-ß expressions during the wound-healing process.
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OBJECTIVE: Enhancing wound healing capacity is one of the main principles in oral ulcer management. Efficient oral ulcer management will accelerate clinical symptom amelioration and prevent complications. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell metabolites (AdMSCM), a novel biological product, contains a plethora of bioactive mediators that can induce a series of processes in wound healing. This study will analyze the clinical outcome, angiogenesis, and expression of FGF-2 and VEGFA in the oral ulcer rat model after AdMSCM oral gel application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were used to create oral ulcer animal models. AdMSCM oral gel treatment was performed three times daily for 3 and 7 days. Clinical outcome was assessed by measuring the major diameter of the ulcer; the angiogenesis was evaluated through histological assessment; the expression of VEGFA and FGF-2 was assessed using the immunohistochemistry method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: This study uses parametric comparative analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's HSD test RESULTS: The application of AdMSCM oral gel in an oral ulcer rat model significantly enhanced the clinical outcome (p < 0.05). In addition, similar results were shown in the histologic assessment of angiogenesis and supported by the significant increase of VEGFA and FGF-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: AdMSCM oral gel accelerates oral ulcer healing processes, proven by the enhancement of angiogenesis, pro-angiogenic factors expression, and clinical outcomes.
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OBJECTIVE: Various growth factors contained in PRP can increase angiogenesis and cell proliferation, which plays an essential role in the process of neuroregeneration and peripheral nerve injury recovery. This study analyzed PRP effects in the neuro-regeneration of axonotmesis through brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Krox20 expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freeze-dried allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were prepared from allogeneic sources. Forty-two Rattus norvegicus were divided into three groups: negative control group, positive control group (crushing infraorbital nerve) and treatment group (crushing infraorbital nerve without PRP injection). Each group was observed for fourteen and twenty-one days after injury. Infraorbital nerve tissue is isolated for indirect immunohistochemistry examination with BDNF and Krox20 antibodies. Data analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests with significant value as p < 0.05. RESULTS: The PRP group showed BDNF expression significantly higher than control positive groups, both observation days (p = 0.00). A higher Korx20 expression showed by the PRP group after 21 days than in the control positive groups (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: PRP can potentially improve neuroregeneration of axonotmesis through increased BDNF and Krox20 expression on the twenty-one days after injury.
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Aim: Assessing the knowledge of clinical dental students regarding prevalent geriatric oral diseases is crucial in evaluating their clinical competency. This study focuses on analyzing dental students' knowledge of angular cheilitis (AC) and xerostomia in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional investigation, clinical dental students from Universitas Airlangga were involved. We employed simple random sampling to select a minimum of 76 students and gathered data, including demographic information and knowledge about AC and xerostomia, through an online questionnaire. Respondents were then categorized into three groups based on their knowledge level: poor, moderate, and good. We utilized coefficient contingency and odds ratio analysis to explore relationships and effects between demographic factors and knowledge levels. Results: The study findings indicated that a significant majority of respondents demonstrated a high level of comprehension regarding AC (58.4%). Conversely, a notable proportion of respondents exhibited limited knowledge regarding xerostomia (66.3%). Furthermore, our correlation analysis, which aimed to identify potential associations between knowledge levels and intrinsic factors such as gender, clinical interest, and proximity to geriatric individuals, did not reveal any statistically significant relationships (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Within the population of clinical dental students, there is a commendable level of knowledge concerning AC in the geriatric demographic. However, a substantial segment of students lacks adequate understanding when it comes to xerostomia.
