RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to identify Shoulder Instability Return to Sport after Injury (SIRSI) scores in athletes who underwent open Latarjet surgery, determine the reasons why athletes failed to return to play (RTP) after Latarjet surgery, and compare SIRSI scores of those who did vs. did not RTP. METHODS: According to PRISMA guidelines, the PubMed, SportDiscus, and Ovid MEDLINE databases were queried to identify studies evaluating return to sport after Latarjet surgery. Study quality was assessed using the MINORS criteria. Studies were included if RTP after Latarjet surgery and a psychological factor were evaluated, with potential psychological factors including readiness to RTP and reasons for failure to RTP. RESULTS: Fourteen studies, 10 of level III evidence and 4 of level IV evidence, with 1034 patients were included. A total of 978 athletes were eligible to RTP. Of these, 792 (79%) successfully returned to play and 447 (56.4%) returned to play at their previous level of play. Mean RTP time was 6.2 months. Postoperative SIRSI scores averaged 71.2 ± 8.8 at a mean of 21 months' follow-up. Postoperative SIRSI scores for those able to RTP was 73.2, whereas athletes unable to RTP scored an average of 41.5. Mean postoperative SIRSI scores for those in contact sports was 71.4, whereas those in noncontact sports was 86.5. There were 31 athletes with a documented reason why they did not RTP, with postoperative shoulder injury being the most common reason (54.5%). Fear of reinjury and feeling "not psychologically confident" each represented 6.5% of the total. CONCLUSION: Athletes who RTP have higher average SIRSI scores than those who are unable to RTP. Of the athletes who documented why they did not RTP, more than half cited a shoulder injury as their reason for not returning to play, whereas fear of reinjury and lack of psychological readiness were other common reasons.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patient sex is known to affect patient outcomes in sports medicine. Historically, many studies on athletes have focused on male athletes and been generalized to female athletes. HYPOTHESIS: Studies with female first or senior authors will isolate female athletes as study participants more frequently than studies with male first or senior authors. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocols, original research studies published between 2017 and 2021 that analyzed athletes were systematically screened from the 6 top sports medicine journals (British Journal of Sports Medicine; Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery; Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy; American Journal of Sports Medicine; Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine; Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach). Articles were included for analysis if they met the following criteria: (1) original sports medicine research study, (2) analysis involving athletes, and (3) inclusion of ≥10 participants. Exclusion criteria included (1) review articles of any type and (2) cadaveric studies. The determination of author sex was completed using the name-to-gender assignment algorithm Genderize.io (https://genderize.io/). RESULTS: A total of 1146 studies were included in quantitative analysis. There were 246 studies with a female first author (21.5%) and 191 studies with a female senior author (16.7%). When looking at all authors (first, senior, and intermediate), 19.9% were female. Female first authors were over 4 times more likely to isolate female athletes in clinical research than male first authors (17.5% vs 3.8%, respectively; P < .001). Female senior authors were approximately twice as likely to isolate female athletes compared with male senior authors (11.5% vs 5.8%, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Female first authors were significantly more likely to perform research isolating female athletes. While improving the frequency of female athlete research is multifactorial, increasing the number of female researchers may have a direct effect on improving gender equality in sports medicine research.