Maximal constant 45 min running velocity gives maximal lactate steady state.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to improve and confirm a time trial (TT) based method for determining anaerobic threshold (AnT) requiring minimal equipment. METHODS: Eighteen participants underwent three to five all-out TTs for at the most 60 min. Velocity of the TTs was adapted in 0.1 or 0.2 m*s-1 steps until maximal velocity maintainable for at least 45 min (V(max45)) was identified. Exercise was interrupted every 5 min in order to take blood samples. After the participants had finished their last TT blood lactate concentration (BLC) was determined to identify maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). RESULTS: Velocity, BLC and heart rate (HR) at the TTs giving MLSS (TTMLSS) and giving V(max45) (TTV(max45)) were almost identical (3.45 ± 0.31 m*s-1 vs. 3.44 ± 0.31 m*s-1, 4.46 ± 1.28 mmol*L-1 vs. 4.52 ± 1.28 mmol*L-1, 177 ± 9.8 bpm vs. 178 ± 9.4 bpm). Coefficient of correlation (R) and standard error of estimate (SEE) between velocity at MLSS (VMLSS) and V(max45) were 0.96 and 0.09 m*s-1, respectively, indicating a very close relationship. Agreement between VMLSS and V(max45) was also very high. At VMLSS cardiovascular drift (CVD) was 8.4 ± 2.6 bpm from the 10th to 30th min. At V(max45) CVD was 7.9±2.8 bpm from the 10th to 30th min and 11.2 ± 3.8 bpm from the 10th to 45th min. CONCLUSION: Determination of V(max45) is a manageable, cost-saving and precise method for predicting velocity and CVD at MLSS in healthy, ambitious and at least moderately trained runners.

[Bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy following EHEC sepsis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. / Bilaterale anteriore ischämische Optikusneuropathie nach EHEC-Sepsis und hämolytisch-urämischem Syndrom.

After emerging from a coma caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) sepsis with severe neurological and renal involvement a 53-year-old female patient complained of blurred vision. Due to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) the patient also suffered from dialysis-dependent acute kidney failure. Horizontal visual field defects of the lower hemifield and corresponding segmental optic disc pallor were found in both eyes. Bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) was diagnosed presumably caused by high volume shifting and hypotonia due to sepsis and dialysis. The literature revealed that bilateral AION is often seen after complex surgical procedures or in patients with severe metabolic disorders. This ophthalmologic complication should always be taken into consideration because of the serious permanent visual damage.