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PURPOSE: The characteristics of saliva and intestinal microbial community in children with high caries and no caries were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. METHODS: Among 431 children aged 3-5 years old in Zunyi City who were investigated previously by our team, 25 children in the high caries group and the same in the caries-free group were selected for fecal and saliva samples. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the bacterial flora structure of the samples and identify the species with different relative abundance at the species level. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The diversity of intestinal flora in the high caries group was higher than that in the caries-free group, and the difference was statistically significant(Pï¼0.05). The diversity of salivary flora in the high caries group was more than that in the caries-free group, with no significant difference(Pï¼0.05). At phylum level,there was no significant difference in intestinal and salivary flora between children with high caries and children without caries. At gene level, Blautia, [Eubacterium] hallii group and [Eubacterium] eligens group in the intestine of caries-free group were significantly higher than those of high caries group(Pï¼0.05), while Parasutterella and Christensenellaceae R-7 group were significantly lower than those of high caries group(Pï¼0.05). At gene level, Peptostreptococcus in saliva of caries-free group was significantly higher than that in high caries group(Pï¼0.05). Dialister, Kingella, Escherichia-Shigella and Treponema in saliva of caries-free group were significantly lower than those in high caries group(Pï¼0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in species composition of intestinal flora but no in salivary flora between children with high caries and children without caries.
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Caries Dental , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Saliva , Humanos , Saliva/microbiología , Caries Dental/microbiología , Preescolar , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Heces/microbiología , Eubacterium/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: CD24 is a specific cell surface marker for undifferentiated dental stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) seen only during root development, before the tooth emerges through gum. But the comprehensive role of CD24 in the SCAPs is unclear. This study aims to clarify the exact roles of CD24 in SCAPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SCAPs were divided into CD24 (+)-SCAPs (high percentage CD24) and CD24 (-)-SCAPs (low percentage CD24) via flow cytometry. The proliferation, migration and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of the two groups were detected, RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of osteogenic/adipogenic related genes and thegene expression were analyzed. RESULTS: The proliferative and migratory ability of CD24 (-)-SCAPs were significantly stronger than that of CD24 (+)-SCAPs. Although, the mineralization process and the osteogenic genes expression were not significantly difference in the two groups. Both CD24 (+)-SCAPs and CD24 (-)-SCAPs differentiated into adipocytes. The adipogenic differentiation in CD24 (+)-SCAPs was better than that in CD24 (-)-SCAPs, after 3 weeks of adipogenic induction. However, the expression of adipogenic related gene, PPAR γ2 mRNA in CD24 (+)-SCAPs was lower than that in CD24 (-)-SCAPs after 1 week of adipogenic induction. But the trend changed for the opposite after 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: The study proposes that CD24 has a regulatory effect on the adipogenic differentiation of SCAPs, and this may be attained by targeting the PPAR γ2 mRNA. Concurrently, it was found that CD24 plays an inhibitory role in the proliferation and migration of SCAPs, which may minimize the manifestation of diseases caused by an abnormal cell growth.
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Quantitative characterization of nanoparticles (NPs) in marine shellfish is critical to understanding the risks of bio-accumulation. Based on single particle (sp)ICP-MS and electron microscopy, a standardized protocol was developed to extract Ag, Au, and indigenous Ti-containing NPs from mussels. The optimal parameters are: dry sample extraction with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), 5% (v/v) final concentration of TMAH, extraction at 25 â for 12 h, and separation by centrifugation (3000 rpm for 5 min). The particle number recoveries of spiked Ag and Au NPs were 88 ± 0.9% and 95 ± 1.1%, respectively, while Ti-containing NPs had a particle number concentration of 8.2 × 106 particles/mg and an average size of 70 nm in tested mussels. Furthermore, titanium oxide NPs, including rutile, anatase, and Magnéli phases (TixO2x-1) were found ubiquitously in 10 shellfish based on the optimal method. The particle number concentrations and average sizes of the Ti-containing NPs were 2.1 × 106-8.4 × 106 particles/mg and 70-80 nm, respectively. These Ti-containing NPs, such as TiO2, accounted for about half of the Ti mass in shellfish, indicating that marine shellfish may be a significant sink for Ti-containing NPs.
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Bivalvos , Nanopartículas del Metal , Nanopartículas , Animales , Espectrometría de Masas , Tamaño de la Partícula , MariscosRESUMEN
It remains unclear whether limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) increase the risk of stroke in older Chinese adults. This longitudinal study used data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to investigate the effects of limitations in ADL on the incidence of stroke in older adults. Between 2002 and 2011, 46,728 participants from 22 provinces in China were included in this study. Of participants, 11,241 developed limitations in ADL at baseline. A 3-year follow-up was performed to determine the incidence of stroke. During the 3-year follow-up, 929 participants (8.26%) and 2434 participants (6.86%) experienced stroke in the ADL limitations group and non-ADL limitations group, respectively. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of ADL limitations on the risk of stroke. The results showed that after adjusting for the confounding factors gender, age, weight, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, natural teeth, hearing impairment, visual impairment, smoking, alcohol abuse, exercise, ethnicity, literacy, residential area, and poverty, the ADL limitations group had a 77% higher risk of developing stroke than the non-ADL limitations group. After propensity score matching, the ADL limitations group still had a 33% higher risk of developing stroke than the non-ADL limitations group (OR = 1.326, 95% CI: 1.174-1.497). These findings suggest that limitations in ADL are a stroke risk factor.
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BACKGROUND: There are few effective tools to predict survival in patients with invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. AIM: To develop comprehensive nomograms to individually estimate the survival outcome of patients with invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. METHODS: Data of 1219 patients with invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms after resection were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, and randomly divided into the training (n = 853) and the validation (n = 366) cohorts. Based on the Cox regression model, nomograms were constructed to predict overall survival and cancer-specific survival for an individual patient. The performance of the nomograms was measured according to discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Moreover, we compared the predictive accuracy of the nomograms with that of the traditional staging system. RESULTS: In the training cohort, age, marital status, histological type, T stage, N stage, M stage, and chemotherapy were selected to construct nomograms. Compared with the American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th staging system, the nomograms were generally more discriminative. The nomograms passed the calibration steps by showing high consistency between actual probability and nomogram prediction. Categorial net classification improvements and integrated discrimination improvements suggested that the predictive accuracy of the nomograms exceeded that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. With respect to decision curve analyses, the nomograms exhibited more preferable net benefit gains than the staging system across a wide range of threshold probabilities. CONCLUSION: The nomograms show improved predictive accuracy, discrimination capability, and clinical utility, which can be used as reliable tools for risk classification and treatment recommendations.
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Nomogramas , Conductos Pancreáticos/patología , Neoplasias Intraductales Pancreáticas/mortalidad , Pancreaticoduodenectomía , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Civil , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Conductos Pancreáticos/cirugía , Neoplasias Intraductales Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Intraductales Pancreáticas/terapia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Factores de Riesgo , Programa de VERF/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In the contaminated coastal sediments, variations of microbial community can reflect the impact of anthropogenic activities. The identification, evaluation and monitoring of the potential bio-indicator species and biomarker communities are vital for the ecological studies in sedimentary environments. Based on the high-throughput sequencing, the microbial communities were characterized in the sediments along the Yangtze Estuary and its coastal area. The results showed that the structure and composition of microbial communities varied greatly among different sampling sites at the phyla level, especially for Euryarchaeota. Metabolic pathway and quantitative PCR analyses suggested that the methane metabolism-related microbes were mainly included in the phylum of Euryarchaeota. Elevated abundances of methane metabolism-related microbes were found at Shidongkou (SDK) and Wusongkou (WSK), where microbes were seriously impacted by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and urban runoff. By comparing with the Euryarchaeota in WWTP sludge, the relatively high abundance of Euryarchaeota in sediment at SDK may be mainly related to the massive growth of indigenous species, promoted by anthropogenic nutrients. Moreover, redundancy discriminant analysis and correlation analysis revealed that methanogens and methanotrophs mainly respond to the nutrients and metals, such as total organic carbon, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, SO42-, NO2-, NH4+, Cr, and Zn, which were often related to human activities. Network analyses showed that the species related to the metabolism of methane may play a vital role in the interassociation among different microbial communities. Therefore, methanogens, methanotrophs and their community compositions could be considered as potential bio-indicator species and biomarker communities, indicating anthropogenic activities in the sediments along the Yangtze Estuary and its coastal area.
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Archaea/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Estuarios , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Microbiota , Biomarcadores/análisis , China , Ambiente , ARN de Archaea/análisis , ARN Bacteriano/análisis , ARN Ribosómico 16S/análisisRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the expression and regulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); to examine the correlation of the mRNA levels between PD and BTLA in NSCLC. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of PD1 and BTLA on the surfaces of CD8+ T cells and γδ+ T cells in the peripheral blood samples collected from 32 in-patients with stage IV NSCLC and 30 healthy individuals. We compared the expression of PD1 and BTLA on the surfaces of γδ+ T cells in the NSCLC patients with bone metastasis before and after the treatment of zoledronic acid. The correlations of PD1 and BTLA, as well as their ligands were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis with the cBioPortal data platform. Results The frequency of PD1 on the surfaces of CD8+ T cells was significantly higher than that of the γδT cells in both healthy controls (t=2.324, P=0.024) and NSCLC patientsï¼t=2.498, P=0.015). The frequency of PD1 on CD8+ T cells, rather than on γδ+ T cells, was significantly upregulated in advanced NSCLC patients compared with that in healthy controls (t=4.829, P<0.001). The PD1+ BTLA+γδT cells of the healthy controls were significantly lower than that of the NSCLC patients (t=2.422, P=0.0185). No differences in percentage of PD1+γδ+ and BTLA+γδ+ T cells were observed in 7 NSCLC patients with bone metastasis before and after zoledronic acid treatment. PD1 was positively correlated with BTLA in both lung adenocarcinoma (r=0.54; P<0.05) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (r=0.78; P<0.05). Conclusions The upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules occurs on the surfaces of both CD8+ T cells and γδT cells in advanced NSCLC, suggesting that these molecules were involved in regulating the inactivation of CD8+ T cells and γδ+ T cells, immune escape and tumor invasion.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/sangre , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/inmunología , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Receptores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Ligandos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T gamma-delta , Receptores Inmunológicos/genéticaRESUMEN
Antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) are considered as an emerging pollutant among various environments. As a sink of ARGs, a comprehensive study on the spatial and temporal distribution of ARGs in the estuarine sediments is needed. In the present study, six ARGs were determined in sediments taken along the Yangtze Estuary temporally and spatially. The sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones resistance genes including sul1, sul2, tetA, tetW, aac(6')-Ib, and qnrS, were ubiquitous, and the average abundances of most ARGs showed significant seasonal differences, with relative low abundances in winter and high abundances in summer. Moreover, the relative high abundances of ARGs were found at Shidongkou (SDK) and Wusongkou (WSK), which indicated that the effluents from the wastewater treatment plant upstream and inland river discharge could influence the abundance of ARGs in sediments. The positive correlation between intI1 and sul1 implied intI1 may be related to the occurrence and propagation of sulfonamides resistance genes. Correlation analysis and redundancy discriminant analysis showed that antibiotic concentrations had no significant correlation to their corresponding ARGs, while the total extractable metal, especially the bioavailable metals, as well as other environmental factors including temperature, clay, total organic carbon and total nitrogen, could regulate the occurrence and distribution of ARGs temporally and spatially. Our findings suggested the comprehensive effects of multiple pressures on the distribution of ARGs in the sediments, providing new insight into the distribution and dissemination of ARGs in estuarine sediments, spatially and temporally.
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Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Estuarios , Genes Bacterianos , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Contaminación del Agua/estadística & datos numéricos , China , Ríos , Estaciones del Año , Sulfonamidas/análisis , Tetraciclinas/análisis , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Aguas Residuales/análisis , Aguas Residuales/química , Aguas Residuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Contaminación del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
Polydatin (PD), a natural precursor of resveratrol, has been used to treat several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, hepatic diseases and various cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of PD on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using a high fat induced obese mice model. The studied subjects were randomly divided into a lean group, a high fat diet (HFD) group, and a high fat diet with PD (HFD + PD) group. The results showed that PD reduced the body weights in HFD mice. PD also downregulated the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and upregulated high density lipoprotein (HDL). Moreover, PD significantly alleviated hepatocyte steatosis and reduced Gr-1+ cells in the liver tissues of HFD mice. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly decreased in the liver tissues of HFD mice with PD treatment, and the downregulation of MCP-1 and S100A9 protein expressions was also observed. In conclusion, PD had beneficial roles in suppressing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and anti-inflammatory responses in the liver tissue of obese associated NAFLD.
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AIM: In the penumbra after focal cerebral ischemia, an increase of protease Omi is linked to a decrease of Hs1-associated protein X-1 (Hax-1), a protein belonging to the Bcl-2 family. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the regulation of Hax-1 by protease Omi in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS: Mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R); cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. Mice underwent 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion, and the infarct volume was determined with TTC staining. The expression of Omi and Hax-1 was detected using immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using TMRM staining. RESULTS: In the brains of MCAO mice, the protein level of Omi was significantly increased, while the protein level of Hax-1 was decreased. Similar changes were observed in OGD/R-treated N2a cells, but the mRNA level of Hax-1 was not changed. Furthermore, in OGD/R-treated N2a cells, knockdown of Omi significantly increased Hax-1 protein level. Immunofluorescence assay showed that Omi and Hax-1 were co-localized in mitochondria of N2a cells. OGD/R caused marked mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in N2a cells, while inhibition of Omi protease activity with UCF-101 (10 µmol/L) or overexpression of Hax-1 could restore the mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuate cell apoptosis. Moreover, pretreatment of MCAO mice with UCF-101 (7.15 mg/kg, ip) could restore Hax-1 expression, inhibit caspase activation, and significantly reduce the infarct volume. CONCLUSION: Protease Omi impairs mitochondrial function by cleaving Hax-1, which induces apoptosis in OGD/R-treated N2a cells and causes I/R injury in MCAO mice.
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Encéfalo/patología , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/patología , Proteínas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Serina Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Glucosa/metabolismo , Serina Peptidasa A2 que Requiere Temperaturas Altas , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/patología , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/patología , Oxígeno/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the ability of SD rat dental papillae cells forming dentin-like structure induced by millipore filter combined with transforming growth factor-ß(1) (TGF-ß(1)). METHODS: The first passage SD rat dental papillae cells were enzymatically dissociated and centrifuged to obtain a cell mass. The cell mass was seeded on the millipore filter combined with TGF-ß(1). The complex was incubated for 6 d in vitro or transplanted under the renal capsule for 2 weeks. Then the differentiation of dental papillae cells on the filter and the formation of mineral tissue on the implant were analyzed. RESULTS: A layer of polarized columnar cells were observed along the surface of the millipore filter, with cell processes extending into the porous media. Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) were positive in these cells. After 2 weeks, tubular dentin matrix was deposited on the surface of the aligned cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the thickness of newly formed tubular dentin was consistent. DSP and DMP-1 were expressed in columnar cells, tubular matrix and the dental papillae cells adjacent to the filter. CONCLUSIONS: The millipore filter combined with TGF-ß(1) could effectively recruit progenitors onto its surface and induce odontoblast differentiation, secrete matrix in a homogenous manner, leading to dentinogenesis.
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Papila Dental/citología , Dentina , Filtros Microporos , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/farmacología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Dentinogénesis , Matriz Extracelular , Proteínas de la Matriz Extracelular , Odontoblastos , Fosfoproteínas , Ratas , Sialoglicoproteínas , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador betaRESUMEN
A theory of membrane-adhesion-induced phase separation of two species of ligand-receptor complexes (i.e., junctions) is presented. Different species of junctions are assumed to have different natural heights and flexibilities. It is shown that the equilibrium properties of the system are equivalent to a membrane under an effective external potential, and for given junction flexibility difference phase separation occurs at sufficiently large junction height difference. The phase coexistence curve shows two distinct regions. (i) When junction height difference is large, the system is far from the mean-field critical point. Because of the higher entropy associated with softer junctions, phase coexistence occurs when the harder junctions have higher effective binding energy (free energy released due to the formation of a junction). (ii) When junction height difference is small such that the system is near the mean-field critical point, the contribution of the binding energy of the softer junctions to the free energy of the state with intermembrane distance close to the natural height of the harder junctions is not negligible. Therefore phase coexistence occurs when the harder junctions have smaller effective binding energy. Monte Carlo simulation that studies the effect of non-Gaussian fluctuations on the critical point indicates that the situation described in (ii) can be observed in typical biological systems.