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1.
Neurochem Int ; 180: 105880, 2024 Oct 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39396709

RESUMEN

Protein aggregation serves as a critical pathological marker in a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including the formation of amyloid ß (Aß) and Tau neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, as well as α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates in Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease-related dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). A significant proportion of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exhibit TDP-43 aggregates. Moreover, a confluence of brain protein pathologies, such as Aß, Tau, α-Syn, and TDP-43, has been identified in individual NDs cases, highlighting the intricate interplay among these proteins that is garnering heightened scrutiny. Importantly, protein aggregation is modulated by an array of factors, with burgeoning evidence suggesting that it frequently results from perturbations in protein homeostasis, influenced by the cellular membrane milieu, metal ion concentrations, post-translational modifications, and genetic mutations. This review delves into the pathological underpinnings of protein aggregation across various NDs and elucidates the intercommunication among disparate proteins within the same disease context. Additionally, we examine the pathogenic mechanisms by which diverse factors impinge upon protein aggregation, offering fresh perspectives for the future therapeutic intervention of NDs.

2.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 180: 117458, 2024 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39413618

RESUMEN

Oral cancers are a significant global health concern, with a high incidence of treatment failure primarily due to the development of drug resistance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression, playing pivotal roles in various cellular processes, including tumor progression and response to therapy. This review explores the multifaceted roles of lncRNAs in the development of drug resistance in oral cancers. We highlight the mechanisms by which lncRNAs modulate drug efflux, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and other pathways associated with chemoresistance. Key lncRNAs implicated in resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in oral cancers are discussed, along with their potential as therapeutic targets. Understanding the involvement of lncRNAs in drug resistance mechanisms offers promising avenues for overcoming treatment barriers and improving patient outcomes. This review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the precise roles of lncRNAs in oral cancer resistance and their translation into clinical interventions.

3.
Int J Nanomedicine ; 19: 8987-9007, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39246427

RESUMEN

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a primary, non-traumatic cerebral event associated with substantial mortality and disability. Despite advancements in understanding its etiology and refining diagnostic techniques, a validated treatment to significantly improve ICH prognosis remains elusive. Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicles, encapsulate bioactive components, predominantly microRNAs (miRNAs), facilitating and regulating intercellular communication. Currently, exosomes have garnered considerable interests in clinical transformation for their nanostructure, minimal immunogenicity, low toxicity, inherent stability, and the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier. A wealth of studies has demonstrated that exosomes can improve the prognosis of ICH through anti-apoptosis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and autophagy, primarily via the transportation or overexpression of selected miRNAs. More importantly, exosomes can be easily customized with specific miRNAs or bioactive compounds to establish delivery systems, broadening their potential applications. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of exosomes in ICH, reviewing the mechanisms of molecular biology mediated by certain miRNAs, discussing the benefits, challenges, and future prospects in ICH treatment. We hope comprehensive understanding of exosomes based on miRNAs will provide new insights into the treatment of ICH and guide the translation of exosome's research from laboratory to clinical practice.


Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Cerebral , Exosomas , MicroARNs , Exosomas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hemorragia Cerebral/terapia , Animales , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo
4.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 30(9): 1183-1189, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38852851

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: With remarkable progress in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis, it is critical to understand population immunity against RSV. We aim to describe the RSV pre-F IgG antibodies across all age groups in Southern China and to evaluate the risk factors associated with lower antibody levels. METHODS: We performed a community-based cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study in Anhua County, Hunan Province, Southern China, from July 15, 2021, to November 5, 2021. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies against the RSV prefusion F (pre-F) protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We estimated the geometric mean titres (GMTs) and seropositivity rates across all age groups. The generalized linear models were built to identify factors associated with antibody levels. RESULTS: A total of 890 participants aged 4 months to older than 89 years were enrolled. The lowest RSV pre-F IgG GMTs were observed in infants and toddlers aged 4 months to younger than 2 years (3.0; 95% CI, 2.6-3.5). With increasing age, the RSV pre-F IgG GMT increased to 4.3 (95% CI, 4.1-4.4) between the ages of 2 and younger than 5 years and then stabilized at high levels throughout life. All the children had serological evidence of RSV infection by the age of 5 years. Age was associated with RSV pre-F antibody levels in children, with an estimated 1.9-fold (95% CI, 0.8-3.6) increase in titre per year before 5 years of age, although it was not significantly associated with antibody levels in adults aged older than 60 years. DISCUSSION: Our findings could provide a comprehensive understanding of the gaps in RSV immunity at the population level and inform the prioritization of immunization platforms.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales , Inmunoglobulina G , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano , Humanos , China/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Lactante , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/epidemiología , Preescolar , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/inmunología , Masculino , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Niño , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Adolescente , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Formación de Anticuerpos , Factores de Riesgo
5.
Sci Bull (Beijing) ; 69(18): 2892-2905, 2024 Sep 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38734586

RESUMEN

Ion channel activation upon ligand gating triggers a myriad of biological events and, therefore, evolution of ligand gating mechanism is of fundamental importance. TRPM2, a typical ancient ion channel, is activated by adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) and calcium and its activation has evolved from a simple mode in invertebrates to a more complex one in vertebrates, but the evolutionary process is still unknown. Molecular evolutionary analysis of TRPM2s from more than 280 different animal species has revealed that, the C-terminal NUDT9-H domain has evolved from an enzyme to a ligand binding site for activation, while the N-terminal MHR domain maintains a conserved ligand binding site. Calcium gating pattern has also evolved, from one Ca2+-binding site as in sea anemones to three sites as in human. Importantly, we identified a new group represented by olTRPM2, which has a novel gating mode and fills the missing link of the channel gating evolution. We conclude that the TRPM2 ligand binding or activation mode evolved through at least three identifiable stages in the past billion years from simple to complicated and coordinated. Such findings benefit the evolutionary investigations of other channels and proteins.


Asunto(s)
Adenosina Difosfato Ribosa , Calcio , Evolución Molecular , Canales Catiónicos TRPM , Canales Catiónicos TRPM/metabolismo , Canales Catiónicos TRPM/genética , Adenosina Difosfato Ribosa/metabolismo , Humanos , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Activación del Canal Iónico/efectos de los fármacos , Sitios de Unión , Filogenia , Pirofosfatasas/metabolismo , Pirofosfatasas/genética
6.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol ; 12: 1329960, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38665817

RESUMEN

The current literature studied the median nerve (MN) at specific locations during joint motions. As only a few particular parts of the nerve are depicted, the relevant information available is limited. This experiment investigated the morphological and biomechanical properties of the MN. The effects of the shoulder and wrist motions on MN were explored as well. Eight young healthy female individuals were tested with two-dimensional ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE). The morphological and biomechanical properties were examined in limb position 1, with the wrist at the neutral position, the elbow extended at 180°, and the shoulder abducted at 60°. In addition, the experiment assessed the differences among the wrist, forearm, elbow, and upper arm with Friedman's test and Bonferroni post hoc analysis. Two groups of limb positions were designed to explore the effects of shoulder movements (shoulder abducted at 90° and 120°) and wrist movements (wrist extended at 45° and flexed at 45°) on the thickness and Young's modulus. Differences among the distributions of five limb positions were tested as well. The ICC3, 1 values for thickness and Young's modulus were 0.976 and 0.996, respectively. There were differences among the MN thicknesses of four arm locations in limb position 1, while Young's modulus was higher at the elbow and wrist than at the forearm and upper arm. Compared to limb position 1, only limb position 4 had an effect on MN thickness at the wrist. Both shoulder and wrist motions affected MN Young's modulus, and the stiffness variations at typical locations all showed a downward trend proximally in all. The distributions of MN thickness and Young's modulus showed fold line patterns but differed at the wrist and the pronator teres. The MN in the wrist is more susceptible to limb positions, and Young's modulus is sensitive to nerve changes and is more promising for the early diagnosis of neuropathy.

7.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 1333, 2024 Feb 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38351003

RESUMEN

Commensal bacteria generate immensely diverse active metabolites to maintain gut homeostasis, however their fundamental role in establishing an immunotolerogenic microenvironment in the intestinal tract remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that an understudied murine commensal bacterium, Dubosiella newyorkensis, and its human homologue Clostridium innocuum, have a probiotic immunomodulatory effect on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis using conventional, antibiotic-treated and germ-free mouse models. We identify an important role for the D. newyorkensis in rebalancing Treg/Th17 responses and ameliorating mucosal barrier injury by producing short-chain fatty acids, especially propionate and L-Lysine (Lys). We further show that Lys induces the immune tolerance ability of dendritic cells (DCs) by enhancing Trp catabolism towards the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway through activation of the metabolic enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent manner. This study identifies a previously unrecognized metabolic communication by which Lys-producing commensal bacteria exert their immunoregulatory capacity to establish a Treg-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment by activating AhR-IDO1-Kyn metabolic circuitry in DCs. This metabolic circuit represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.


Asunto(s)
Colitis , Firmicutes , Quinurenina , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Quinurenina/metabolismo , Lisina , Receptores de Hidrocarburo de Aril/metabolismo , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Bacterias/metabolismo , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/metabolismo
8.
Bioorg Chem ; 144: 107075, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38218067

RESUMEN

The two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors (CBR), namely CB1R and CB2R, belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and are confirmed as potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases such as inflammation, neuropathic pain, and immune-related disorders. Since CB1R is mainly distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), it could produce severe psychiatric adverse reactions and addiction. In contrast, CB2R are predominantly distributed in the peripheral immune system with minimal CNS-related side effects. Therefore, more attention has been devoted to the discovery of CB2R ligands. In view of the favorable profile of CB2R, many high-binding affinity and selectivity CB2R ligands have been developed recently. This paper reviews recent research progress on CB2R ligands, including endogenous CB2R ligands, natural compounds, and novel small molecules, in order to provide a reference for subsequent CB2R ligand development.


Asunto(s)
Cannabinoides , Inflamación , Humanos , Receptores de Cannabinoides
9.
Front Microbiol ; 14: 1264586, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38075870

RESUMEN

Aspergillus fumigatus, a prevalent saprophytic fungus in the atmosphere, is known to rapidly induce severe invasive aspergillosis (IA) upon inhalation of its conidia by humans or animals. The mortality rate associated with IA exceeds 50%. The misuse of antifungal agents has contributed to the emergence of numerous highly pathogenic drug-resistant strains of A. fumigatus. Our study found that the combination of domiphen and itraconazole had sound synergistic antimicrobial effects against wild-type and itraconazole-resistant A. fumigatus in vivo and in vitro through MIC, FIC, plate inoculation, growth curve experiments, and Galleria mellonella infection model. Drug cytotoxicity and pharmacological tests for acute toxicity assays demonstrated that both itraconazole and domiphen showed minimal cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. The transcriptome sequencing experiment demonstrated that domiphen exerted a suppressive effect on the expression of various genes, including those involved in drug efflux, redox regulation, and cellular membrane and cell wall remodeling. The present investigation explores the synergistic antimicrobial mechanisms of domiphen and itraconazole, encompassing three key aspects: (i) domiphen inhibited the efflux of itraconazole by reducing the expression of drug efflux-related genes, (ii) the combination has good ability to disrupt the cell membrane and cell wall, (iii) the combination also can remove biofilm more effectively. In summary, the utilization of domiphen as a synergist of itraconazole exhibited disruptive effects on the biofilm, cell wall, and cell membrane of A. fumigatus. This subsequently led to a modified distribution of itraconazole within the fungal organism, ultimately resulting in enhanced antifungal efficacy. The results of this study may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IA caused by drug-resistant A. fumigatus.

10.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 22073, 2023 12 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38086888

RESUMEN

Oral cancer can occur in different parts of the mouth, including the lips, palate, gums, and inside the cheeks. If not treated in time, it can be life-threatening. Incidentally, using CAD-based diagnosis systems can be so helpful for early detection of this disease and curing it. In this study, a new deep learning-based methodology has been proposed for optimal oral cancer diagnosis from the images. In this method, after some preprocessing steps, a new deep belief network (DBN) has been proposed as the main part of the diagnosis system. The main contribution of the proposed DBN is its combination with a developed version of a metaheuristic technique, known as the Combined Group Teaching Optimization algorithm to provide an efficient system of diagnosis. The presented method is then implemented in the "Oral Cancer (Lips and Tongue) images dataset" and a comparison is done between the results and other methods, including ANN, Bayesian, CNN, GSO-NN, and End-to-End NN to show the efficacy of the techniques. The results showed that the DBN-CGTO method achieved a precision rate of 97.71%, sensitivity rate of 92.37%, the Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 94.65%, and 94.65% F1 score, which signifies its ability as the highest efficiency among the others to accurately classify positive samples while remaining the independent correct classification of negative samples.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Labios , Neoplasias de la Boca , Humanos , Teorema de Bayes , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Algoritmos , Neoplasias de la Boca/diagnóstico
12.
Int J Nanomedicine ; 18: 4857-4870, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37662688

RESUMEN

Purpose: Herein, an emerging drug delivery system was constructed based on zeolite imidazole backbone (ZIF-8) to improve antibacterial defects of nanosilver (AgNPs), such as easily precipitated and highly cytotoxic. Methods: The homogeneous dispersion of AgNPs on ZIF-8 was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential analysis, and SEM. The appropriate AgNPs loading ratio on ZIF-8 was screened through the cell and antibacterial experiments based on biosafety and antibacterial performance. The optimal environment for AgNPs@ZIF-8 to exert antibacterial performance was probed in the context of bacterial communities under different acid-base conditions. The potential mechanism of AgNPs@ZIF-8 to inhibit the common clinical strains was investigated by observing the biofilm metabolic activity and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria. Results: The successful piggybacking of AgNPs by ZIF-8 was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential analysis, and SEM characterization methods. Based on the bacterial growth curve (0-24 hours), the antibacterial ability of AgNPs@ZIF-8 was found to be superior to AgNPs. When the mass ratio of ZIF-8 and AgNPs was 1:0.25, the selection of AgNPs@ZIF-8 was based on its superior antimicrobial efficacy and enhanced biocompatibility. Notably, under weakly acidic bacterial microenvironments (pH=6.4), AgNPs@ZIF-8 demonstrated a more satisfactory antibacterial effect. In addition, experiments on biofilms showed that concentrations of AgNPs@ZIF-8 exceeding 1×MIC resulted in more than 50% biofilm removal. The nanomedicine was found to increase ROS levels upon detecting the ROS concentration in bacteria. Conclusion: Novel nanocomposites consisting of low cytotoxicity drug carrier ZIF-8 loaded with AgNPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial effects compared to AgNPs alone. The pH-responsive nano drug delivery system, AgNPs@ZIF-8, exhibited superior antimicrobial activity in a mildly acidic environment. Moreover, AgNPs@ZIF-8 effectively eradicated pathogenic bacterial biofilms and elevated the intracellular level of ROS.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Nanocompuestos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Biopelículas , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno
13.
Entropy (Basel) ; 25(9)2023 Aug 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37761567

RESUMEN

Images, as a crucial information carrier in the era of big data, are constantly generated, stored, and transmitted. Determining how to guarantee the security of images is a hot topic in the information security community. Image encryption is a simple and direct approach for this purpose. In order to cope with this issue, we propose a novel scheme based on eight-base DNA-level permutation and diffusion, termed as EDPD, for color image encryption in this paper. The proposed EDPD integrates secure hash algorithm-512 (SHA-512), a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system, and eight-base DNA-level permutation and diffusion that conducts on one-dimensional sequences and three-dimensional cubes. To be more specific, the EDPD has four main stages. First, four initial values for the proposed chaotic system are generated from plaintext color images using SHA-512, and a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system is constructed using the initial values and control parameters. Second, a hyperchaotic sequence is generated from the four-dimensional hyperchaotic system for consequent encryption operations. Third, multiple permutation and diffusion operations are conducted on different dimensions with dynamic eight-base DNA-level encoding and algebraic operation rules determined via the hyperchaotic sequence. Finally, DNA decoding is performed in order to obtain the cipher images. Experimental results from some common testing images verify that the EDPD has excellent performance in color image encryption and can resist various attacks.

14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(18)2023 Sep 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37762031

RESUMEN

Tumor immune microenvironment constituents, such as CD8+ T cells, have emerged as crucial focal points for cancer immunotherapy. Given the absence of reliable biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), we aimed to ascertain a molecular signature that could potentially be linked to CD8+ T cells. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to CD8+ T cells were identified through an analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, immune-associated genes were obtained from the InnateDB and ImmPort datasets and were cross-referenced with CD8+ T-cell-associated DEGs to generate a series of DEGs linked to immune response and CD8+ T cells. Patients with ccRCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were randomly allocated into testing and training groups. A gene signature was established by conducting LASSO-Cox analysis and subsequently confirmed using both the testing and complete groups. The efficacy of this signature in evaluating immunotherapy response was assessed on the IMvigor210 cohort. Finally, we employed various techniques, including CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, ssGSEA, and qRT-PCR, to examine the immunological characteristics, drug responses, and expression of the signature genes in ccRCC. Our findings revealed 206 DEGs linked to immune response and CD8+ T cells, among which 65 genes were correlated with overall survival (OS) in ccRCC. A risk assessment was created utilizing a set of seven genes: RARRES2, SOCS3, TNFSF14, XCL1, GRN, CLDN4, and RBP7. The group with a lower risk showed increased expression of CD274 (PD-L1), suggesting a more favorable response to anti-PD-L1 treatment. The seven-gene signature demonstrated accurate prognostic prediction for ccRCC and holds potential as a clinical reference for treatment decisions.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales , Carcinoma , Neoplasias Renales , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renales/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renales/terapia , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Secuencia de Bases , Neoplasias Renales/genética , Neoplasias Renales/terapia , ARN , Microambiente Tumoral/genética
15.
Vet Sci ; 10(8)2023 Aug 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37624304

RESUMEN

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is an emerging virus first discovered in the United States in 2015, and since then, PCV3 has been found in many regions of the world, including America, Asia, and Europe. Although several PCV3 investigations have been carried out, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the pathogenicity of PCV3, mostly due to the limited number of PCV3 isolates that are readily available. In this study, PCV3-DB-1 was isolated in PK-15 cells and characterized in vitro. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of PCV-like particles, and in situ hybridization RNA analysis demonstrated the replication of PCV3 in PK-15 cell culture. Based on phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 isolates from the Heilongjiang province of China, PCV3-DB-1 with 24 alanine and 27 lysine in the Cap protein was originally isolated and determined to belong to the clade PCV3a.

16.
Environ Res ; 239(Pt 1): 116751, 2023 Dec 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37507044

RESUMEN

Oral cavity carcinomas are the most frequent malignancies among head and neck malignancies. Oral tumors include not only oral cancer cells with different potency and stemness but also consist of diverse cells, containing anticancer immune cells, stromal and also immunosuppressive cells that influence the immune system reactions. The infiltrated T and natural killer (NK) cells are the substantial tumor-suppressive immune compartments in the tumor. The infiltration of these cells has substantial impacts on the response of tumors to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, cancer cells, stromal cells, and some other compartments like regulatory T cells (Tregs), macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can repress the immune responses against malignant cells. Boosting anticancer immunity by inducing the immune system or repressing the tumor-promoting cells is one of the intriguing approaches for the eradication of malignant cells such as oral cancers. This review aims to concentrate on the secretions and interactions in the oral tumor immune microenvironment. We review targeting tumor stroma, immune system and immunosuppressive interactions in oral tumors. This review will also focus on therapeutic targets and therapeutic agents such as nanoparticles and products with anti-tumor potency that can boost anticancer immunity in oral tumors. We also explain possible future perspectives including delivery of various cells, natural products and drugs by nanoparticles for boosting anticancer immunity in oral tumors.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Boca , Nanopartículas , Humanos , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Neoplasias de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Macrófagos , Microambiente Tumoral
17.
Eur J Radiol ; 166: 111005, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37499479

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for early diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (OA) by comparing vascular morphology and hemodynamic parameters between healthy controls and patients, and explore the effects of age on the blood flow of healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 80 healthy subjects and 106 patients with knee OA were recruited. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the vascular morphology and hemodynamic parameters of 11 blood vessels around the knee joint. A general linear model was used to analyze the difference of blood flow parameters between healthy controls and patients, and to explore the effects of sex and age on the blood flow of healthy subjects. RESULTS: Age has no significant effect on the vessel diameter of healthy subjects, and it only affect the blood flow velocity (P < 0.05) and blood flow volume (P <0.0083) of a few blood vessels. There was no significant difference in vascular morphological parameter between healthy controls, patients with mild OA and moderate/severe OA, but there was significant difference in vascular hemodynamic parameters (P < 0.0167). Specifically, in the early stage of knee OA, hemodynamic parameters of main arteries in patients did not change significantly, but those of branch vessels changed significantly (P < 0.0167). With the development of knee OA, the difference of hemodynamic parameters of branch vessels in patients increased gradually. CONCLUSION: Hemodynamic parameters of branch vessels around the knee joint have changed significantly in the early stage of knee OA, which can be treated as an important index to screening the early patients.


Asunto(s)
Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Humanos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemodinámica , Velocidad del Flujo Sanguíneo , Ultrasonografía Doppler en Color
18.
Opt Express ; 31(13): 21038-21047, 2023 Jun 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37381213

RESUMEN

We study ionization of atoms in strong orthogonal two-color (OTC) laser fields numerically and analytically. The calculated photoelectron momentum distribution shows two typical structures: a rectangular-like one and a shoulder-like one, the positions of which depend on the laser parameters. Using a strong-field model which allows us to quantitatively evaluate the Coulomb effect, we show that these two structures arise from attosecond response of electron inside an atom to light in OTC-induced photoemission. Some simple mappings between the locations of these structures and response time are derived. Through these mappings, we are able to establish a two-color attosecond chronoscope for timing electron emission, which is essential for OTC-based precise manipulation.

19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37289606

RESUMEN

Bone Age (BA) is reckoned to be closely associated with the growth and development of teenagers, whose assessment highly depends on the accurate extraction of the reference bone from the carpal bone. Being uncertain in its proportion and irregular in its shape, wrong judgment and poor average extraction accuracy of the reference bone will no doubt lower the accuracy of Bone Age Assessment (BAA). In recent years, machine learning and data mining are widely embraced in smart healthcare systems. Using these two instruments, this paper aims to tackle the aforementioned problems by proposing a Region of Interest (ROI) extraction method for wrist X-ray images based on optimized YOLO model. The method combines Deformable convolution-focus (Dc-focus), Coordinate attention (Ca) module, Feature level expansion, and Efficient Intersection over Union (EIoU) loss all together as YOLO-DCFE. With the improvement, the model can better extract the features of irregular reference bone and reduce the potential misdiscrimination between the reference bone and other similarly shaped reference bones, improving the detection accuracy. We select 10041 images taken by professional medical cameras as the dataset to test the performance of YOLO-DCFE. Statistics show the advantages of YOLO-DCFE in detection speed and high accuracy. The detection accuracy of all ROIs is 99.8 %, which is higher than other models. Meanwhile, YOLO-DCFE is the fastest of all comparison models, with the Frames Per Second (FPS) reaching 16.

20.
Beilstein J Nanotechnol ; 14: 565-573, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37179593

RESUMEN

A novel strategy is provided to improve the absorption of SiC nanomaterials through surface carbonization of SiC nanowires and hydrolysis. SiC@C-ZnO composites were synthesized with different dosages of ZnNO3·6H2O. Composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. Results from TEM and XRD show that crystalline ZnO particles adhere to the surface of amorphous carbon, and the ZnO content increases as a function of a dosage of ZnNO3·6H2O. The as-prepared SiC@C-ZnO hybrids exhibit effective electromagnetic absorption, which is related to a synergy effect of different dielectric loss processes. The minimum reflection loss reached -65.4 dB at 11 GHz at a sample thickness of 3.1 mm, while the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reached 7 GHz at a sample thickness of 2.56 mm. Furthermore, the EAB of the samples can also cover the whole X band and Ku band at small sample thicknesses (2.09-3.47 mm). The excellent properties of the materials suggest great prospect as electromagnetic absorbers.

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